CN105576273A - Reversible recycling green energy conversion system and conversion method - Google Patents
Reversible recycling green energy conversion system and conversion method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可逆循环绿色能源转换系统及转换方法,系统集成了电化学发电和储能技术;包括对称固体氧化物燃料电池(SSOFC)发电系统、对称固体氧化物电解池(SSOEC)产氢系统、余热回收系统、气体分离系统、储氢系统、储氧系统、储水系统、高温水蒸气产生系统、辅助燃料系统、电力转换系统及相应控制系统。通过SSOFC发电系统将化学能直接转化为电能,通过电力转换系统并入交流电网。由于SSOFC和SSOEC均采用了对称结构,整个系统可以改变气流方向使得SSOFC-SSOEC系统变为SSOEC-SSOFC系统,实现发电和储能的可逆转换。本发明可逆能源转换系统具有容量大、寿命长、成本低、能源转换效率高及环境友好等优势,且其各主要组成部分的技术较成熟,在新能源领域具有极其广阔的应用前景。
The invention discloses a reversible cycle green energy conversion system and conversion method. The system integrates electrochemical power generation and energy storage technologies; including a symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell (SSOFC) power generation system and a symmetrical solid oxide electrolytic cell (SSOEC) power generation system. Hydrogen system, waste heat recovery system, gas separation system, hydrogen storage system, oxygen storage system, water storage system, high temperature steam generation system, auxiliary fuel system, power conversion system and corresponding control system. The chemical energy is directly converted into electrical energy through the SSOFC power generation system, which is incorporated into the AC grid through the power conversion system. Since both SSOFC and SSOEC adopt a symmetrical structure, the entire system can change the direction of airflow so that the SSOFC-SSOEC system becomes an SSOEC-SSOFC system, realizing the reversible conversion of power generation and energy storage. The reversible energy conversion system of the present invention has the advantages of large capacity, long life, low cost, high energy conversion efficiency, and environmental friendliness, and the technology of its main components is relatively mature, so it has extremely broad application prospects in the field of new energy.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及固体氧化物燃料电池发电系统和固体氧化物电解池制氢系统,特别涉及一种对称结构的固体氧化物燃料电池发电系统和对称结构的固体氧化物电解池制氢系统及转换方法。The invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system and a solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system, in particular to a symmetrical structure solid oxide fuel cell power generation system, a symmetrical solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system and a conversion method.
背景技术Background technique
固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)是一种具有高效率、低污染、全固态等优点的新型发电装置。由于其对多种燃料气体(氢气、碳氢化合物等)的广泛适应性,所以具有广泛的应用基础。Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a new type of power generation device with the advantages of high efficiency, low pollution, and all solid state. Due to its wide adaptability to various fuel gases (hydrogen, hydrocarbons, etc.), it has a wide application base.
SOFC的性能很大程度上受电极材料(阴极和阳极)的催化性能决定。最近的研究表明,传统SOFC的构型能被一种新的构型取代,电极材料可以同时用于阴极和阳极,即对称固体氧化物燃料电池(SSOFC)。因其具有简单的制备工艺,通过改变气流方向就可以有效解决电极表面硫中毒和碳沉积等优点,近期受到了人们的广泛重视。The performance of SOFC is largely determined by the catalytic properties of the electrode materials (cathode and anode). Recent studies have shown that the configuration of traditional SOFCs can be replaced by a new configuration in which electrode materials can be used for both cathode and anode, that is, symmetric solid oxide fuel cells (SSOFCs). Because of its simple preparation process, it can effectively solve the sulfur poisoning and carbon deposition on the electrode surface by changing the direction of the airflow, and has recently received extensive attention.
发展SSOFC技术最直接的目的就是简化SOFC的制备工艺,降低生产成本。与传统的SOFC制备工艺需要多次烧结不同,SSOFC只需要一次烧结过程就可以将电极材料和电解质烧结成形。此外,阳极和阴极都使用同一种材料,有效地改善了电极材料与电解质之间的热匹配问题。因为在传统的SOFC构型中,不仅存在阳极-电解质界面,还存在阴极-电解质界面。而在SSOFC中,只存在电极-电解质一个界面。另外一个采用SSOFC构型的主要优点是:通过简单地改变空气和燃料气的方向,可以解决电极表面硫中毒和碳沉积的问题。更重要的是如果采用的电极材料能够在多次循环的工作条件下保持性能稳定,那么这种材料也可以被用来做固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)的电极材料。The most direct purpose of developing SSOFC technology is to simplify the preparation process of SOFC and reduce the production cost. Unlike the traditional SOFC preparation process that requires multiple sinterings, SSOFC only needs one sintering process to sinter the electrode material and electrolyte into shape. In addition, the same material is used for both the anode and the cathode, which effectively improves the thermal matching problem between the electrode material and the electrolyte. Because in the conventional SOFC configuration, not only the anode-electrolyte interface but also the cathode-electrolyte interface exists. In SSOFC, there is only one electrode-electrolyte interface. Another major advantage of adopting the SSOFC configuration is that the problems of sulfur poisoning and carbon deposition on the electrode surface can be solved by simply changing the direction of air and fuel gas. More importantly, if the electrode material used can maintain stable performance under multiple cycle working conditions, then this material can also be used as an electrode material for solid oxide electrolytic cells (SOEC).
