CN105494264B - A kind of selection of excellent honeybee kind for protected crop pollination - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to beekeeping technology. In order to solve the problems of few good bee species for pollination of facility crops, weak quality and poor pollination effect, the invention provides a method for breeding good bee species for pollination of facility crops. The method selects and breeds local Italian honey bees, introduces and cultivates the species of Jinka bee, adopts single crossing or backcrossing, and undergoes multiple artificial insemination hybridizations to breed honeybees that not only conform to the biological characteristics of bees, but also can be used for effective pollination of facility crops. Excellent varieties (strains) have excellent characteristics such as high collection, high egg production, strong resistance to stress, strong disease resistance, gentle temperament, and low feed consumption. Pollination, improve crop pollination effect.

Description

A kind of breeding method of excellent bee species used for facility crop pollination

technical field

The invention relates to beekeeping technology, in particular to a method for selecting and breeding excellent bee species for facility crop pollination.

Background technique

Honey bee colonies have a highly developed ability to create stable living conditions within their own hive. Among the climatic factors affecting the life of bees, temperature is the most important. Italian honeybees fly above 10°C, attend work in large numbers at 16°C, and 35°C is the most suitable temperature for collection. When the temperature reaches above 40°C, field collection work is almost stopped. When the cover in the bee colony was at 37°C, although the development period of worker bees was shortened by 3 days, they died in large numbers, and many underdeveloped bees appeared. Facility agriculture is the most dynamic new rural industry today, and it plays an extremely important role in the off-season and cross-regional planting of vegetables and other important economic crops in my country. According to the report of the "Fourth National Annual Conference on Facility Agriculture" in 2004, the cultivation area of various types of facility agriculture in my country has reached 2.1 million hectares, accounting for about 70% of the world's facility cultivation area. Under the condition of facility crop cultivation, airtight greenhouses will cause high temperature in spring and summer stubble sheds, and improper heat preservation measures will cause low temperatures in autumn and winter stubble, overwintering stubble and winter and spring stubble sheds. Therefore, the high temperature environment in the facility greenhouse has become a major obstacle for bees to pollinate facility crops.

The selection, breeding and popularization of improved bee varieties is an important measure to improve the production level of beekeeping, increase production, and increase income. It includes systematic selection, cross-breeding, and utilization of heterosis. Countries with developed beekeeping industry attach great importance to the selection of improved bee species, and according to the local nectar source climate conditions, select excellent bee species, make extensive use of heterosis, and establish a professional breeding system for improved species. The world-renowned Starlein used artificial insemination technology to select and breed 4 Italian bee inbred lines and then cross-bred double-cross breeds. Midnet used artificial insemination technology to breed 4 inbred lines of Italian bee and Caucasian bee Breeding of double-cross bees. Carl in the United States bred honey bees for pollination of alfalfa. After several generations of selective breeding, alfalfa bees with a high ability to collect alfalfa were bred. Compared with countries with developed beekeeping industry, my country's bee breeding work started relatively late. In the early 1960s, the research work on bee genetics and bee breeding began officially. With the successful application of artificial insemination technology for honeybees, various localities have used the introduced western bee species for variety improvement, and have bred new high-product lines from them. In many places, the introduced bee species were used as materials to carry out hybrid experiments, and some excellent hybrid combinations were formulated. Generally speaking, the bee varieties bred in my country include high-yield honey type (such as "Songdan No. 1", etc.), high-yield pulp type (such as "Zhenong No. 1", etc.), high-yield honey pulp type (such as "Huangshan No. ), anti-mite type (such as Beijing No. 1, etc.), honey glue type (such as Honey Glue No. 1, etc.).

