CN105591156A - Electrolyte containing tricyanobenzene and lithium ion secondary battery containing electrolyte - Google Patents
Electrolyte containing tricyanobenzene and lithium ion secondary battery containing electrolyte Download PDFInfo
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- CN105591156A CN105591156A CN201610009642.7A CN201610009642A CN105591156A CN 105591156 A CN105591156 A CN 105591156A CN 201610009642 A CN201610009642 A CN 201610009642A CN 105591156 A CN105591156 A CN 105591156A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electrolyte containing 1,3,5-tricyanobenzene. The electrolyte comprises an organic solvent, conductive lithium salt and an additive, wherein the additive is 1,3,5-tricyanobenzene; the organic solvent is selected from more than one of cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate; the use mass of the additive is equivalent to 0.1%-10% of the total mass of the lithium salt and the organic solvent. Tricyanobenzene and transition metal have higher complexation, dissolving out of transition metal of a positive plate can be effectively inhibited, the transition metal can be enriched on the surface of the positive plate to form a protecting film, catalytic decomposition of electrolyte components on the surface of the positive plate is inhibited, and the high-temperature storage performance of the secondary battery is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention designs lithium ion battery preparation field, is specifically related to a kind of electrolyte that contains benzene three nitriles and contains this electrolyteLithium rechargeable battery.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery because its specific energy is high, volume is little, quality is light, memory-less effect, the advantage extensive use such as have extended cycle lifeIn portable electric appts. But, along with the fast development of portable type electronic product, propose more next to the specific energy of lithium ionHigher requirement.
But be full of under electricity condition, the whole chemical system of lithium rechargeable battery has high chemism. When electronics producesWhen product continue to use or environment temperature raises, all may make lithium rechargeable battery in the condition of high temperature, at this moment as anodal activeThe metal oxide of material demonstrates very strong oxidisability, and easy and electrolyte generation oxidation reaction, causes electrolyte decomposition.In addition,, along with the high voltage words of lithium rechargeable battery, electrolyte can aggravate in the oxidation Decomposition on anodal surface, causes lithium ionThe storge quality of secondary cell declines. Therefore, suppressing electrolyte and positive electrode active materials oxidation reaction is before to prevent lithium ionThe key that secondary cell high-temperature storage performance worsens.
Current in order to improve the energy density of lithium rechargeable battery, mainly to adopt some nickel element content the to increase active material of positive poleMaterial, as nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide etc. But the positive electrode active materials of high nickel content at charge cutoff voltageGao Shi, can improve positive plate oxidation uh management, cause the problem of oxidation of electrolyte more serious. Therefore for this high-energyPositive electrode active materials or when lithium rechargeable battery is in the time that high voltage uses, solve the decomposition of electrolyte particularly urgent.
Summary of the invention
In view of the existing problem of background technology, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electrolyte for lithium ion battery, itsOperating voltage, in the time that 4.2V is above, can effectively suppresses the oxidation of electrolyte and improve the high-temperature storage characteristics of lithium rechargeable batteryCan, solving that lithium rechargeable battery stores at high pressure-temperature is the decomposition of the electrolyte that causes and the lithium ion secondary electricity causing thusThe problem of pond inflatable.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
An electrolyte that contains benzene three nitriles, comprises organic solvent, electric conducting lithium salt and additive, wherein: described organic solvent choosingFor cyclic carbonate and linear carbonates more than one, described additive structural formula (1) is as follows:
The service property (quality) of described additive is equivalent to 0.1%～10% of described lithium salts and described organic solvent gross mass.
Described organic solvent comprises cyclic carbonate ester solvent and linear carbonate solvent, and cyclic carbonate ester solvent and linear carbonate are moltenThe proportioning of agent is that mass ratio is 1:1～3:2, and the final concentration of electric conducting lithium salt is 0.8～1.5mol/L.
Described cyclic carbonate ester solvent be ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton and γ-More than one in valerolactone.
Described linear carbonate solvent be in dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or methyl propyl carbonate at leastA kind of.
