CN105670797A - 一种佛手精油提取方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种佛手精油提取方法，包括以下步骤：(1)将佛手冻干，粉碎；(2)将佛手加入萃取剂中进行超声萃取，过滤，浓缩；重复2-4次。本发明的佛手精油提取方法，依据相似相溶的萃取原理，利用油脂与所选定溶剂的互溶性质，用有机溶剂进行超声提取，提取液减压蒸馏除去溶剂即可得精油；是一种快速，高效的提取佛手精油的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及植物培养种植领域，具体涉及一种佛手精油提取方法。
背景技术
佛手为芸香科柑橘属植物佛手的果实，又名佛手柑、密罗柑、福寿橘等。因其果顶分裂、张开或握拳，状如观音之手，人们习惯称之为佛手。其花、叶和果实都具有浓郁的香味，成熟的佛手果皮鲜黄，其味清香淡雅，留香持久，而且果型奇特，是闻香型赏果的花卉珍品。
佛手中挥发精油含量达16.0mL/kg，其味清香淡雅，是重要的高档香料植物，在国外已被广泛地应用于食品和化妆品中。现有研究结果表明，佛手挥发精油主要成分是萜烯类、倍半萜烯类以及高级醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类等多种生理活性物质，具有较高的药用价值，具有祛痰、止咳、平喘、抗焦虑、抗菌消炎和去除自由基等作用。
目前，挥发油的提取和分离的技术主要有压榨法、水蒸气蒸馏法、溶剂提取法、同步蒸馏-萃取法和超临界流体萃取法等。
压榨法是借助机械外力的作用，将油脂从油料中挤压出来的提取方法，是目前国内植物油脂提取的主要方法。目前压榨法仍然是提取佛手精油的主要手段和首选工艺。压榨法适应性强，工艺操作简单，生产设备维修方便，生产规模大小灵活，适合各种植物油的提取，同时生产比较安全。但压榨法存在出油率低，劳动强度大，生产效率低的缺点。冷榨是一种生产油的制作工艺。一般冷榨法在低于60℃的环境下进行加工，营养成分保留最为完整。冷榨技术制取植物精油避免了对油料的过度加热和过多的化学处理，使得成品油的品质都得到相应提高(如油的滋味、外观等)，保持了成品油的纯天然特性，同时避免高温加工油脂时产生有害物质，又尽可能保留油中的生理活性物质。但我国冷榨技术尚不成熟，出油率较低。
本发明提供了一种佛手瓜种植方法，是一种快速、高效的提取佛手精油的方法。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述不足，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种佛手精油提取方法。
本发明目的是通过如下技术方案实现的：
一种佛手精油提取方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将佛手冻干，粉碎；
(2)将佛手加入萃取剂中进行超声萃取，过滤，浓缩；重复2-4次。
优选地，所述步骤(1)将冻干后的佛手粉碎至30-50目。
优选地，所述步骤(2)中佛手与萃取剂的料液比为1：(10-30)，超声功率为120-160W，超声时间为30-50min，超声温度30-50℃。
优选地，所述的萃取剂选自乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、丙二酸单乙酯、戊二酸二乙酯、乙基丙二酸二乙酯、乙醚、二丙醚、异丙醚、石油醚、异戊醚、乙基正丁基醚、异丁醚、二叔丁醚、乙基叔丁基醚、二氯甲烷、无水乙醇、三氯甲烷、正己烷中一种或多种的混合物。
更优选地，所述的萃取剂由乙基正丁基醚、异丁醚、二叔丁醚混合而成，所述乙基正丁基醚、异丁醚、二叔丁醚的质量比为(1-3)：(1-3)：(1-3)。
具体的，在本发明中：
乙基正丁基醚，CAS号：628-81-9。
异丁醚，别名：1-乙氧基-2-甲基丙烷，分子式：C6H14O，CAS号：627-02-1。
二叔丁醚，CAS号：6163-66-2。
本发明的佛手精油提取方法，依据相似相溶的萃取原理，利用油脂与所选定溶剂的互溶性质，用有机溶剂进行超声提取，提取液减压蒸馏除去溶剂即可得精油；是一种快速，高效的提取佛手精油的方法。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明，以下所述，仅是对本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明做其他形式的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更为同等变化的等效实施例。凡是未脱离本发明方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以下实施例所做的任何简单修改或等同变化，均落在本发明的保护范围内。
佛手瓜种子，采用济南绿禾农业科技开发有限公司提供的佛手瓜种子。
实施例1
佛手精油提取方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将佛手切成片放进冻干机，将盖子盖好后启动机器，待仪器显示温度低于-30℃时，打开真空泵开关，对佛手进行冻干；冻干结束后，用粉碎机进行粉碎至40目。