In nature, bees are the most important and ideal pollinating insects for crops. Pollination by bees can significantly increase yield and quality. It is the most effective measure to increase yield and quality in agricultural production besides conventional means of increasing yield. According to the statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the contribution rate or increase rate of chemical fertilizers to grain production is about 40% on average, that of pesticides is about 20%, and that of bee pollination is more than 45%. huge effect. At present, the patents related to bee pollination that have been obtained in our country include: a special bee colony for pollination (CN201110393119.6), a bee breeding box for facility crop pollination (CN201010224537.8), a special box for controlling the pollination intensity of bees (CN201010505038.6), etc., mainly carry out improvement and innovation from the pollination bee box body, and the patent related to the selection and breeding of bee species for pollination of facility crops is still in a blank state. In 2008, Xu Xilian and others crossed the easy-laying Italian bee and the cold-resistant kabe. Through the use of hybrid advantage, they cultivated a bee colony dedicated to pollination, which improved the productivity of the queen bee in the shed and the enthusiasm of the worker bees to collect nectar. There was no improvement in bee stress resistance and resistance to pests and diseases.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems of few good bee species for pollination of facility crops, weak quality and poor pollination effect, the present invention provides a method for breeding good bee species for pollination of facility crops. An excellent bee species that lays eggs, has strong stress resistance, strong disease resistance, gentle temperament, and low feed consumption, and is used for pollination of facility crops.

Technical solutions:

A method for selecting and breeding an excellent bee species for facility crop pollination, comprising the following steps:

(1) Screening, processing and purification of local Italian bees:

According to performance indicators such as spawning ability, collection ability, docileness, and group maintenance power, the economic traits, production performance and main morphological indicators of local Italian bees were investigated, and comparative analysis was carried out to screen out strong fertility, strong collection ability, and docile temperament. And genetically stable healthy native Italian bee E.

The inbreeding method of mother-child mating and female-father backcrossing is used to purify the bee species, and form a local Italian bee colony with relatively pure species, which is used as the mother colony Em.

A strong colony was selected from the local Italian bee E, and the queen bee with clipped wings was restricted to lay eggs in the nest box with a queen partition, and the successor box was used as the queen breeding area. In the breeding area, put 2 pieces of mature capping spleens with powder honey, that is, the worker bee larvae spleens that the fertilized eggs of the local Italian bee E develop to the 10th day of the nest chamber sealing, and put 2 pieces of larval spleens, that is, the local Italian bee larvae. The fertilized egg of bee E develops to the unsealed worker bee larva spleen in the 4th day, and the larva spleen is in the middle, forming the local Italian queen colony Ey.

(2) Cultivate the local Italian bee virgin queen as the female parent Eb:

First, install 2 to 3 layers of Yuwang strips in the Yuwang box, stick 5 to 6 wax bowls on each Yuwang strip, drop 1 drop of diluted royal jelly or honey in each wax bowl, and put it into the Yuwang group Ey Let the bees clean for 2-3 hours. In a clean, bright room with a temperature of 25 to 30°C and a relative humidity of 80 to 90%, a frame of small larval spleens is taken from the local honey bee colony Em, and the larvae of the right age within 24 hours are hatched (the larvae are crescent-shaped) , egg white color) into a wax bowl. After the end of the worm transplantation, the king-bred frame was added between the spleens of the larvae in the king-bred group Ey, and the feeding was rewarded continuously in the evening. After 12 days, the young larvae emerged from the room and became the virgin queen, and the virgin queen with a large individual size, a long abdomen and steady action was selected as the female parent Eb.

(3) According to indicators such as stress resistance, disease resistance, feed consumption, collection ability, docileness, and fecundity, select the ones with superior stress resistance, disease resistance, low consumption, collection ability, fecundity, and ability to maintain group potential. Jinka bee is the object of introduction, and the introduction of Hunan Lixian Apiculture Research Institute Jinka bee improved queen bee, that is, the queen bee K of Jinka bee that has been fertilized by the Jinka drone and is waiting to start laying or laying eggs.