Described electric conducting lithium salt is lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6), LiBF4 (LiBF4), dioxalic acid lithium borate (LiBOB), twoFluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borate (LiDFOB), trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium (LiSO3CF3), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), hexafluoroarsenate lithium(LiAsF6), bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium (Li (CF3SO2)2N) at least one in.
Described electrolyte also comprises conventional additive, described typical additives be vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate,Propane sultone, butyl sultone, sulfuric acid vinyl ester, adiponitrile, succinonitrile, LiBOB, LiDFOB, in more than one,Described typical additives accounts for the 0.1-5.0% of nonaqueous electrolytic solution gross mass.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation side of the described electrolyte that contains benzene three nitriles for lithium rechargeable batteryMethod.
A kind of preparation method of electrolyte:
(1) organic solvent is mixed to rear use in proportionMolecular sieve, calcium hydride, lithium hydride clarification, dewater;
(2) at ambient temperature, electric conducting lithium salt is dissolved in above-mentioned organic solvent, and stirs;
(3) add typical additives, and stir; Add additive, make the electrolyte that contains benzene three nitriles of the present invention.
A kind of lithium rechargeable battery, comprises positive electrode active materials, negative active core-shell material and barrier film, also comprises of the present inventionThe electrolyte that contains benzene three nitriles.
Described positive electrode active materials is a kind of lithium-containing transition metal oxide, more than one that positive electrode active materials is following material:LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMnO2、LiMn2O4、Li(NiaCobMnc)O2(0<a<1,0<b<1,0<C<1,a+b+C＝1)、 LiNi1-yMnyO2、LiNi1-yMnyO2(0≦z≦2)、LiMx(PO4)y(M is Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, V, 0≤x≤5,0≤y≤ 5); Negative active core-shell material be one in material with carbon element, lithium metal, silicon or tin and the oxide thereof that can embed/deviate from lithium ion withOn; Barrier film be from weaving cotton cloth, nonwoven, synthetic resin micro-porous film any.
The invention has the advantages that:
Described benzene three nitriles and transition metal have stronger complexing, can effectively suppress the stripping of positive plate transition metal,Can, at positive plate surface enrichment, form layer protecting film, suppress the catalytic decomposition of electrolyte component on positive plate surface, therebyImprove the high-temperature storage performance of secondary cell.
Detailed description of the invention
Further detailed explanation the present invention of following examples, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
(1) by cyclic carbonate ester solvent ethylene carbonate (EC) and linear carbonate solvent methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate(DEC) EC: EMC:DEC=3:5:2 mixes in mass ratio, and adopts molecular sieve, calcium hydride, lithium hydride pureEliminate assorted, dewater;
(2) at ambient temperature, by electric conducting lithium salt LiPF6Be dissolved in the solvent that step (1) obtains, final concentration is 1.0mol/L, stirsMix evenly, obtain common electrolyte;
(3) in the common electrolyte of preparing in step (2), be added into TFMS trifluoro ethyl ester, consumption is electrolyte quality1.5%; Obtain the high-voltage electrolyte for lithium ion battery.
Embodiment 2
(1) by cyclic carbonate ester solvent ethylene carbonate (EC) and linear carbonate solvent methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate(DEC) EC: EMC:DEC=3:5:2 mixes in mass ratio, adopts molecular sieve, calcium hydride, lithium hydride purifyingRemoval of impurities, dewater;
(2) at ambient temperature, by electric conducting lithium salt LiPF6Be dissolved in the solvent that step (1) obtains, final concentration is 1mol/L, stirsMix evenly, be made into common electrolyte;
(3) in the common electrolyte of preparing in step (2), add TFMS trifluoro ethyl ester, consumption is electrolyte quality 0.5%;Obtain the high voltage functionality electrolyte for lithium ion battery.
Embodiment 3
(1) by cyclic carbonate ester solvent ethylene carbonate (EC) and linear carbonate solvent methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate(DEC) EC: EMC:DEC=3:5:2 mixes in mass ratio, adopts molecular sieve, calcium hydride, lithium hydride purifying to removeMix, dewater;
(2) at ambient temperature, by electric conducting lithium salt LiPF6Be dissolved in the solvent that step (1) obtains, final concentration is 1.0mol/L,Stir, be made into common electrolyte;
(3) in the common electrolyte of preparing in step (2), add TFMS trifluoro ethyl ester, consumption is electrolyte quality 1%; ?To the boracic film forming function electrolyte for lithium ion battery.