(2)按料液比1:20(即每g佛手加20mL萃取剂)将佛手加入萃取剂中采用超声波细胞粉碎机进行超声萃取，超声功率为140W，超声时间为45min，超声温度40℃，过滤得滤液，对滤液采用旋转蒸发仪蒸发浓缩，待有机溶剂蒸干后，剩余油状液体物质即为精油；将佛手重复采用上述方法重复萃取三次，合并三次得到的佛手精油。
所述的萃取剂由乙基正丁基醚、异丁醚、二叔丁醚按质量比为1：1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。
实施例2
按照实施例1所述的方法提取佛手精油，区别仅仅在于：所述的萃取剂由乙基正丁基醚、异丁醚按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。
实施例3
按照实施例1所述的方法提取佛手精油，区别仅仅在于：所述的萃取剂由乙基正丁基醚、二叔丁醚按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。
实施例4
按照实施例1所述的方法提取佛手精油，区别仅仅在于：所述的萃取剂由异丁醚、二叔丁醚按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。
测试例1
对实施例1-4的精油得率和精油成分进行气相色谱-质谱法分析，本发明萃取的佛手精油中共鉴定出39种主要组分，佛手精油香气主要成分为酸类8种、醇类5种、醋类5种、烯烃类3种、酮类2种、其他16种。其中酸类23.02％、烯烃类17.27％、酷类14.97％、酮类5.72％、醇类4.81％。柠檬烯，CAS：138-86-3；Gamma-萜品烯，CAS：99-85-4；3-蒈烯，CAS：13466-78-9；泼尼松，CAS：53-03-2；叶黄素，CAS：127-40-2；β-胡萝卜素，CAS：7235-40-7。具体结果见表1。
表1：精油得率和主要成分表单位：％
本发明提取的主要目标物质功效：泼尼松不仅能够较好的消炎及抗过敏，抑制组胺等有毒物质的形成、释放，同时还可以减少结缔组织增生，使毛细血管壁和细胞膜的通透性降低，炎性渗出减少。叶黄素是一种抑制癌症及心脏病的抗氧化剂，对眼睛也有十分重要的保护功效。β-胡萝卜素作为一类重要的抗氧化剂，不仅在抗癌、预防白内障和心血管疾病等方面有极好的功效，还可以预防多种由衰老引起的退化性疾病；同时，它还具有解毒功效，是维护人体健康必不可少的一种营养物质。此外，提取的佛手精油中含有柠檬烯Gamma-萜品烯和3-蒈烯等，这些物质均具有明显的香气，均可以用于香料合成，此3类物质对佛手香气具有最重要的贡献。
比较实施例1，在萃取剂总量相同的情况下，实施例1(乙基正丁基醚、异丁醚、二叔丁醚复配)精油得率和主要成分含量明显高于实施例2-4(乙基正丁基醚、异丁醚、二叔丁醚中任意二者复配)。
Claims (4)
1.一种佛手精油提取方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将佛手冻干，粉碎；
(2)将佛手加入萃取剂中进行超声萃取，过滤，浓缩；重复2-4次。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种佛手精油提取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)将冻干后的佛手粉碎至30-50目。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种佛手精油提取方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中佛手与萃取剂的料液比为1：(10-30)，超声功率为120-160W，超声时间为30-50min，超声温度30-50℃。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的一种佛手精油提取方法，其特征在于，所述的萃取剂由乙基正丁基醚、异丁醚、二叔丁醚混合而成，所述乙基正丁基醚、异丁醚、二叔丁醚的质量比为(1-3)：(1-3)：(1-3)。
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| FR3134821A1 (fr) * | 2022-04-20 | 2023-10-27 | L'oreal | Concrete et absolue de parfum obtenues par extraction de solvant ether a partir de matieres naturelles solides |
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| CN109628206B (zh) * | 2019-01-23 | 2022-02-11 | 广州市国味油脂食品有限公司 | 芝麻调和油的制备方法 |
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