The introduced Kinka bee queen K is intensively raised in the original seed field selected by this breeding, and is selected and improved to form a purer Kinka bee colony as the parent colony Kf;

(4) Cultivate Jinka bee species and use the drone as the male parent Kj:

In the parent colony Kf of Jinka bees, add a high-quality empty drone spleen with honey powder feed on the upper part between two larval spleens, which are fertilized eggs produced by queen K of Jinka bees Spleen of worker bee larvae whose hives were not covered until the fourth day. Control the queen bee K to lay unfertilized eggs on the comb of the drone, keep the temperature at 34-35°C, and the relative humidity at 70-80%. The unfertilized eggs of the drone eggs, that is, the unfertilized eggs produced by the king bee K, develop to the 7th day, which is the stage of large larvae, and move the drone comb to widen the bee paths on both sides; after the drone comb is sealed on the 11th day, gradually add honey bees The comb expands the colony. The bee colony of cultivating drones keeps feed sufficient all the time, under the sufficient condition of feed, carry out reward feeding pollen and honey feed every evening. About 8 days after the drone came out of the house, it began to fly out of the nest, and it became sexually mature around the 13th. The drone with a more agile action and a solid abdomen was selected as the male parent Kj.

(5) Organize mating groups:

On the 10th day after step (2) transplanting worms or on the 7th day after the royal platform is sealed, prepare the mating colony, this mating colony is specially designed for luring in the virgin queen, allowing it to mate and lay eggs. . In each mating group, put 1-2 pieces of honey powder spleen with honey or pollen on the honeycomb, and 1 piece of mature capped spleen that is about to leave the house, that is, the fertilized eggs produced by the local Italian bee queen have developed to about 20 days. The larval spleen and 1 to 2 young honeycombs with full frame (both sides of each honeycomb are covered with bees) form a mating group.

(6) Artificial insemination hybridization between the female parent Eb and the male parent Kj is organized:

Operate under the artificial insemination equipment of bees in the laboratory, adopt single cross or backcross, and after multiple crosses, select the ideal single colony that meets the breeding goal, that is, the hybrid bee colony F1, eliminate the bad colony combination, and cultivate and select it. excellent combination.

(7) Among the second generation of hybrids produced by hybridization between the virgin queen of the hybrid bee colony F1 and the drones in the colony, select a single colony with strong collection ability, fecundity, disease resistance, docileness, low consumption, and stable and consistent traits. In the hybrid bee colony (F2), virgin queens and drones were cultivated in equal amounts, and the mixed semen of the drones was used to artificially inseminate the virgin queen. After the new queen bee lays eggs, the bee colony F3 of the third generation hybrid system becomes a new strain.

(8) the new line bee colony (F3) that step (7) is cultivated adopts inbreeding means, cross or backcross, make bad gene homozygous, be convenient to eliminate, make good gene homozygous, character tends towards consistency, Formation of new lines of bees with a stable genetic base.

In the above-mentioned technical scheme: in the process of cultivating the virgin queen of the local Italian bee in the described step (2), adopt the method for double worm transplantation, that is, after 24 hours of the 1st worm transplantation, take out the breeding frame, take off the royal platform, Tweezers discard the larva, and immediately move into a larva of the right age (the larva body is crescent-shaped, egg white color) within 24 hours from the spleen of the mother colony Em larvae of the local Italian honeybee, and the virgin queen that is bred like this is strong and strong. High fecundity. In the process of described step (4) cultivating the golden hornet species with the drone as the male parent Kj, the spring golden hornet parent group Kf is at least no less than 7 foot frame honeybees (every honeycomb both sides are covered with honeybees), and the golden hornet colony in summer is full of honeybees. The father colony Kf of bees should be more than 10 foot frame bees (every honeycomb both sides are covered with bees).

In the above technical scheme: the new strain bee species cultivated in the step (8), the body color is maroon, and the tail is black, specifically: the third and fourth backboard tips are black, and the fifth backboard 1 /5 is black, and 2/3 of the sixth backplane is black.

In the present invention, the biological characteristics of parent colony bee species are as follows:

Local Italian bees have strong fertility, and the breeding rate is gentle. After the queen bee starts to lay eggs in early spring, the amount of eggs laid is not greatly affected by natural conditions such as climate and nectar sources. Dividing bees are weak and easy to maintain large groups. It has a strong ability to collect large nectar sources, but its ability to utilize sporadic nectar powder sources is poor, and it collects a large amount of pollen. It consumes a lot of feed, has a gentle temperament, is not afraid of light, has poor orientation, is easy to get lost in the nest, is strong in stealing, and has a strong habit of clearing the nest. Overwinter in the form of strong flocks, consume a lot of feed for overwintering, and have poor overwintering performance in alpine regions. Disease resistance is weak.