固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)则是将电能转化为化学能的电化学装置,它的运行过程可以看作是SOFC的逆过程。近期,因为SOEC比传统的低温制氢方法更高效、更有实际意义,所以吸引了众多研究者的兴趣。利用固体氧化物电解池的高温水蒸气电解技术能够克服低温电解水制氢技术的缺点,实现高效制氢。由于SOEC是SOFC的逆过程,且SOEC与SOFC结构类似,均为三明治夹层结构,所以如果选择合适的电极材料,那么SSOFC也可以用于SSOEC来制氢。The solid oxide electrolytic cell (SOEC) is an electrochemical device that converts electrical energy into chemical energy, and its operation process can be regarded as the reverse process of SOFC. Recently, SOEC has attracted the interest of many researchers because it is more efficient and practical than traditional low-temperature hydrogen production methods. The high-temperature water vapor electrolysis technology using the solid oxide electrolysis cell can overcome the shortcomings of the low-temperature electrolysis water hydrogen production technology and realize efficient hydrogen production. Since SOEC is the reverse process of SOFC, and the structure of SOEC and SOFC is similar, both of which are sandwich structures, so if suitable electrode materials are selected, then SSOFC can also be used for SSOEC to produce hydrogen.
如何将上述SSOFC-SSOEC集成为一个可逆循环能源转换系统,即对称可逆能源转换系统,并且如何使该系统能够更适合、更优异地使用和工作,成为目前研究的重点。How to integrate the above-mentioned SSOFC-SSOEC into a reversible cycle energy conversion system, that is, a symmetrical reversible energy conversion system, and how to make the system more suitable and excellent for use and work has become the focus of current research.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种由对称固体氧化物燃料电池发电装置和对称固体氧化物电解池制氢装置的可逆能源转换系统以及利用该系统的转换方法。本发明集成了电化学发电和储能技术;通过SSOFC发电系统将化学能直接转化为电能,通过电力转换系统并入交流电网。本发明的可逆能源转换系统具有容量大、寿命长、成本低、能源转换效率高及环境友好等优势。The object of the present invention is to provide a reversible energy conversion system using a symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell power generation device and a symmetrical solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production device and a conversion method using the system. The invention integrates electrochemical power generation and energy storage technology; through the SSOFC power generation system, the chemical energy is directly converted into electric energy, which is incorporated into the AC power grid through the power conversion system. The reversible energy conversion system of the invention has the advantages of large capacity, long service life, low cost, high energy conversion efficiency and environmental friendliness.
