CN105670082B - 一种吸声材料及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种吸声材料,其原料组成及其重量份比为:PE树脂 70~90、发泡剂A 1~10、发泡剂B 1~10、发泡剂C 1~10、稳定剂 1~5、发泡促进剂 1~5、色母粒5~20,其中,发泡剂A为ADC发泡剂,发泡剂B为DPT发泡剂,发泡剂C为碳酸氢钠,制备时,先将各原料按所需比例高速混合,再进行挤出、造粒,然后采用电子加速器对其进行辐照交联,最后送入热烘机中发泡成型即可。本发明不仅扩大了吸声频率范围,而且提高了期望频率和低频的吸音率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于吸声材料技术领域,具体涉及一种吸声材料及其制备工艺。
背景技术
当声波在一定空间(室内或管道内)传播,并入射至材料或结构壁面时,有部分声能被反射,另一部分被吸收(包括透射)。由于这种吸收特性,使反射声能减少,从而使噪声得以降低。这种具有吸声特性的材料和结构称为吸声材料和吸声结构。多孔吸声材料吸声原理:多孔材料内部具有大量细微孔隙,孔隙间彼此贯通,孔隙深入材料内部且通过表面与外界相通。当声波入射到材料表面时,一部分在材料表面反射掉,另一部分则透入到材料内部,引起孔隙中的空气振动,由于摩擦和空气的粘滞阻力,将声能转变为热能而耗散掉。同时小孔中的空气与孔壁、纤维之间的热传导引起的热损失也使声能衰减。此外,声波在刚性壁面反射后,经过材料回到其表面时,一部分又入射到材料内部。
常规的吸声材料通常存在着耐寒性能不佳的问题,在低温下长期使用后,会出现吸声效果下降的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术存在的低温吸声效率不佳的问题,提供一种可有效改善低温吸声效率的吸声材料及其制备工艺。
为实现以上目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种吸声材料,其原料组成及其重量份比为:PE树脂 70~90、发泡剂A 1~10、发泡剂B 1~10、发泡剂C 1~10、稳定剂 1~5、发泡促进剂 1~5、色母粒5~20,其中,所述发泡剂A为ADC发泡剂,所述发泡剂B为DPT发泡剂,所述发泡剂C为碳酸氢钠。
所述PE树脂为低密度聚乙烯,所述稳定剂为二甲基聚硅氧烷和聚醚的嵌段共聚物,所述发泡促进剂为锌盐。
一种所述吸声材料的制备工艺,依次包括以下步骤:
步骤一、先将PE树脂、发泡剂A、发泡剂B、发泡剂C、稳定剂、发泡促进剂和色母粒按所需比例加入高速搅拌机混合以得到混合料,再将所述混合料送入挤出机中进行挤出、造粒;
步骤二、先采用电子加速器对造粒后的混合料进行辐照交联,再将其送入热烘机中进行发泡成型即可。
所述步骤一中,混合温度为60~80℃,混合时间为10~30min,挤出、造粒的温度为100~150℃;
所述步骤二中,辐照剂量为4~8Mrad,发泡成型的温度为200~250℃。
所述PE树脂为低密度聚乙烯,所述稳定剂为二甲基聚硅氧烷和聚醚的嵌段共聚物,所述发泡促进剂为锌盐。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明一种吸声材料的原料组成及其重量份比为:PE树脂 70~90、发泡剂A 1~10、发泡剂B 1~10、发泡剂C 1~10、稳定剂 1~5、发泡促进剂 1~5、色母粒5~20,其中,发泡剂A为ADC发泡剂,发泡剂B为DPT发泡剂、发泡剂C为碳酸氢钠,本设计同时采用三种不同类型的发泡剂,并通过配方工艺的优化,使得吸声材料内部具有不同的孔结构,不仅扩大了吸声频率范围,而且有效提高了期望频率以及低频吸音率,改善了低温吸声效率。因此,本发明不仅扩大了吸声频率范围,而且提高了低温吸声效率。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
一种吸声材料,其原料组成及其重量份比为:PE树脂 70~90、发泡剂A 1~10、发泡剂B 1~10、发泡剂C 1~10、稳定剂 1~5、发泡促进剂 1~5、色母粒5~20,其中,所述发泡剂A为ADC发泡剂,所述发泡剂B为DPT发泡剂,所述发泡剂C为碳酸氢钠。
所述PE树脂为低密度聚乙烯,所述稳定剂为二甲基聚硅氧烷和聚醚的嵌段共聚物,所述发泡促进剂为锌盐。
一种所述吸声材料的制备工艺,依次包括以下步骤:
步骤一、先将PE树脂、发泡剂A、发泡剂B、发泡剂C、稳定剂、发泡促进剂和色母粒按所需比例加入高速搅拌机混合以得到混合料,再将所述混合料送入挤出机中进行挤出、造粒;
步骤二、先采用电子加速器对造粒后的混合料进行辐照交联,再将其送入热烘机中进行发泡成型即可。
所述步骤一中,混合温度为60~80℃,混合时间为10~30min,挤出、造粒的温度为100~150℃;
所述步骤二中,辐照剂量为4~8Mrad,发泡成型的温度为200~250℃。