The golden bee is a yellow bee species separated from the black bee species Kaniaran by using its natural variation. The worker bees bred by golden hornets have a long lifespan, which is a great advantage, so golden hornets can maintain a 16-foot-frame colony, and the colony declines little after the big honey-making period. The attendance rate of Jinka worker bees is 32.3% higher than that of local Italian bees. Chinka bee has a strong ability to lay eggs, can maintain a large group, and has a strong ability to collect honey from a large area, and can withstand heat and so on. Jinka bee is better at using sporadic honey sources and saves feed. Golden hornet has strong resistance to several intractable infectious diseases. Jinka is not only cold hardy, but also heat tolerant, making it an ideal insect for pollination.

The above-mentioned bee species have the characteristics suitable for active pollination in the growth environment of facility crops, and the advantage utilization, hybridization and combination can improve the activity enthusiasm in the environment of facility crops, effectively realize the pollination of crops, and improve the pollination effect of crops.

Beneficial effect:

The invention adopts the hybridization of the local Italian bee and the golden clam bee, utilizes the advantages, and screens out an excellent variety (strain) that not only conforms to the biological characteristics of the bee, but also can be used for effective pollination of facility crops. The characteristics of the new bee varieties (new strains) selected and bred are as follows: firstly, under the conditions of high-cold and high-heat environment of facility crops, the collection ability and pollination ability of honeybee worker bees have been effectively improved; And the phototaxis is weak, so the probability of bees crashing into the shed will be reduced, and the loss will be reduced; thirdly, in the high temperature and high humidity environment, the bee's resistance to stress and the ability to resist diseases and insect pests will be strengthened, and the loss of bees will also be greatly reduced.

After the investigation and experiment on the economic traits of new varieties (strains) of pollinating bees, the results show that: under the environmental conditions of facility crops, the collection power of the new strains of bees cultivated is 10-30% higher than that of local Italian bees, and the growth rate of colonies is the same as that of the area. The local Italian bees are similar to or slightly higher than the local Italian bees, the high temperature and high humidity resistance is 20-25% higher than the local Italian bees, the bee disease resistance is 10-20% higher than the local Italian bees, and the feed consumption is 20-20% lower than the local Italian bees 30%, the lifespan of worker bees is 6-8 days longer than that of local Italian bees on average during the collection period, and has excellent characteristics such as strong stress resistance, gentle temperament, and weak phototaxis. Therefore, the present invention significantly improves the activity enthusiasm of pollinator bees in the environment of facility crops through cross-combination cultivation, effectively realizes the pollination of crops, and improves the pollination effect of crops.

Detailed ways

A method for selecting and breeding an excellent bee species for facility crop pollination, comprising the following steps:

(1) Screening, processing and purification of local Italian bees:

According to performance indicators such as spawning ability, collection ability, docileness, and group maintenance power, the economic traits, production performance and main morphological indicators of local Italian bees were investigated, and comparative analysis was carried out to screen out strong fertility, strong collection ability, and docile temperament. And genetically stable healthy native Italian bee E.

The inbreeding method of mother-child mating and female-father backcrossing is used to purify the bee species, and form a local Italian bee colony with relatively pure species, which is used as the mother colony Em.

A strong colony was selected from the local Italian bee E, and the queen bee with clipped wings was restricted to lay eggs in the nest box with a queen partition, and the successor box was used as the queen breeding area. In the breeding area, put 2 pieces of mature capping spleens with powder honey, that is, the worker bee larvae spleens that the fertilized eggs of the local Italian bee E develop to the 10th day of the nest chamber sealing, and put 2 pieces of larval spleens, that is, the local Italian bee larvae. The fertilized egg of bee E develops to the unsealed worker bee larva spleen in the 4th day, and the larva spleen is in the middle, forming the local Italian queen colony Ey.