本发明采用的技术方案为:The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种可逆循环绿色能源转换系统,包括:结构对称的固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC和固体氧化物电解池SSOEC,所述结构对称的固体氧化物燃料电池和固体氧化物电解池SSOEC阳极和阴极材料一致,电解质采用阳离子导体和质子导体的致密陶瓷薄膜;其中:A reversible cycle green energy conversion system, comprising: a structurally symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC and a solid oxide electrolytic cell SSOEC, the anode and cathode materials of the structurally symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell and solid oxide electrolytic cell SSOEC are consistent , the electrolyte uses a dense ceramic film of cation conductor and proton conductor; where:
固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC,用于将发电产生电能为用户和固体氧化物电解池SSOEC的产氢系统提供电能;Solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC, which is used to generate electricity to provide electricity for users and the hydrogen production system of solid oxide electrolytic cell SSOEC;
固体氧化物电解池SSOEC,用于在电极材料的催化作用下将高温水蒸气生成氢气和氧气;Solid oxide electrolytic cell SSOEC, used to generate hydrogen and oxygen from high-temperature water vapor under the catalysis of electrode materials;
燃料供给控制系统,通过控制燃料气的流速将燃料气提供给固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC的发电电池堆;The fuel supply control system provides the fuel gas to the power generation cell stack of the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC by controlling the flow rate of the fuel gas;
热管理系统,用于将固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC的发电电池堆所产生的热量回收,为高温水蒸气产生系统提供热源;The thermal management system is used to recover the heat generated by the power generation cell stack of the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC, and provide a heat source for the high-temperature water vapor generation system;
氧化气供给控制系统,用于收集固体氧化物电解池SSOEC的产氢系统阳极侧所产生的氧气,为固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC的发电电池堆供氧;The oxidation gas supply control system is used to collect the oxygen produced on the anode side of the hydrogen production system of the solid oxide electrolytic cell SSOEC, and supply oxygen to the power generation cell stack of the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC;
气体分离系统,用于将固体氧化物电解池SSOEC的产氢系统产生氢气和水蒸汽混合气进行干燥、分离,为固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC的发电电池堆提供纯氢气;The gas separation system is used to dry and separate the mixed gas of hydrogen and water vapor generated by the hydrogen production system of the solid oxide electrolytic cell SSOEC, and provide pure hydrogen for the power generation cell stack of the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC;
所述固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC通过燃料供给控制系统与燃料存储罐相连通,固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC一路连通热管理系统,另一路连通负载/用户;热管理系统经高温水蒸气产生系统连通水蒸气供给控制系统至固体氧化物电解池SSOEC,固体氧化物电解池SSOEC一路依次经氧化气供给控制系统、氧气循环系统连通至固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC,另一路经气体分离系统连通至燃料供给控制系统;The solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC is connected to the fuel storage tank through the fuel supply control system. One path of the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC is connected to the thermal management system, and the other path is connected to the load/user; the thermal management system is connected to the water tank through the high-temperature water vapor generation system. The steam supply control system is connected to the solid oxide electrolytic cell SSOEC, and one path of the solid oxide electrolytic cell SSOEC is connected to the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC through the oxidation gas supply control system and the oxygen circulation system in turn, and the other path is connected to the fuel supply control system through the gas separation system system;
所述固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC和固体氧化物电解池SSOEC可互换使用。The solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC and the solid oxide electrolytic cell SSOEC can be used interchangeably.
进一步,所述固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC分别通过燃料供给控制系统供给燃料气,通过空气进口供给空气,通过固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC产生的氧气经氧化气供给控制系统和氧气循环系统供给氧气。Further, the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC is supplied with fuel gas through the fuel supply control system, air is supplied through the air inlet, and the oxygen generated by the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC is supplied with oxygen through the oxidizing gas supply control system and the oxygen circulation system.
进一步,所述固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC通过DC/AC转化器分别连接至用户和固体氧化物电解池SSOEC。Further, the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC is respectively connected to the user and the solid oxide electrolytic cell SSOEC through a DC/AC converter.
进一步,所述气体分离系统与燃料供给控制系统之间设有储放氢系统。Further, a hydrogen storage and discharge system is provided between the gas separation system and the fuel supply control system.
相应地,本发明给出了一种可逆循环绿色能源转换方法,包括两种模式:Correspondingly, the present invention provides a reversible cycle green energy conversion method, including two modes:
A模式:SSOFC发电-SSOEC产氢Mode A: SSOFC power generation-SSOEC hydrogen production
1)开启燃料存储罐,将燃料气氢气通过燃料供给控制系统调节控制通入固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC的发电电池堆阳极侧的燃料气的流速;1) Open the fuel storage tank, adjust and control the flow rate of the fuel gas passing into the anode side of the power generation cell stack of the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC through the fuel supply control system to regulate and control the fuel gas hydrogen;
