CN105560749A - 一种治疗形体疲劳的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗形体疲劳的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗形体疲劳的中药组合物及其制备方法。该组合物是由黑老虎根、牛膝、桂枝、独活、鸡血藤、建栀、牛尾菜、红杜仲、鹅不食草、樟脑为原料制备而成的。本发明还提供了这种治疗形体疲劳的中药组合物制备方法。动物药效学结果显示:服用本发明的大鼠,在抗大鼠形体疲劳实验中,可提高形体疲劳大鼠各种运动状态下的红细胞、血红蛋白、促红细胞生成素的含量(P<0.01或P<0.05),提高形体疲劳大鼠的红细胞比容(P<0.01),明显优于模型组。可以认为本发明能有效改善大鼠缺氧的发生,从而缓解形体疲劳。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药卫生领域,具体涉及一种治疗形体疲劳的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
疲劳是机体内所发生的一系列复杂的生化变化过程。据国际运动生化会议对疲劳的定义为:“机体的生理过程,不能将能保持在一特定水平或各器官不能维持其预定的运动强度时,称为疲劳”。疲劳是防止机体发生威胁生命的过度机能衰竭所产生的一种保护性反应,产生疲劳时即提醒应减低工作强度或终止运动,以免机体损伤。按疲劳发生部位的不同,可分为中枢神经疲劳、神经-肌肉接点疲劳和肢体的外周疲劳三类。
运动性形体疲劳缓解与恢复的方法主要有:1、改善代谢法:指用各种方法使肌肉放松,改善肌肉血液循环,加速代谢产物排出。常用的方法有:整理活动、水浴、蒸气浴、理疗、按摩等。2、调节神经系统法:通过调节中枢神经系统,降低交感神经兴奋性,增加迷走神经的兴奋性,加强机体的合成代谢功能,使机体的机能水平尽快恢复。常用方法有:睡眠法、心理疗法、音乐疗法等。3、补充法:通过补充机体在运动中大量流失的能源物质,促使运动疲劳的消除。主要包括营养物质的补充和中医药的调理。
中国专利申请CN02125500.8公开一种抗疲劳复方中药方剂及其制备方法,其成分主要包括:人参、沙参、生黄芪、灸黄芪、生甘草、炙甘草、黄精、白术、当归、厚朴、何首乌、玉竹;升麻、柴胡、荷叶、辛夷、葛根、防风、荆芥、羌活、独活、苍术、黄柏、茵陈、鹿角、龟板、狗脊、骨碎补、萆、牛膝、杜仲、继断、丹皮;茯苓、麦冬、干姜、陈皮、法半夏、木香、砂仁、白芍、枸杞子、地骨皮、香附、贝母、合欢皮、瓜蒌、泽泻、焦栀子;川芎、远志、银花、肉桂。以提高疗效为宗旨,在配方设计上以补益为原则,并根据病理属性的不同,分别采取补益脾、肾先后天,理气机升降浮沉;温肝阳,益肝气,养肝血,化痰瘀,以祛除治疗疲劳之本。
现有技术方案组方太复杂,服用群体限制较大,需要提供一种顺应市场需要,方便较大人群服用的药物。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种治疗形体疲劳的中药组合物;
本发明的另一目的是提供一种治疗形体疲劳的中药组合物的制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过下列的技术方案实现的:
本发明所述的治疗形体疲劳的中药组合物,是由以下重量份的原料制备而成的:黑老虎根135-170份、牛膝70-82份、桂枝13-18份、独活70-82份、鸡血藤73-85份、建栀70-82份、牛尾菜70-82份、红杜仲70-82份、鹅不食草70-82份、樟脑2-5份。
优选地,是由以下重量份的原料制备而成的:
黑老虎根153份、牛膝76份、桂枝15份、独活76份、鸡血藤76份、建栀76份、牛尾菜76份、红杜仲76份、鹅不食草76份、樟脑3份。
以下是本发明的药材来源:
黑老虎根:为木兰科植物厚叶五味子Kadsuracoccinea(Lem.)A.C.Smith的干燥根。收载于《中国药典》1977年版。或海风藤,即异型南五味子Kadsuraheteroclita(Roxb.)Craib的干燥藤茎,收载于《广西中药材标准》。【性味】甘、微辛,温。【功能与主治】祛风散寒,行气止痛,舒筋活络。用于风湿性关节炎,腰肌劳损,感冒,产后风瘫。