(2) Cultivate the local Italian bee virgin queen as the female parent Eb:

First, install 2 to 3 layers of Yuwang strips in the Yuwang box, stick 5 to 6 wax bowls on each Yuwang strip, drop 1 drop of diluted royal jelly or honey in each wax bowl, and put it into the Yuwang group Ey Let the bees clean for 2-3 hours. In a clean, bright room with a temperature of 25 to 30°C and a relative humidity of 80 to 90%, a frame of small larval spleens is taken from the local honey bee colony Em, and the larvae of the right age within 24 hours are hatched (the larvae are crescent-shaped) , egg white color) into a wax bowl. After the end of the worm transplantation, the king-bred frame was added between the spleens of the larvae in the king-bred group Ey, and the feeding was rewarded continuously in the evening. After 12 days, the young larvae emerged from the room and became the virgin queen, and the virgin queen with a large individual size, a long abdomen and steady action was selected as the female parent Eb.

(3) According to indicators such as stress resistance, disease resistance, feed consumption, collection ability, docileness, and fecundity, select the ones with superior stress resistance, disease resistance, low consumption, collection ability, fecundity, and ability to maintain group potential. Jinka bee is the object of introduction, and the introduction of Hunan Lixian Apiculture Research Institute Jinka bee improved queen bee, that is, the queen bee K of Jinka bee that has been fertilized by the Jinka drone and is waiting to start laying or laying eggs.

The introduced Kinka bee queen K is intensively raised in the original seed field selected by this breeding, and is selected and improved to form a purer Kinka bee colony as the parent colony Kf;

(4) Cultivate Jinka bee species and use the drone as the male parent Kj:

In the parent colony Kf of Jinka bees, add a high-quality empty drone spleen with honey powder feed on the upper part between two larval spleens, which are fertilized eggs produced by queen K of Jinka bees Spleen of worker bee larvae whose hives were not covered until the fourth day. Control the queen bee K to lay unfertilized eggs on the comb of the drone, keep the temperature at 34-35°C, and the relative humidity at 70-80%. The unfertilized eggs of the drone eggs, that is, the unfertilized eggs produced by the king bee K, develop to the 7th day, which is the stage of large larvae, and move the drone comb to widen the bee paths on both sides; after the drone comb is sealed on the 11th day, gradually add honey bees The comb expands the colony. The bee colony of cultivating drones keeps feed sufficient all the time, under the sufficient condition of feed, carry out reward feeding pollen and honey feed every evening. About 8 days after the drone came out of the house, it began to fly out of the nest, and it became sexually mature around the 13th. The drone with a more agile action and a solid abdomen was selected as the male parent Kj.

(5) Organize mating groups:

On the 10th day after step (2) transplanting worms or on the 7th day after the royal platform is sealed, prepare the mating colony, this mating colony is specially designed for luring in the virgin queen, allowing it to mate and lay eggs. . In each mating group, put 1-2 pieces of honey powder spleen with honey or pollen on the honeycomb, and 1 piece of mature capped spleen that is about to leave the house, that is, the fertilized eggs produced by the local Italian bee queen have developed to about 20 days. The larval spleen and 1 to 2 young honeycombs with full frame (both sides of each honeycomb are covered with bees) form a mating group.

(6) Artificial insemination hybridization between the female parent Eb and the male parent Kj is organized:

Operate under the artificial insemination equipment of bees in the laboratory, adopt single cross or backcross, and after multiple crosses, select the ideal single colony that meets the breeding goal, that is, the hybrid bee colony F1, eliminate the bad colony combination, and cultivate and select it. excellent combination. The hybridization method is shown in Table 1 and Table 2:

Table 1: Single cross

Table 2: Backcross

(7) Among the second generation of hybrids produced by hybridization between the virgin queen of the hybrid bee colony F1 and the drones in the colony, select a single colony with strong collection ability, fecundity, disease resistance, docileness, low consumption, and stable and consistent traits. In the hybrid bee colony (F2), virgin queens and drones were cultivated in equal amounts, and the mixed semen of the drones was used to artificially inseminate the virgin queen. After the new queen bee lays eggs, the bee colony F3 of the third generation hybrid system becomes a new strain. The specific hybridization method is shown in Table 3:

table 3:

(8) the new line bee colony (F3) that step (7) is cultivated adopts inbreeding means, cross or backcross, make bad gene homozygous, be convenient to eliminate, make good gene homozygous, character tends towards consistency, Formation of new lines of bees with a stable genetic base. The specific crossing methods are shown in Table 4:

Table 4: Intersecting

In the above-described embodiment: in the process of cultivating the virgin queen of the local Italian bee in the described step (2), the method of double insect transplantation is adopted, that is, after the first 24 hours of insect transplantation, the queen breeding frame is taken out, and the royal platform is taken off. Tweezers discard the larva, and immediately move into a larva of the right age (the larva body is crescent-shaped, egg white color) within 24 hours from the spleen of the mother colony Em larvae of the local Italian honeybee, and the virgin queen that is bred like this is strong and strong. High fecundity. In the process of described step (4) cultivating the golden hornet species with the drone as the male parent Kj, the spring golden hornet parent group Kf is at least no less than 7 foot frame honeybees (every honeycomb both sides are covered with honeybees), and the golden hornet colony in summer is full of honeybees. The father colony Kf of bees should be more than 10 foot frame bees (every honeycomb both sides are covered with bees).

In the above-described embodiment: the new line of bee species cultivated in the step (8), the body color is maroon, and the tail is black, specifically: the third and fourth backboard tips are black, and the fifth backboard 1 /5 is black, and 2/3 of the sixth backplane is black.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of breeding method for the excellent bee species of facilities crop pollination, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: (1) Screening, processing and purification of local Italian bees: According to performance indicators such as spawning ability, collection ability, docileness, and group maintenance power, the economic traits, production performance and main morphological indicators of local Italian bees were investigated, and comparative analysis was carried out to screen out strong fertility, strong collection ability, and docile temperament. And genetically stable healthy local Italian bee E; Use the inbreeding method of mother-child mating and female-father backcrossing to purify the bee species and form a purer local bee colony as the mother colony Em; Select a strong colony in the local Italian bee E, limit the queen bee with clipped wings to lay eggs and reproduce in the nest box with the king partition, and the successor box is used as the queen breeding area; in the queen breeding area, put 2 sheets with powder honey Mature capped spleens, that is, the fertilized eggs of the local Italian bee E developed to the 10th day, and the worker bee larvae spleens were sealed, and two larval spleens were placed, that is, the fertilized eggs of the local Italian bee E developed until the fourth day. The worker bee larva spleen of capping, the larva spleen is in the middle, forms local Italian honeybee queen colony Ey; (2) Cultivate the local Italian bee virgin queen as the female parent Eb: First, install 2 to 3 layers of Yuwang strips in the Yuwang box, stick 5 to 6 wax bowls on each Yuwang strip, drop 1 drop of diluted royal jelly or honey in each wax bowl, and put it into the Yuwang group Ey Let the bees clean for 2-3 hours; in a clean, bright room with a temperature of 25-30°C and a relative humidity of 80-90%, take out a box of small larval spleens from the local honey bee colony Em, and hatch the larvae within 24 hours. The larvae of the right age are moved into the wax bowl, and the larva body of the larvae of the right age is crescent-shaped and egg white; after the transfer of worms is finished, the king box is added between the larva spleens in the king group Ey, and the feeding is rewarded continuously in the evening; After 12 days, the small larva emerges from the room and becomes the virgin queen, and the virgin queen with a large body, a long abdomen and steady action is selected as the female parent Eb; (3) According to indicators such as stress resistance, disease resistance, feed consumption, collection ability, docileness, and fecundity, select the ones with superior stress resistance, disease resistance, low consumption, collection ability, fecundity, and ability to maintain group potential. Jinka bee is the object of introduction, and the introduction of Hunan Lixian Beekeeping Research Institute Jinka bee improved queen bee, that is, Jinka bee queen K that has been fertilized by the Jinka drone and is waiting to start laying or laying eggs; The introduced Kinka bee queen K is intensively raised in the original seed field selected by this breeding, and is selected and improved to form a purer Kinka