2)同时,在固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC的发电电池堆阴极侧通入氧气,控制进氧量;或转变通入气流的方向,在阴极通入燃料气,阳极通入氧化气,并开启空气进口阀,调节进入固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC的发电电池堆的空气流量;2) At the same time, feed oxygen into the cathode side of the power generation cell stack of the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC to control the amount of oxygen intake; or change the direction of the air flow, feed the fuel gas into the cathode, feed the oxidizing gas into the anode, and open the air Inlet valve to regulate the air flow into the power generation cell stack of the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC;
3)加热固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC至一定温度,发电产生的电能通过DC/AC转化器将发出的直流电转换为交流电,实现发电功能,分别为用户和SSOEC产氢系统供电;3) Heating the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC to a certain temperature, and the electric energy generated by power generation converts the direct current into alternating current through the DC/AC converter to realize the power generation function and supply power to the user and the SSOEC hydrogen production system respectively;
4)固体氧化物电解池SSOEC的产氢系统在阴极侧通入高温水蒸气,加热一定温度后,则在阴极产生氢气和水蒸气,阳极产生氧气;或转变气流方向,在阳极通入高温水蒸气,则在阳极产生氢气和水蒸气,阴极产生氧气;实现产氢功能,为固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC发电电池堆提供氢气和氧气;4) The hydrogen production system of the solid oxide electrolytic cell SSOEC feeds high-temperature water vapor into the cathode side. After heating to a certain temperature, hydrogen and water vapor are generated at the cathode, and oxygen is generated at the anode; steam, hydrogen and water vapor are generated at the anode, and oxygen is generated at the cathode; the function of hydrogen production is realized, and hydrogen and oxygen are provided for the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC power generation cell stack;
5)阳极产生氧气经氧化气供给控制系统和氧气循环系统至固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC发电电池堆;5) Oxygen generated by the anode passes through the oxidation gas supply control system and the oxygen circulation system to the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC power generation cell stack;
6)在阴极产生氢气和水蒸气的混合气经气体分离系统连通至燃料供给控制系统至固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC发电电池堆;6) The mixed gas of hydrogen and water vapor generated at the cathode is connected to the fuel supply control system through the gas separation system to the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC power generation cell stack;
B模式:SSOFC产氢-SSOEC发电Mode B: SSOFC Hydrogen Production-SSOEC Power Generation
7)固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC两端阳极和阴极分别停止通入氧化气和燃料气,并同时通入氮气惰性气体作为保护气氛;然后在任意一端通入高温水蒸气,随后停止通入保护气体,则转换为SSOEC制氢模式。7) The anode and cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC stop feeding the oxidizing gas and fuel gas respectively, and at the same time feed nitrogen inert gas as a protective atmosphere; then feed high-temperature water vapor at either end, and then stop feeding the protective gas , then switch to SSOEC hydrogen production mode.
进一步,所述固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC3产生的余热经热管理系统、高温水蒸气产生系统、水蒸气供给系统至固体氧化物电解池SSOEC产氢系统。在此过程中利用余热回收系统和高温水蒸气产生系统产生高温水蒸气,将水蒸气通入SSOEC产氢系统,产生的氢气和氧气分别储存于储氢和储氧系统中,可进一步将氢气和氧气分别通入SSOFC的阴极和阳极进行发电。SSOFC发电过程生成的水可以作为SSOEC的水蒸气进行循环利用。Further, the waste heat generated by the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC3 passes through the thermal management system, the high-temperature water vapor generation system, and the water vapor supply system to the solid oxide electrolytic cell SSOEC hydrogen production system. In this process, the waste heat recovery system and the high-temperature steam generation system are used to generate high-temperature water vapor, and the water vapor is passed into the SSOEC hydrogen production system. The hydrogen and oxygen generated are stored in the hydrogen storage and oxygen storage systems respectively, and the hydrogen and oxygen can be further combined. Oxygen is passed through the cathode and anode of the SSOFC to generate electricity. The water generated in the SSOFC power generation process can be recycled as the water vapor of the SSOEC.
本发明的有益效果在于,该对称结构的固体氧化物燃料电池(SSOFC),既可以作为燃料电池发电装置,也可以作为固体氧化物电解池(SSOEC)制氢装置。SSOFC阳极侧通入氢气为辅助燃料,通入空气或氧气为氧化气进行发电,外电路可连接负载。SSOFC产生的热量通过热管理系统回收。利用热管理系统收集的热量通入高温水蒸气产生系统产生水蒸气。通过高温水蒸气控制系统将高温水蒸气通入SSOEC阴极,那么在SSOEC阳极则通过电化学反应产生氢气。再将氢气提纯后通入SSOFC的阳极作为燃料继续发电。当然,只需通过更换SSOFC-SSOEC的气流方向,则能源转换方式可变为SSOEC-SSOFC。最终,形成了一个从化学能(氢能)←→电能之间可逆的能源转换系统。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the solid oxide fuel cell (SSOFC) with a symmetrical structure can be used as a fuel cell power generation device and a solid oxide electrolytic cell (SSOEC) hydrogen production device. The anode side of the SSOFC is fed with hydrogen as auxiliary fuel, and fed with air or oxygen as oxidant gas for power generation, and the external circuit can be connected to the load. The heat generated by the SSOFC is recovered through the thermal management system. The heat collected by the thermal management system is passed into the high-temperature steam generation system to generate water vapor. The high-temperature water vapor is passed into the cathode of the SSOEC through the high-temperature water vapor control system, and hydrogen is generated through an electrochemical reaction at the anode of the SSOEC. After the hydrogen is purified, it is passed to the anode of the SSOFC as fuel to continue generating electricity. Of course, just by changing the airflow direction of SSOFC-SSOEC, the energy conversion method can be changed to SSOEC-SSOFC. Finally, a reversible energy conversion system from chemical energy (hydrogen energy) ←→ electrical energy is formed.