牛膝:为苋科植物牛膝AchyranthesbidentataBl.的干燥根。冬季茎叶枯萎时采挖,除去须根和泥沙,捆成小把,晒至于皱后,将顶端切齐,晒干。【性味与归经】苦、甘、酸,平。归肝、肾经。【功能与主治】逐瘀通经,补肝肾,强筋骨,利尿通淋,引血下行。用于经闭,痛经,腰膝酸痛,筋骨无力,淋证,水肿,头痛,眩晕,牙痛,日疮,吐血,衄血。
桂枝:为樟科植物肉桂CinnamomumcassiaPresl的干燥嫩枝。春、夏二季采收,除去叶,晒干,或切片晒干。【性味】辛、甘,温。归心、肺、膀胱经。【功能与主治】发汗解肌,温通经脉,助阳化气,平冲降气。用于风寒感冒,脘腹冷痛,血寒经闭,关节痹痛,痰饮,水肿,心悸,奔豚。
独活:本品为伞形科植物重齿毛当归AngelicapubescensMaxim.f.biserrataShanetYuan的干燥根。春初苗刚发芽或秋末茎叶枯萎时采挖,除去须根和泥沙,烘至半干,堆置2~3天,发软后再烘至全干。【性味与归经】辛、苦,微温。归肾、膀胱经。【功能与主治】祛风除湿,通痹止痛。用于风寒湿痹,腰膝疼痛,少阴伏风头痛风寒挟湿头痛。
鸡血藤:为豆科植物密花豆SpatholobussuberectusDunn的干燥藤茎。秋、冬二季采收,除去枝叶,切片,晒干。【性味与归经】苦、甘,温。归肝、肾经。【功能与主治】活血补血,调经止痛,舒筋活络。用于月经不调,痛经,经闭,风湿痹痛,麻木瘫痪,血虚萎黄。
建栀:为茜草科植物大花桅子GardeniajasminoidesEllisvar.grandillora(Lour.)Nakai的干燥成熟果实。10月左右采集果实,剪去宿存的花萼头,晒干或煮后晒干或烘干。【性味】苦,寒。【功能与主治】消肿活络。用于治跌扑损伤扭挫伤,皮肤青肿疼痛。
牛尾菜:菝葜科植物牛尾菜SmilaxripariaA.DC.的干燥根机根茎。夏、秋季采挖,除去藤茎及泥沙,晒干。【性味】甘、苦、平。【功能与主治】舒筋通络,补气活血,祛痰止咳。用于筋骨疼痛,气虚浮肿,跌打损伤,咳嗽吐血。
红杜仲:为夹竹桃科植物红杜仲藤ParabariumchunianumTsiang、毛杜仲藤ParabariumhuaitingiiChunetTsiang、杜仲藤Parabariummicranthun(A.DC.)Pierre或花皮胶藤EcdysantherautilisHay.etKaw.的干燥树皮。全年可采,剥取树皮、干燥。【性味与归经】苦、涩、微辛,平。【功能与主治】祛风活络,壮腰膝,强筋骨,消肿。用于小儿麻痹,风湿骨痛,跌打损伤。
鹅不食草:为菊科植物鹅不食草Centipedaminima(L.)A.Br.etAschers.的干燥全草。夏、秋二季花开时采收,洗去泥沙,晒干。【性味与归经】辛,温。归肺经。【功能与主治】发散风寒,通鼻窍,止咳。用于风寒头痛,咳嗽痰多,鼻塞不通,鼻渊流涕。
樟脑:为1,7,7-三甲基二环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-酮,系自樟科植物中提取(天然樟脑)或用化学合成法制得(合成樟脑)。【功能与主治】通关窍;利滞气;辟秽浊;杀虫止痒;消肿止痛。主热病神昏;中恶猝倒,痧胀吐泻腹痛;寒湿脚气;疥疮顽癣;秃疮;冻疮;臁疮;水火烫伤;跌打伤痛;牙痛;风火赤眼。
本发明的另一方面是提供了本发明中药组合物活性成分的制备方法,该方法是称取黑老虎根、牛膝、桂枝、独活、鸡血藤、建栀、牛尾菜、红杜仲、鹅不食草,采用水提或40—80%体积百分浓度的乙醇提取制备成干膏细粉,与研成细粉的樟脑混合均匀,即得。具体的制备方法如下:
取黑老虎根、牛膝、桂枝、独活、鸡血藤、建栀、牛尾菜、红杜仲、鹅不食草,加水提取2-3次,每次加水量相当于药材总重量的6-12倍,每次提取时间为1-3小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至60-80℃时相对密度为1.05-1.20的清膏,干燥、粉碎成细粉;樟脑研成细粉,加入混匀,即得。
本发明所述的治疗形体疲劳的中药组合物,可以与医药学上可接受的载体配合,制成各种常用制剂,如片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、咀嚼片、丸剂等。
