CN105476704A - 颈椎前路钢板固定系统 - Google Patents
颈椎前路钢板固定系统 Download PDFInfo
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- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种颈椎前路钢板固定系统,用于对颈椎进行前固定方式治疗,属于医疗器械技术领域。该固定系统包括颈椎前路钢板和螺钉,颈椎前路钢板上设有若干列互相平行布置的螺钉孔组,每列螺钉孔组由两个紧邻的螺钉孔组成,螺钉安装在螺钉孔内,其特征是:还包括压紧片,压紧片整体呈双U形,其两侧设有开口,所述两个紧邻的螺钉孔之间设有与压紧片相匹配的凹槽,压紧片安装在凹槽内,压紧片两侧的开口可以卡紧螺钉的头部。本发明具有结构简单、操作方便、快速固定、安全可靠的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种颈椎前路钢板固定系统,用于对颈椎进行前固定方式治疗,属于医疗器械技术领域。
背景技术
颈椎前路单纯植骨融合由于植骨界面缺少可靠的稳定措施,容易发生植骨块脱落、植骨不愈合或延迟愈合或假关节形成,颈前路减压植骨融合的假关节发生率高,而多节段的植骨融合的假关节发生率更高,成为困扰临床医师的难题。
颈椎前路钢板的出现,不仅为临床提供了良好的固定手段、为颈椎前路融合提供一个稳定的支持、缩短了植骨块融合时间、提高了融合率,还可以预防迟发性颈椎后凸畸形和保持颈椎高度。使用颈椎前路钢板对颈椎进行前固定方式治疗的技术,已广泛应用于椎间盘病变、创伤、肿瘤、畸形、假关节等临床治疗。颈椎前路钢板使用螺钉进行固定,但手术完成后,螺钉容易产生松动而退出颈椎前路钢板,造成手术失败甚至危及生命,对患者带来严重影响,现有的螺钉锁紧方式是在螺钉固定后再拧入其他螺钉或再用卡环等方式锁紧,不仅增加了操作步骤,且锁紧不可靠,存在安全隐患。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种结构简单、操作方便、快速固定、安全可靠的颈椎前路钢板固定系统。
本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案是:该固定系统包括颈椎前路钢板和螺钉,颈椎前路钢板上设有若干列互相平行布置的螺钉孔组,每列螺钉孔组由两个紧邻的螺钉孔组成,螺钉安装在螺钉孔内,其特征是:还包括压紧片,压紧片整体呈双U形,其两侧设有开口,所述两个紧邻的螺钉孔之间设有与压紧片相匹配的凹槽,压紧片安装在凹槽内,压紧片两侧的开口可以卡紧螺钉的头部。
本发明所述螺钉为自攻自钻的固定角度螺钉或可调角度螺钉。
本发明当螺钉为固定角度螺钉时,在颈椎前路钢板的纵向面,螺钉的轴线与螺钉所在平面的垂直线之间的角度为7°或﹣7°;在颈椎前路钢板的横向面,螺钉的轴线与螺钉所在平面的垂直线之间的角度为8°或﹣8°。
本发明当螺钉为可调角度螺钉时,在颈椎前路钢板的纵向面,螺钉的轴线与螺钉所在平面的垂直线之间的角度可在﹣8°到6°、﹣2°到10°、﹣6°到8°或﹣10°到2°之间调整;在颈椎前路钢板的横向面,螺钉的轴线与螺钉所在平面的垂直线之间的角度可在0°到8°或﹣8°到0°之间调整。
本发明所述螺钉孔组的数量为两组、三组、四组或五组。
本发明所述的颈椎前路钢板在相邻的螺钉孔组之间设有透视窗,透视窗呈长方形。
本发明所述颈椎前路钢板的厚度为2到4mm。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:1、该固定系统结构简单,在颈椎前路钢板设有若干列螺钉孔组,每列螺钉孔组由两个螺钉孔组成,自攻自钻螺钉安装在螺钉孔内,螺钉根据病人的不同情况可采用固定角度螺钉或可调角度螺钉,螺钉孔为偏心孔,使每列螺钉孔组中的两个螺钉之间的角度可在一定范围内调节,螺钉的可调节角度广使螺钉的适应性增强,为手术提供方便,且螺钉植入时与颈椎前路钢板之间产生相对运动可起到对植骨块加压的作用,对植骨块加压能促进植骨融合;2、螺钉固定颈椎前路钢板后,各螺钉之间的角度与颈椎生理弧度呈一抛物线改变,这样符合内固定的“张力带”原则,更有利于植骨块的融合;3、该固定系统包括呈双U形的压紧片,在螺钉旋入螺钉孔内后,压紧片的开口即卡紧螺钉的头部,起到压紧两个螺钉的作用,螺钉的内在