目前,怎样能将SOFC与SOEC完美地结合,实现储能与放电的双重应用,怎样提高其循环稳定性,在两种模式下自由切换,且保持各部件性能的稳定,并且如何降低成本,优化制备工艺,制备出可商业化的SOFC/SOEC装置,最终能实现发电和储能的联合设备是当前的一大难点和热点。首先,SSOFC的对称结构可以大大简化制备流程,降低成本。另外,可以在SSOFC的结构和材料基础上研究各部分材料在高温高湿环境下的性能。同时该过程也可以视为将电能以氢能的形式进行储存,制成的H2也可以用来燃料电池发电,起到了对大型供电系统“移峰填谷”的作用,将为“氢电联用”模式和未来氢能经济提供必要的技术支撑。SSOFC/SSOEC的模块化也为未来灵活调节制氢规模的大型和氢燃料电池发电提供了很大的便利。进一步,如果SSOEC能采用可再生能源或者先进核反应堆作为能量来源,将有希望实现氢气的高效和大规模制备。此外,SSOEC技术也可以用于CO2的减排和转化,在能源和环境问题日益严峻的今天具有极为广阔的发展前景。At present, how can SOFC and SOEC be perfectly combined to realize the dual application of energy storage and discharge, how to improve its cycle stability, freely switch between the two modes, and maintain the stability of the performance of each component, and how to reduce costs and optimize The preparation process, the preparation of commercialized SOFC/SOEC devices, and the ultimate realization of combined equipment for power generation and energy storage are currently a major difficulty and hot spot. First of all, the symmetrical structure of SSOFC can greatly simplify the preparation process and reduce the cost. In addition, on the basis of the structure and materials of SSOFC, the performance of each part of the material under high temperature and high humidity environment can be studied. At the same time, this process can also be regarded as storing electrical energy in the form of hydrogen energy, and the produced H2 can also be used for fuel cell power generation, which plays a role in "shifting peaks and filling valleys" for large-scale power supply systems, and will contribute to "hydrogen power generation". Combined use" mode and the future hydrogen energy economy provide the necessary technical support. The modularization of SSOFC/SSOEC also provides great convenience for large-scale and hydrogen fuel cell power generation that can flexibly adjust the scale of hydrogen production in the future. Further, if SSOEC can use renewable energy or advanced nuclear reactors as energy sources, it will be possible to achieve efficient and large-scale production of hydrogen. In addition, SSOEC technology can also be used for CO 2 emission reduction and conversion, and has extremely broad development prospects in today's increasingly severe energy and environmental problems.
对称结构的SSOFC/SSOEC系统仅通过改变气流方向,就可以实现从SSOFC-SSOEC到SSOEC-SSOFC能源转换方向的转变,使得电能-化学能和化学能-电能之间的可逆循环成为可能。The SSOFC/SSOEC system with symmetrical structure can realize the transformation of energy conversion direction from SSOFC-SSOEC to SSOEC-SSOFC only by changing the airflow direction, making the reversible cycle between electrical energy-chemical energy and chemical energy-electrical energy possible.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
图1为本发明SSOFC-SSOEC可逆能源转换系统结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the SSOFC-SSOEC reversible energy conversion system of the present invention.