所述PE树脂为低密度聚乙烯,所述稳定剂为二甲基聚硅氧烷和聚醚的嵌段共聚物,所述发泡促进剂为锌盐。
本发明的原理说明如下:
本发明提供了一种吸声材料及其制备工艺,不仅提高了期望频率范围内的吸音率,而且还能在低频率范围内具有高吸音率。其使用范围非常广泛,能够满足复杂结构条件下的使用,且选用的材料均为环保材料,不会对使用环境造成污染,成本低廉、能够节约制造成本。
发泡剂:
吸声材料内部,不同孔结构的占有率随吸声频率要求的不同而不同,为保证在塑料发泡材料内部得到不同的孔结构,本发明结合原料的特性同时采用三种不同类型的发泡剂,以得到所需要的不同比例的孔结构。
PE树脂:
本发明结合所使用的材料选取熔点、融指合适的树脂,可满足该材料的加工需求,不至于在加工的前段部分因原料提前失效而影响后续的加工。
步骤二:
混合材料中,大部分原料为树脂材料,受树脂材料本身分子链结构的影响,在发泡前通过辐照交联改变分子链的结构可得到需要的网状结构,便于后续发泡过程中泡孔壁的生长,包住发泡剂生成的气体,进而得到我们需要的多孔结构。
实施例1:
一种吸声材料,其原料组成及其重量份比为:PE树脂 70、发泡剂A 1、发泡剂B 1、发泡剂C 1、稳定剂 1、发泡促进剂 1、色母粒5,其中,所述PE树脂为低密度聚乙烯,所述发泡剂A为ADC发泡剂,所述发泡剂B为DPT发泡剂,所述发泡剂C为碳酸氢钠,所述稳定剂为二甲基聚硅氧烷和聚醚的嵌段共聚物,所述发泡促进剂为锌盐。
一种所述吸声材料的制备工艺,依次包括以下步骤:
步骤一、先将PE树脂、发泡剂A、发泡剂B、发泡剂C、稳定剂、发泡促进剂和色母粒按所需比例加入高速搅拌机中于80℃下混合10min以得到混合料,再将所述混合料送入挤出机中于100~150℃下挤出、造粒;
步骤二、先采用电子加速器对造粒后的混合料进行辐照交联,再将其送入热烘机中于200℃下进行发泡成型即可,其中,所述辐照剂量为4Mrad。
采用该实施例制备得到的吸声材料在期望频率100~5000HZ的吸音系数为0.63,在低频率100~200HZ范围内的吸音系数为0.32。
实施例2:
步骤同实施例1,不同之处在于:
所述吸声材料的原料组成及其重量份比为:PE树脂90、发泡剂A 10、发泡剂B 10、发泡剂C 10、稳定剂5、发泡促进剂5、色母粒20。
所述步骤一中,混合温度为60℃,混合时间为30min,挤出、造粒的温度为100~150℃;
所述步骤二中,辐照剂量为8Mrad,发泡成型的温度为250℃。
采用该实施例制备得到的吸声材料在期望频率100~5000HZ的吸音系数为0.90,在低频率100~200HZ范围内的吸音系数为0.40。
实施例3:
步骤同实施例1,不同之处在于:
所述吸声材料的原料组成及其重量份比为:PE树脂 80、发泡剂A5、发泡剂B5、发泡剂C 5、稳定剂 4、发泡促进剂3、色母粒12。
所述步骤一中,混合温度为70℃,混合时间为25min,挤出、造粒的温度为100~150℃;
所述步骤二中,辐照剂量为7Mrad,发泡成型的温度为220℃。
采用该实施例制备得到的吸声材料在期望频率100~5000HZ的吸音系数为0.82,在低频率100~200HZ范围内的吸音系数为0.45。
Claims (5)
1.一种吸声材料,其特征在于:
所述吸声材料的原料组成及其重量份比为:PE树脂 70~90、发泡剂A 1~10、发泡剂B1~10、发泡剂C 1~10、稳定剂 1~5、发泡促进剂 1~5、色母粒5~20,其中,所述发泡剂A为ADC发泡剂,所述发泡剂B为DPT发泡剂,所述发泡剂C为碳酸氢钠。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种吸声材料,其特征在于:所述PE树脂为低密度聚乙烯,所述稳定剂为二甲基聚硅氧烷和聚醚的嵌段共聚物,所述发泡促进剂为锌盐。
3.一种权利要求1所述吸声材料的制备工艺,其特征在于:
所述制备工艺依次包括以下步骤:
步骤一、先将PE树脂、发泡剂A、发泡剂B、发泡剂C、稳定剂、发泡促进剂和色母粒按所需比例加入高速搅拌机混合以得到混合料,再将所述混合料送入挤出机中进行挤出、造粒;
步骤二、先采用电子加速器对造粒后的混合料进行辐照交联,再将其送入热烘机中进行发泡成型即可。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种吸声材料的制备工艺,其特征在于:
所述步骤一中,混合温度为60~80℃,混合时间为10~30min,挤出、造粒的温度为100~150℃;
所述步骤二中,辐照剂量为4~8Mrad,发泡成型的温度为200~250℃。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的一种吸声材料的制备工艺,其特征在于:
所述PE树脂为低密度聚乙烯,所述稳定剂为二甲基聚硅氧烷和聚醚的嵌段共聚物,所述发泡促进剂为锌盐。
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