bee colony as the parent colony Kf; (4) Cultivate Jinka bee species and use the drone as the male parent Kj: In the parent colony Kf of Jinka bees, add a high-quality empty drone spleen with honey powder feed on the upper part between two larval spleens, which are fertilized eggs produced by queen K of Jinka bees The unsealed spleen of worker bee larvae developed to the 4th day; the king bee K was controlled to produce unfertilized eggs on the spleen of the drone, and the temperature was kept at 34-35°C and the relative humidity was 70-80%; The unfertilized eggs produced by queen bee K develop to the 7th day, which is the stage of large larvae. Move the drone comb to widen the bee paths on both sides. After the drone comb is sealed on the 11th day, gradually add the honeycomb comb to expand the bee colony ; The bee colony that cultivates drones always maintains sufficient feed. Under the condition of sufficient feed, they reward and feed pollen and honey feed every evening; drones start to fly out of the nest around 8 days after leaving the house, and become sexually mature around 13 days; comparison of selection actions The male bee with agility and solid belly is Kj; (5) Organize mating groups: On the 10th day after the described step (2) transplants worms or on the 7th day after the royal platform is sealed, prepare mating colony, this mating colony is specially designed for luring virgin queen, allowing it to mate and lay eggs. Bee colony; put 1-2 honey powder spleens with honey or pollen on the honeycomb in each mating group, and 1 mature capped spleen that is about to leave the house, that is, the fertilized eggs produced by the local Italian bee queen develop to the 20th day The left and right worker bee larval spleens and 1 to 2 young honeycombs with a full frame form a mating group. The full frame refers to the fact that both sides of each honeycomb are covered with bees; (6) Artificial insemination hybridization between the female parent Eb and the male parent Kj is organized: Operate under the artificial insemination equipment of bees in the laboratory, adopt single cross or backcross, and after multiple crosses, select the ideal single colony that meets the breeding goal, that is, the hybrid bee colony F1, eliminate the bad colony combination, and cultivate and select it. excellent combination; (7) Among the second generation of hybrids produced by hybridization between the virgin queen of the hybrid bee colony F1 and the drones in the colony, select a single colony with strong collection ability, fecundity, disease resistance, docileness, low consumption, and stable and consistent traits. In the hybrid bee colony F2, the virgin queen and drones are cultivated in equal amounts, and the mixed semen of the drones is taken to artificially inseminate the virgin queen; after the new queen bee lays eggs, the bee colony F3 of the third-generation hybrid system becomes a new strain; (8) the new strain bee colony F3 that described step (7) is cultivated adopts inbreeding means, cross or backcross, make bad gene homozygous, be convenient to eliminate, make good gene homozygous, character tends towards consistency, Formation of new lines of bees with a stable genetic base. 2. the breeding method of a kind of excellent bee species that is used for facility crop pollination according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the process of cultivating local Italian honeybee virgin queen in described step (2), adopts compound transplanting worm 24 hours after the first worm transfer, take out the brooding box, take off the royal platform, discard the larvae with forceps, and immediately move into a larva hatched within 24 hours from the spleen of the Em larvae of the local Italian bee colony in situ. The larvae of the right age, the larva body of the larvae of the right age is crescent-shaped and egg white in color, and the virgin queen bred like this is strong in body and high in fecundity. 3. the breeding method of a kind of excellent bee species that is used for facility crop pollination according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step (4) cultivates in the process that the golden hornet species uses the drone as the male parent Kj, The parent colony Kf of golden hornets in spring should be no less than 7 foot frame honeybees, and the parent colony Kf of golden hornet honeybees should be more than 10 foot frame honeybees in summer, and described foot frame refers to that every honeycomb both sides is covered with honeybees. 4. the breeding method of a kind of excellent bee species that is used for the pollination of facility crops according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the new strain bee species cultivated in the described step (8), body color is maroon red, tail black, specifically: the tips of the third and fourth backplanes are black, 1/5 of the fifth backplane is black, and 2/3 of the sixth backplane is black.