图中:1、燃料存储罐;2、燃料供给控制系统;3、固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC(发电电池堆);4、DC/AC转化器;5、负载/用户;6、热管理系统;7、高温水蒸气产生系统;8、水蒸气供给控制系统;9、固体氧化物电解池SSOEC(产氢系统);10、氧化气供给控制系统;11、氧气循环系统;12、气体分离系统;13、储放氢系统。In the figure: 1. Fuel storage tank; 2. Fuel supply control system; 3. Solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC (power generation cell stack); 4. DC/AC converter; 5. Load/user; 6. Thermal management system; 7. High temperature water vapor generation system; 8. Water vapor supply control system; 9. Solid oxide electrolytic cell SSOEC (hydrogen production system); 10. Oxygen gas supply control system; 11. Oxygen circulation system; 12. Gas separation system; 13. Hydrogen storage and discharge system.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
图1所示,该可逆循环绿色能源转换系统,包括对称固体氧化物燃料电池(SSOFC)3(可作为发电电池堆)和对称固体氧化物电解池(SSOEC)9(可作为产氢系统),所述固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC3通过燃料供给控制系统2与燃料存储罐1相连通,固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC3一路连通热管理系统6,另一路连通负载/用户5;热管理系统6经高温水蒸气产生系统7连通水蒸气供给控制系统8至固体氧化物电解池SSOEC9,固体氧化物电解池SSOEC9一路依次经氧化气供给控制系统10、氧气循环系统11连通至固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC3,另一路经气体分离系统12连通燃料供给控制系统2至固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC3的发电电池堆。As shown in Figure 1, the reversible cycle green energy conversion system includes a symmetric solid oxide fuel cell (SSOFC) 3 (which can be used as a power generation cell stack) and a symmetric solid oxide electrolysis cell (SSOEC) 9 (which can be used as a hydrogen production system), The solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC3 is connected to the fuel storage tank 1 through the fuel supply control system 2, one path of the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC3 is connected to the thermal management system 6, and the other path is connected to the load/user 5; the thermal management system 6 is connected to the high-temperature water The steam generation system 7 is connected to the water vapor supply control system 8 to the solid oxide electrolytic cell SSOEC9, and one path of the solid oxide electrolytic cell SSOEC9 is connected to the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC3 through the oxidation gas supply control system 10 and the oxygen circulation system 11 in turn, and the other path The gas separation system 12 communicates with the fuel supply control system 2 to the power generating cell stack of the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC3.
其中,固体氧化物燃料电池(SSOFC)3分别通过燃料供给控制系统2供给燃料气,通过空气进口供给空气,通过固体氧化物电解池SSOEC9产生的氧气经氧化气供给控制系统10和氧气循环系统11供给氧气;产生的电能通过DC/AC转化器4分别给负载/用户5和固体氧化物电解池SSOEC9供电。Among them, the solid oxide fuel cell (SSOFC) 3 supplies fuel gas through the fuel supply control system 2, and supplies air through the air inlet, and the oxygen generated by the solid oxide electrolytic cell SSOEC9 is supplied to the control system 10 and the oxygen circulation system 11 through the oxidizing gas. Oxygen is supplied; the generated electric energy supplies power to load/user 5 and solid oxide electrolytic cell SSOEC9 through DC/AC converter 4 respectively.
其中,在气体分离系统12与燃料供给控制系统2之间设有储放氢系统13。Wherein, a hydrogen storage and discharge system 13 is provided between the gas separation system 12 and the fuel supply control system 2 .
本实施例中,固体氧化物燃料电池(SSOFC)3发电电池堆和对称固体氧化物电解池(SSOEC)9产氢系统是同样的结构和材料完全一致的电池堆,在使用过程中也可以只有一台电池堆,在不同时段、通入不同的气体则可以分别实现发电和储能功能。对电池堆中单电池的要求是对称结构的单电池,且主要部件在不同气氛中要有足够好的稳定性。系统中所使用的气体(氧气、氢气和水蒸气)控制系统由气体管路、气体压力表和相应的控制阀等组成,实现对所通气体种类和流速的控制调节。燃料存储罐主要由氢气气瓶或金属氢化物储氢罐等储氢设备构成。热管理系统主要包括换热器和相应管路组成。储放氢系统则包括氢气存储装置、相应控制阀和管路。In this embodiment, the solid oxide fuel cell (SSOFC) 3 power generation cell stack and the symmetrical solid oxide electrolysis cell (SSOEC) 9 hydrogen production system are cell stacks with the same structure and materials, and only A battery stack can realize the functions of power generation and energy storage respectively by feeding different gases at different times. The requirement for the single cells in the battery stack is a single cell with a symmetrical structure, and the main components must have sufficient stability in different atmospheres. The gas (oxygen, hydrogen and water vapor) control system used in the system is composed of gas pipelines, gas pressure gauges and corresponding control valves, etc., to realize the control and adjustment of the gas types and flow rates. The fuel storage tank is mainly composed of hydrogen storage equipment such as hydrogen cylinders or metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks. The thermal management system mainly consists of heat exchangers and corresponding pipelines. The hydrogen storage and discharge system includes hydrogen storage devices, corresponding control valves and pipelines.