本发明的药学上可接受的载体包括但不限于以下:
稀释剂:淀粉、糖粉、乳糖、糊精、微晶纤维素、无机盐、糖醇类等。
润湿剂与粘合剂:纯化水、乙醇、明胶、聚乙二醇、纤维素衍生物等。
崩解剂:淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠、纤维素衍生物、交联聚维酮等。
润滑剂:硬脂酸镁、微粉硅胶、滑石粉、聚乙二醇等。
助溶剂:水、乙醇、甘油、丙二醇、液状石蜡、植物油等。
矫味剂:蔗糖、单糖、芳香剂等。
防腐剂:苯甲酸、山梨酸、甲酯、乙酯、丙酯等。
方解:本方证由劳役过度元气受损,气伤而血行不畅,症见筋骨不利,四肢沉重,神疲乏力,脉弦涩等。本症为中医理论对疲劳分型的形体疲劳之症,治宜舒筋活血,行气止痛,温经通络。方中重用黑老虎根和牛膝为君,黑老虎根味辛,性温,善行经络气血及温养经脉,又兼止痛之功;牛膝有逐瘀通经,通利关节之效,与黑老虎根合用为君共奏舒经活血,行气止痛之功,于本证尤为适宜。桂枝功善温通经脉,可助君药旺盛经脉气血;独活善通痹止痛,用治劳倦腰膝疼痛之症;凡劳倦之证,必伤气血,方中臣以鸡血藤活血补血,又可助君药调经止痛,舒筋活络之功。以上三药共为臣药。本方佐以建栀、大半边莲、牛尾菜和红杜仲,建栀有消肿活络之功,又因其苦寒性味,可防方中诸药味辛散太过;大半边莲善清热解毒,消肿止痛;牛尾菜功能活血,舒经活络,善治劳伤腰痛;红杜仲壮腰肌,强筋骨之效佳,可谓壮形体之本;劳作汗出,当风而易受风寒之邪,方中佐以鹅不食草发散风寒,助桂枝以擅解表之功。樟脑为本方使药,有温散止痛之效,又可助行诸药药势。方中诸药,合用而共奏活血化瘀,行气止痛,舒筋活络之功。
本发明提供的一种能治疗型体疲劳的中药组合物具有以下优点:
1、本发明处方中各药合用,共同起到活血化瘀,行气止痛,舒筋活络之功的作用,能够起到较好的治疗形体疲劳的作用。
2、在抗大鼠形体疲劳试验中,与模型组相比,给予本发明后的大鼠,血液携氧能力明显增强,形体疲劳明显缓解,运动效率显著提高,且部分作用效果优于阳性对照组。
3、本发明组合物配方合理创新,生产成本低、工艺简单。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步说明本发明。应该理解的是,本发明的实施例是用于说明本发明而不是对本发明的限制。根据本发明的实质对本发明进行的简单改进都属于本发明要求保护的范围。
实施例1
取黑老虎根153g、牛膝76g、桂枝15g、独活76g、鸡血藤76g、建栀76g、牛尾菜76g、红杜仲76g、鹅不食草76g、樟脑3g,加水提取3次,每次加水量相当于药材总重量的6倍,每次提取时间为1小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20的清膏,干燥成干膏粉,粉碎,樟脑研成细粉加入,加入辅料淀粉、蔗糖粉、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁,制得颗粒剂。
实施例2
取黑老虎根135g、牛膝70g、桂枝13g、独活70g、鸡血藤73g、建栀70g、牛尾菜70g、红杜仲70g、鹅不食草70g、樟脑2g,加水提取2次,每次加水量相当于药材总重量的8倍,每次提取时间为2小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至70℃时相对密度为1.10的清膏,干燥成干膏粉,粉碎,樟脑研成细粉加入,加入辅料淀粉、乙醇、滑石粉,制得片剂。
实施例3
取黑老虎根170g、牛膝82g、桂枝18g、独活82g、鸡血藤85g、建栀82g、牛尾菜82g、红杜仲82g、鹅不食草82g、樟脑5g,加水提取1次,每次加水量相当于药材总重量的12倍,提取时间为3小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至80℃时相对密度为1.05的清膏,干燥成干膏粉,粉碎,樟脑研成细粉加入,加入辅料淀粉、乙醇、糊精、硬脂酸镁,装入胶囊壳、制得胶囊剂。
药效学试验:抗大鼠形体疲劳
1.实验材料
1.1动物
Wistar大鼠,雄性,SPF级,体重180~220g,160只,购自广西医科大学实验动物中心。
1.2试剂