Embodiment 4
(1) by cyclic carbonate ester solvent ethylene carbonate (EC) and linear carbonate solvent methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate(DEC) EC: EMC:DEC=3:5:2 mixes in mass ratio, adopts molecular sieve, calcium hydride, lithium hydride purifyingRemoval of impurities, dewater;
(2) at ambient temperature, by electric conducting lithium salt LiClO4Be dissolved in the solvent that step (1) obtains, final concentration is 1.0mol/L,Stir, be made into common electrolyte;
(3) in the common electrolyte of preparing in step (2), add TFMS trifluoro ethyl ester, consumption is electrolyte quality 2%; ?To the high-voltage electrolyte for lithium ion battery.
Embodiment 5
(1) by cyclic carbonate ester solvent ethylene carbonate (EC) and linear carbonate solvent methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate(DEC) EC: EMC:DEC=3:5:2 mixes in mass ratio, adopts molecular sieve, calcium hydride, lithium hydride purifyingRemoval of impurities, dewater;
(2) at ambient temperature, by electric conducting lithium salt LiAsF6Be dissolved in the solvent that step (1) obtains, final concentration is 1.2mol/L,Stir, be made into common electrolyte;
(3) in the common electrolyte of preparing in step (2), add TFMS trifluoro ethyl ester, consumption is electrolyte quality2%; Obtain the high-voltage electrolyte for lithium ion battery.
Embodiment 6
(1) by cyclic carbonate ester solvent ethylene carbonate (EC) and linear carbonate solvent methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate(DEC) EC: EMC:DEC=3:5:2 mixes in mass ratio, adopts molecular sieve, calcium hydride, lithium hydride purifyingRemoval of impurities, dewater;
(2) at ambient temperature, by electric conducting lithium salt Li (CF3SO2)2N is dissolved in the solvent that step (1) obtains, and final concentration is1.2mol/L, stirs, and is made into common electrolyte;
(3) in the common electrolyte of preparing in step (2), add TFMS trifluoro ethyl ester, consumption is electrolyte quality 1.5%;Obtain the high-voltage electrolyte for lithium ion battery.
Embodiment 7
(1) by cyclic carbonate ester solvent ethylene carbonate (EC) and linear carbonate solvent methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate(DEC) EC: EMC:DEC=3:5:2 mixes in mass ratio, adopts molecular sieve, calcium hydride, lithium hydride purifyingRemoval of impurities, dewater;
(2) at ambient temperature, by electric conducting lithium salt LiC (CF3SO2)3Be dissolved in the solvent that step (1) obtains, final concentration is1.2mol/L, stirs, and is made into common electrolyte;
(3) in the common electrolyte of preparing in step (2), add TFMS trifluoro ethyl ester, consumption is electrolyte quality 0.5%;Obtain the high-voltage electrolyte for lithium ion battery.
The high-voltage electrolyte of lithium ion battery prepared embodiment 1-7 and common electrolyte are assembled into lithium secondary battery, and performance is as followsTable
Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments,Other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitutes, combination, simplify, all shouldFor equivalent substitute mode, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an electrolyte that contains 1,3,5-benzene, three nitriles, comprises organic solvent, electric conducting lithium salt and additive, itsIn: described organic solvent is elected more than one of cyclic carbonate and linear carbonates as, described interpolationAgent structural formula (1) is as follows:
2. the electrolyte that contains 1,3,5-benzene, three nitriles according to claim 1, the use matter of described additiveThe percentage that amount accounts for described lithium salts and described organic solvent gross mass is 0.1%～10%.
3. the electrolyte that contains 1,3,5-benzene, three nitriles according to claim 1, described organic solvent comprises ringShape carbonate solvent and linear carbonate solvent, the joining of cyclic carbonate ester solvent and linear carbonate solventThan being 1:1～3:2 for mass ratio, the final concentration of electric conducting lithium salt is 0.8～1.5mol/L.