下面分别对系统各个机构作出详细说明:The following is a detailed description of each mechanism of the system:
燃料存储罐1,作为备用燃料通入SSOFC,燃料气主要是氢气;Fuel storage tank 1 is fed into SSOFC as a backup fuel, and the fuel gas is mainly hydrogen;
燃料供给控制系统2,主要功能是控制燃料气的流速;Fuel supply control system 2, the main function is to control the flow rate of fuel gas;
固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC3,具体是对称固体氧化物燃料电池(SSOFC)发电电池堆,是本系统的核心部件之一。SSOFC的基本结构为夹层结构,中间为致密的电解质薄膜,将合适的对称电极材料丝网印刷或喷涂到电解质片两面,经高温煅烧后制成单电池片,最后将单电池片和其它部件组装成电池堆。The solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC3, specifically the symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell (SSOFC) power generation cell stack, is one of the core components of the system. The basic structure of SSOFC is a sandwich structure with a dense electrolyte film in the middle. Appropriate symmetrical electrode materials are screen-printed or sprayed on both sides of the electrolyte sheet, and then calcined at high temperature to make a single-cell sheet. Finally, the single-cell sheet and other components are assembled. into a battery stack.
DC/AC转化器4,其主要功能是将SSOFC发出的直流电转换为交流电;DC/AC converter 4, whose main function is to convert the direct current sent by the SSOFC into alternating current;
负载/用户5,SSOFC所产生的直流电经DC/AC转化器后可以为负载/用户提供源源不断的电能;Load/user 5, the direct current generated by SSOFC can provide load/user with continuous power after passing through the DC/AC converter;
热管理系统6,其主要功能是将SSOFC发电过程中所产生的热量进行回收,然后为高温水蒸气产生系统提供热源;Thermal management system 6, whose main function is to recover the heat generated during the SSOFC power generation process, and then provide heat source for the high-temperature steam generation system;
高温水蒸气产生系统7,该系统主要利用热管理系统的热量加热液态水,使只变为高温水蒸气。产生的高温水蒸气可以通入SSOEC电池堆反应生成氢气和氧气;High temperature water vapor generation system 7, this system mainly utilizes the heat of the heat management system to heat liquid water, so that it only becomes high temperature water vapor. The generated high-temperature water vapor can be passed into the SSOEC cell stack to generate hydrogen and oxygen;
水蒸气供给控制系统8,其功能主要是调节高温水蒸气的流速和流量;Water vapor supply control system 8, its main function is to adjust the flow rate and flow rate of high temperature water vapor;
对称固体氧化物电解池(SSOEC)9,其结构与固体氧化物燃料电池SSOFC3发电电池堆的结构一致,也是对称结构,是本系统的核心部件之一。其主要功能是将高温水蒸气在电极材料的催化作用下生成氢气和氧气;The symmetrical solid oxide electrolytic cell (SSOEC) 9, whose structure is consistent with that of the solid oxide fuel cell SSOFC3 power generation cell stack, is also a symmetrical structure, and is one of the core components of the system. Its main function is to generate hydrogen and oxygen from high-temperature water vapor under the catalytic action of electrode materials;
氧化气供给控制系统10,其主要功能是收集SSOEC阳极侧所产生的氧气,并对氧气的流速进行调节;Oxidant gas supply control system 10, its main function is to collect the oxygen generated on the anode side of the SSOEC, and adjust the flow rate of oxygen;
氧气循环系统11,其功能主要是将氧化气供给系统中的氧化气通入SSOFC中的阴极侧;Oxygen circulation system 11, its function is mainly to pass the oxidizing gas in the oxidizing gas supply system to the cathode side in the SSOFC;
气体分离系统12,其主要功能是将SSOEC产生氢气和水蒸汽混合气进行干燥、分离,得到纯的氢气;Gas separation system 12, its main function is to dry and separate the mixed gas of hydrogen and water vapor generated by SSOEC to obtain pure hydrogen;
储放氢系统13,其主要功能是储存SSOEC中产生的氢气,另外,可以释放储存的氢气给SSOFC提供燃料气。The main function of the hydrogen storage and discharge system 13 is to store the hydrogen produced in the SSOEC, and in addition, it can release the stored hydrogen to provide fuel gas to the SSOFC.