促红细胞生成素试剂盒(南京建成)
1.3药品
阳性组:红景天提取物(由本实验室自制而成,经HPLC检测纯度95%以上)
实施例组:实施例1颗粒剂
2.实验方法
2.1分组、造模:将大鼠按体重随机分成4组,每组40只,分别为空白组、模型组、阳性药组、实施例组。除空白组,其它组大鼠采用大鼠跑台适应性训练一周后继而开始进行正式训练(大鼠训练模型见表1)。正式跑台训练总时长为8周,连续7天为1个训练周期,每周一为每个训练周期的第1天,星期天不进行跑台训练。训练强度如表1所示,前4个周期为递增负荷,后4个周期为维持负荷。各个训练周期训练开始时均以10m/min为起跑速度,然后在5min内逐渐递增至所需训练速度。训练过程中观察并记录大鼠体重、精神状态及饮食情况,必要时调整个别大鼠的运动训练计划。运动中使用毛刷刺激大鼠尾部,以保证运动强度,但整个过程不使用任何电刺激。正式训练8周后将各组大鼠分为安静状态、定量负荷、力竭后即可恢复、力竭后恢复12小时等4个状态亚组(见表2),记录力竭时间,并在相应的状态断头取血。定量负荷标准:跑速为20m/min,时间60min。力竭标准:动物不能保持持续运动,运动时大鼠腹部贴近跑台,四肢不能支撑躯体;从跑台取下大鼠,腹部朝上放置,大鼠翻身反射消失,精神呆滞,反应迟钝。
表1大鼠训练模型
表2:动物状态分组情况
2.2给药及动物处理:自正式跑台训练开始时,每日按体重灌胃相应药物。空白组给予生理盐水,模型组给予药物的溶媒试剂,各实施例组给予相应的药物,阳性组给予阳性药,直至训练周期结束。处死时按照分组状态,分别于相应状态用断头器断头取血,取20μl注入到稀释液中测定血常规各项指标:其余血样注入离心管,在室温下静置30min,然后于低温离心机以3000r/min离心15min,分离上清血清,放-20℃冰箱低温保存。
2.3指标检测:指标检测方法如表3,各项指标严格按照试剂盒说明书操作。
表3指标检测方法
3.统计学处理
各组的生化定量检测结果按计量资料以均数±标准差表示,各组间的差异分析采用t检验。使用的统计软件为SPSS13.0,P<0.05认为差异有显著性。
4.实验结果
4.1药物对训练大鼠运动能力的影响
结果如表4所示,与空白组比较,模型组力竭时间显著延长(P<0.01),时间延长率为22%;与模型组比较,阳性组、实施例组的力竭时间显著延长(P<0.01),时间延长率分别为29%、43%。
表4药物对训练大鼠力竭运动时间的影响
注:与空白组比较,**P<0.01;与模型组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01。
4.2药物对训练大鼠红细胞含量的影响
结果如表5所示,与空白组比较,各状态下的模型组大鼠的红细胞含量显著降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,各状态下的阳性组、实施例组的大鼠红细胞含量均显著升高(P<0.01或P<0.05)。
表5各组大鼠红细胞含量(RBC)的影响(1012/L)
注:相同状态下。与空白组比较,**P<0.01;与模型组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01。
4.3药物对训练大鼠血红蛋白含量的影响
结果如表6所示,与空白组比较,各状态下的模型组大鼠的血红蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05);与模型组比较,各状态下的阳性组、实施例组的大鼠血红蛋白含量均显著升高(P<0.01或P<0.05)。
表6各组大鼠血红蛋白含量(Hb)的影响(g/L)
注:相同状态下。与空白组比较,**P<0.01;与模型组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01。
4.4药物对训练大鼠红细胞比容影响
结果如表7所示,与空白组比较,各状态下的模型组大鼠的红细胞比容显著降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,各状态下的阳性组、实施例组的大鼠红细胞比容均显著升高(P<0.01)。
表7各组大鼠红细胞比容(HCT)的影响(%)