稳定性主要取决于其如何被压紧,良好的压紧可以十分有效地将颈椎前路钢板和螺钉联成一体,使螺钉孔处的疲劳断裂有效减少,该压紧片压紧可靠,不易变形失效,临床操作十分方便;4、颈椎前路钢板上根据每个椎体的生理弧度和长度设有长方形的透视窗,且颈椎前路钢板为与颈椎的生理曲度相匹配的低切迹预弯钢板,可以有效地避免载荷分配不均、应力分布不均等问题,同时颈椎前路钢板要对植骨产生紧压作用,钢板的宽度和厚度需适宜,过宽则往往需切开颈长肌,而过窄则除不能起到固定作用,还可能影响到植骨块,虽然较厚的钢板的力学性能好,但由于可以引起患者术后的吞咽不适感,所以钢板的厚度应是在满足力学要求的基础上,尽可能的薄一些,该固定系统中的颈椎前路钢板厚度为2到4mm。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的主视图。
图2为实施例1的俯视图。
图3为实施例1的立体图。
图4为实施例1中颈椎前路钢板的立体图。
图5为实施例1中压紧片的立体图。
图6为图2的A-A剖视图。
图7为图2的B-B剖视图。
图8为图2的C-C剖视图。
图9为实施例1中螺钉位于颈椎前路钢板中时的示意图。
图10为图9的Ⅰ处放大图。
图11为实施例1应用于人体颈部时的示意图。
图12为图11的Ⅱ处放大图。
图13为实施例2的俯视图。
图14为图13的D-D剖视图。
图15为图13的E-E剖视图。
图16为图13的F-F剖视图。
图17为实施例2中螺钉位于颈椎前路钢板中时的示意图。
图18为图17的Ⅲ处放大图。
图19为实施例3的主视图。
图20为实施例3的俯视图。
图21为实施例3的立体图。
图22为实施例3中颈椎前路钢板的立体图。
图23为实施例3中压紧片的立体图。
图24为图20的G-G剖视图。
图25为图20的H-H剖视图。
图26为图20的I-I剖视图。
图27为实施例3应用于人体颈部时的示意图。
图28为图27的Ⅳ处放大图。
图29为实施例4的俯视图。
图30为图29的J-J剖视图。
图31为图29的K-K剖视图。
图32为图29的L-L剖视图。
图33为实施例5的主视图。
图34为实施例5的俯视图。
图35为实施例5的立体图。
图36为实施例5中颈椎前路钢板的立体图。
图37为实施例5中压紧片的立体图。
图38为图34的M-M剖视图。
图39为图34的N-N剖视图。
图40为图34的O-O剖视图。
图41为实施例5应用于人体颈部时的示意图。
图42为图41的Ⅴ处放大图。
图43为实施例6的俯视图。
图44为图43的P-P剖视图。
图45为图43的Q-Q剖视图。
图46为图43的R-R剖视图。
图47为实施例7的主视图。
图48为实施例7的俯视图。
图49为实施例7的立体图。
图50为实施例7中颈椎前路钢板的立体图。
图51为实施例7中压紧片的立体图。
图52为图48的S-S剖视图。
图53为图48的T-T剖视图。
图54为图48的U-U剖视图。
图55为实施例7应用于人体颈部时的示意图。
图56为图55的Ⅵ处放大图。
图57为实施例8的俯视图。
图58为图57的V-V剖视图。
图59为图57的W-W剖视图。
图60为图57的X-X剖视图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
参见图1-图5,本实施例包括颈椎前路钢板1、螺钉2和压紧片4。颈椎前路钢板1的厚度为2mm,其上设有两列互相平行布置的螺钉孔组,每列螺钉孔组由两个紧邻的螺钉孔3组成,螺钉2安装在螺钉孔3内;颈椎前路钢板1在相邻的螺钉孔组之间设有透视窗7,透视窗7呈长方形。压紧片4整体呈双U形,其两侧设有开口6,每列螺钉孔组中两个紧邻的螺钉孔3之间设有与压紧片4形状大小相匹配的凹槽5,压紧片4安装在凹槽5内,压紧片4两侧的开口6可以卡紧螺钉2的钉头21。
参见图6-图10,螺钉2为固定角度螺钉,钉头21和钉体22之间的连接部23为圆柱形设计,螺钉2放入螺钉孔3后,连接部23与螺钉孔3的内壁相贴合,螺钉2的轴线与螺钉孔3的轴线在同一条线上,螺钉2无法再调整角度。在颈椎前路钢板1的纵向面,螺钉2的轴线α与该纵向面所在平面(即图2中的A-A剖面和B-B剖面所在的平面)的垂直线β之间的角度为7°或﹣7°(顺时针旋转为负,逆时针旋转为正,下同);在颈椎前路钢板1的横向面,螺钉2的轴线α与该横向面所在平面的垂直线γ(即图2中的C-C剖面所在的平面)之间的角度为8°或﹣8°。