本系统主要的工作原理如下:The main working principle of this system is as follows:
SSOFC:是一种对称结构的固体氧化物燃料电池,该类电池采用的阳极和阴极材料一致,电解质采用的是阳离子导体和质子导体的致密陶瓷薄膜。将电极材料制成浆料,丝网印刷或喷涂在电解质膜表面,高温煅烧后形成多孔结构,利于气体的扩散和传输。煅烧后的片状电池称为单电池,将单电池组装成电池堆就形成对称结构的固体氧化物燃料电池堆。重要的是,该电池堆也可以用于对称固体氧化物电解池(SSOEC)。如作为SSOFC,则在阴极一端通入氧化气(空气),另外阳极一端通入燃料气,加热一定温度后,连接外电路就可以实现发电。转变通入气流的方向,在阴极通入燃料气,阳极通入氧化气,也可以继续发电(可以有效地除去沉积在阳极的碳和解决硫中毒现象)。如作为SSOEC,在阴极侧通入高温水蒸气,加热一定温度后,则在阴极产生氢气,阳极产生氧气,实现产氢功能。如将气流方向转变,如在阳极通入高温水蒸气,则相应的原来的阳极变为SSOEC的阴极,产生氢气,原来的阴极则变为SSOEC的阳极,产生氧气。如运行状态为SSOFC,通入阴极一端的为氧化气,通入另外一端的为燃料气,这时为发电模式。此时,两端分别停止通入氧化气和燃料气,并同时通入氮气等惰性气体作为保护气氛;然后在任意一端通入高温水蒸气,随后停止通入保护气体,则可转换为SSOEC制氢模式。SSOFC: It is a solid oxide fuel cell with a symmetrical structure. This type of battery uses the same anode and cathode materials, and the electrolyte uses a dense ceramic film of cation conductor and proton conductor. The electrode material is made into a slurry, screen printed or sprayed on the surface of the electrolyte membrane, and calcined at a high temperature to form a porous structure, which is conducive to the diffusion and transmission of gases. The calcined sheet battery is called a single cell, and the single cell is assembled into a cell stack to form a symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell stack. Importantly, the stack can also be used in symmetric solid oxide electrolysis cells (SSOEC). For example, as an SSOFC, the oxidizing gas (air) is fed into the cathode end, and the fuel gas is fed into the anode end. After heating to a certain temperature, it can be connected to an external circuit to realize power generation. Change the direction of the air flow, feed the fuel gas at the cathode, and feed the oxidizing gas at the anode, and continue to generate electricity (it can effectively remove the carbon deposited on the anode and solve the phenomenon of sulfur poisoning). For example, as an SSOEC, high-temperature water vapor is introduced into the cathode side, and after heating to a certain temperature, hydrogen is generated at the cathode, and oxygen is generated at the anode to realize the hydrogen production function. If the air flow direction is changed, such as high-temperature water vapor is introduced into the anode, the corresponding original anode becomes the cathode of the SSOEC to generate hydrogen, and the original cathode becomes the anode of the SSOEC to generate oxygen. If the operating state is SSOFC, the one end of the cathode is the oxidizing gas, and the other end is the fuel gas. At this time, it is the power generation mode. At this time, stop feeding oxidizing gas and fuel gas at both ends, and feed inert gas such as nitrogen as a protective atmosphere at the same time; then feed high-temperature water vapor at either end, and then stop feeding protective gas, then it can be converted to SSOEC Hydrogen mode.
本系统通过SSOFC和SSOEC连用,该过程也可以看作将电能以氢能的形式进行储存,所制成的氢气又可以用来燃料电池发电,可以起到对大型供电系统“移峰填谷”的作用,将为未来氢能经济和“氢电联用”模式提供非常有力的技术支撑。具有设备简单、制造流程简化、低成本、能量转换效率高(实际>50%)且无污染等优点。由于是对称结构,只需通过更换SSOFC-SSOEC的气流方向,则能源转换方式可变为SSOEC-SSOFC,一套设备则可实现发电和制氢储能自由切换实现能源的可逆循环转换。This system is used together through SSOFC and SSOEC. This process can also be regarded as storing electrical energy in the form of hydrogen energy, and the hydrogen produced can be used for fuel cell power generation, which can "shift peaks and fill valleys" for large-scale power supply systems. The role of this will provide very strong technical support for the future hydrogen energy economy and the "hydrogen-electricity combination" model. The invention has the advantages of simple equipment, simplified manufacturing process, low cost, high energy conversion efficiency (actually >50%) and no pollution. Due to the symmetrical structure, only by changing the airflow direction of SSOFC-SSOEC, the energy conversion method can be changed to SSOEC-SSOFC, and a set of equipment can realize the free switching of power generation and hydrogen production energy storage to realize the reversible cycle conversion of energy.
表1几种系统的功能和效率比较:Table 1 Function and efficiency comparison of several systems:
从上可以看出,本发明可逆循环绿色能源转换系统相对于传统的SOFC或SOEC,其功能能够相互转换,且发电效率和电解效率得到了大大的提高,本系统适于推广使用。It can be seen from the above that, compared with the traditional SOFC or SOEC, the reversible cycle green energy conversion system of the present invention can convert its functions to each other, and the power generation efficiency and electrolysis efficiency have been greatly improved. This system is suitable for popularization and use.
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