注:相同状态下。与空白组比较,**P<0.01;与模型组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01。
4.5药物对训练大鼠促红细胞生成素影响
结果如表8所示,与空白组比较,各状态下的模型组大鼠的促红细胞生成素显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);与模型组比较,各状态下的阳性组、实施例组的大鼠促红细胞生成素均显著升高(P<0.01)。
表8下各组大鼠促红细胞生成素(EPO)的影响
注:相同状态下。与空白组比较,**P<0.01;与模型组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01。
5.讨论
剧烈运动时,机体的交感-肾上腺髓质可被一系列的内分泌激素所激发并进入亢进状态,使红细胞数目、血红蛋白含量呈交感-肾上腺髓质反应式升高,从而满足机体的氧气供给需求,保证机体的高强度运动效率。但长时间的激烈运动或者一次性激烈运动后,红细胞和血红蛋白因被大量动员而达到饱和并进入相对衰竭状态,具体表现为红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量、红细胞比容等血液流变学指标相对下降,使血液的携氧能力下降,影响机体的有氧运动能力,从而造成机体的运动性疲劳。促红细胞生成素(EPO)是一种正常红细胞生成所必须的蛋白质激素,在机体缺氧时,可刺激肾脏产生和释放EPO,促进骨髓内红细胞的生成,从而增加血液的携氧能力,改善缺氧,提高运动效率。实验结果显示,本发明中药组合物可显著提高形体疲劳大鼠各种运动状态下的红细胞、血红蛋白、促红细胞生成素的含量(P<0.01或P<0.05),显著提高形体疲劳大鼠的红细胞比容(P<0.01)。
总而言之,本发明中药组合物可有效改善大鼠在各种运动状态的缺氧发生,增加血液的携氧能力,从而改善运动性形体疲劳,提高运动效率。
结论:本发明中药组合物可有效改善大鼠各种运动状态的缺氧发生,增加血液的携氧能力,从而改善运动性形体疲劳,提高运动效率。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明、具体实施方式及试验,对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种治疗形体疲劳的中药组合物,其特征在于它是由如下重量份的原料制备而成的:黑老虎根135-170份、牛膝70-82份、桂枝13-18份、独活70-82份、鸡血藤73-85份、建栀70-82份、牛尾菜70-82份、红杜仲70-82份、鹅不食草70-82份、樟脑2-5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的治疗形体疲劳的中药组合物,其特征在于它是由如下重量份的原料制备而成的:黑老虎根153份、牛膝76份、桂枝15份、独活76份、鸡血藤76份、建栀76份、牛尾菜76份、红杜仲76份、鹅不食草76份、樟脑3份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的治疗形体疲劳的中药组合物,其特征在于它的活性成分是通过以下方法制备而成的:称取黑老虎根、牛膝、桂枝、独活、鸡血藤、建栀、牛尾菜、红杜仲、鹅不食草,采用水提或40—80%体积百分浓度的乙醇提取制备成干膏细粉,与研成细粉的樟脑混合均匀,即得。
4.如权利要求3所述的治疗形体疲劳的中药组合物,其特征在于它的活性成分是通过以下方法制备而成的:取黑老虎根、牛膝、桂枝、独活、鸡血藤、建栀、牛尾菜、红杜仲、鹅不食草,加水提取2-3次,每次加水量相当于药材总重量的6-12倍,每次提取时间为1-3小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至60-80℃时相对密度为1.05-1.20的清膏,干燥、粉碎成细粉;樟脑研成细粉,加入混匀,即得。
5.一种治疗形体疲劳的中药制剂,由权利要求1或2所述的治疗形体疲劳的中药组合物与医药行业上可接受的载体配合制备而成。
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