4. the electrolyte that contains 1,3,5-benzene, three nitriles according to claim 2, described cyclic carbonate is moltenAgent is ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton and gamma-valerolactoneIn more than one.
5. the electrolyte that contains 1,3,5-benzene, three nitriles according to claim 2, described linear carbonate is moltenAgent is at least one in dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or methyl propyl carbonate.
6. the electrolyte that contains 1,3,5-benzene, three nitriles according to claim 1, described electric conducting lithium salt is sixLithium fluophosphate (LiPF6), LiBF4 (LiBF4), dioxalic acid lithium borate (LiBOB), difluoro grassAcid lithium borate (LiDFOB), trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium (LiSO3CF3), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4)、Hexafluoroarsenate lithium (LiAsF6), bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium (Li (CF3SO2)2N) at least one inKind.
7. the electrolyte that contains 1,3,5-benzene, three nitriles according to claim 1, described electrolyte also comprises oftenWith additive, described typical additives is vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, the third sulphurAcid lactone, butyl sultone, sulfuric acid vinyl ester, adiponitrile, succinonitrile, LiBOB, LiDFOB,In more than one, described typical additives accounts for the 0.1-10.0% of nonaqueous electrolytic solution gross mass.
8. the preparation method of an electrolyte:
(1) organic solvent is mixed in proportion rear use 5 molecular sieves, calcium hydride, lithium hydride clarification,Dewater;
(2) at ambient temperature, electric conducting lithium salt is dissolved in above-mentioned organic solvent, and stirs;
(3) add typical additives, and stir; Add additive, make claim 1-7 arbitraryThe electrolyte that contains 1,3,5-benzene, three nitriles described in.
9. a lithium rechargeable battery, comprises positive electrode active materials, negative active core-shell material and barrier film, also comprisesThe electrolyte that contains benzene three nitriles described in claim 1-7 any one.
10. lithium rechargeable battery according to claim 9, described positive electrode active materials is a kind of containing lithium mistakeCross metal oxide, more than one that positive electrode active materials is following material: LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMnO2、LiMn2O4、Li(NiaCobMnc)O2(0<a<1,0<b<1,0<C<1,a+b+C＝1)、LiNi1-yMnyO2、LiNi1-yMnyO2(0≦z≦2)、LiMx(PO4)y(M be Ni, Co, Mn,Ti, V, 0≤x≤5,0≤y≤5); Negative active core-shell material be the material with carbon element that can embed/deviate from lithium ion,More than one in lithium metal, silicon or tin and oxide thereof; Barrier film is for oneself weaves cotton cloth, nonwoven, syntheticAny of resin micro-porous film.
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| CN201610009642.7A CN105591156A (en) | 2016-01-04 | 2016-01-04 | Electrolyte containing tricyanobenzene and lithium ion secondary battery containing electrolyte |
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| CN201610009642.7A CN105591156A (en) | 2016-01-04 | 2016-01-04 | Electrolyte containing tricyanobenzene and lithium ion secondary battery containing electrolyte |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106976401A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-07-25 | 张廷祥 | A kind of graphene lithium battery super capacitor dual intensity operated control method and system |
| CN107680827A (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2018-02-09 | 五河县绍峰电器有限公司 | A kind of ultracapacitor is electrolysed matter |
| CN112771022A (en) * | 2018-10-04 | 2021-05-07 | 魁北克电力公司 | Additive for electrolytes in Li-ion batteries |
| CN114342120A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2022-04-12 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| CN117239230A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-12-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Lithium-ion battery electrolyte additive, lithium-ion battery electrolyte and preparation method thereof |
| CN118659033A (en) * | 2024-08-06 | 2024-09-17 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Electrolyte, battery pack and electric equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106976401A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-07-25 | 张廷祥 | A kind of graphene lithium battery super capacitor dual intensity operated control method and system |
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| CN117239230A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-12-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Lithium-ion battery electrolyte additive, lithium-ion battery electrolyte and preparation method thereof |
| CN117239230B (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2024-06-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte additive, lithium ion battery electrolyte and preparation method of lithium ion battery electrolyte additive |
| CN118659033A (en) * | 2024-08-06 | 2024-09-17 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Electrolyte, battery pack and electric equipment |
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