参见图11和图12,使用时,螺钉2从颈椎前路钢板1的螺钉孔3内拧入颈椎,将颈椎前路钢板1固定在颈椎上,待螺钉2的头部进入压紧片4的开口6内时,压紧片4的开口6即卡紧螺钉2的钉头21,将螺钉2固定,防止其松动、脱落。
实施例2:
参见图13-图18,本实施例中螺钉2为可调角度螺钉,钉头21和钉体22之间的连接部23为内凹的弧面设计,螺钉2放入螺钉孔3后,钉体连接部23与螺钉孔3的内壁之间没有贴合接触,螺钉2可以在一定角度范围内调整角度。在颈椎前路钢板1的纵向面,螺钉2的轴线α与该纵向面所在平面(即图13中的D-D剖面和E-E剖面所在的平面)的垂直线β之间的角度可以在-8°到6°或﹣6°到8°之间调整;在颈椎前路钢板1的横向面,螺钉2的轴线α与该横向面所在平面的垂直线γ(即图13中的F-F剖面所在的平面)之间的角度可以在0°到8°或﹣8°到0°之间调整。
本实施例的其余结构和使用方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3:
参见图19-图23,本实施例包括颈椎前路钢板1、螺钉2和压紧片4。颈椎前路钢板1的厚度为3mm,其上设有三列互相平行布置的螺钉孔组,每列螺钉孔组由两个紧邻的螺钉孔3组成,螺钉2安装在螺钉孔3内;颈椎前路钢板1在相邻的螺钉孔组之间设有透视窗7,透视窗7呈长方形。压紧片4整体呈双U形,其两侧设有开口6,每列螺钉孔组中两个紧邻的螺钉孔3之间设有与压紧片4形状大小相匹配的凹槽5,压紧片4安装在凹槽5内,压紧片4两侧的开口6可以卡紧螺钉2的钉头21。
参见图24-图26,螺钉2为与实施例1相同的固定角度螺钉,螺钉2的轴线与螺钉孔3的轴线在同一条线上,螺钉2在螺钉孔3内无法再调整角度。在颈椎前路钢板1的纵向面,螺钉2的轴线α与该纵向面所在平面(即图20中的G-G剖面和H-H剖面所在的平面)的垂直线β之间的角度为7°或﹣7°;在颈椎前路钢板1的横向面,螺钉2的轴线α与该横向面所在平面的垂直线γ(即图20中的I-I剖面所在的平面)之间的角度为8°或﹣8°。
参见图27和图28,本实施例的使用方法与实施例1相同。
实施例4:
参见图29-图32,本实施例中的螺钉2为与实施例2相同的可调角度螺钉,螺钉2在螺钉孔3内可以在一定角度范围内调整角度。在颈椎前路钢板1的纵向面,螺钉2的轴线α与该纵向面所在平面(即图29中的J-J剖面和K-K剖面所在的平面)的垂直线β之间的角度可在﹣8°到6°、﹣2°到10°、﹣6°到8°或﹣10°到2°之间调整;在颈椎前路钢板1的横向面,螺钉2的轴线α与该横向面所在平面的垂直线γ(即图29中的L-L剖面所在的平面)之间的角度可在0°到8°或﹣8°到0°之间调整。
本实施例的其余结构和使用方法与实施例3相同。
实施例5:
参见图33-图37,本实施例包括颈椎前路钢板1、螺钉2和压紧片4。颈椎前路钢板1的厚度为4mm,其上设有四列互相平行布置的螺钉孔组,每列螺钉孔组由两个紧邻的螺钉孔3组成,螺钉2安装在螺钉孔3内;颈椎前路钢板1在相邻的螺钉孔组之间设有透视窗7,透视窗7呈长方形。压紧片4整体呈双U形,其两侧设有开口6,每列螺钉孔组中两个紧邻的螺钉孔3之间设有与压紧片4形状大小相匹配的凹槽5,压紧片4安装在凹槽5内,压紧片4两侧的开口6可以卡紧螺钉2的钉头21。
参见图38-图40,螺钉2为与实施例1相同的固定角度螺钉,螺钉2的轴线与螺钉孔3的轴线在同一条线上,螺钉2在螺钉孔3内无法再调整角度。在颈椎前路钢板1的纵向面,螺钉2的轴线α与该纵向面所在平面(即图34中的M-M剖面和N-N剖面所在的平面)的垂直线β之间的角度为﹢7°或﹣7°;在颈椎前路钢板1的横向面,螺钉2的轴线α与该横向面所在平面的垂直线γ(即图34中的O-O剖面所在的平面)之间的角度为﹢8°或﹣8°。
参见图41和图42,本实施例的使用方法与实施例1相同。
实施例6:
参见图43-图46,本实施例中的螺钉2为与实施例2相同的可调角度螺钉,螺钉2在螺钉孔3内可以在一定角度范围内调整角度。在颈椎前路钢板1的纵向面,螺钉2的轴线α与该纵向面所在平面(即图43中的P-P剖面和Q-Q剖面所在的平面)的垂直线β之间的角度可在﹣8°到6°、﹣2°到10°、﹣6°到8°或﹣10°到2°之间调整;在颈椎前路钢板1的横向面,螺钉2的轴线α与该横向面所在平面的垂直线γ(即图43中的R-R剖面所在的平面)之间的角度可在﹢8°到0°或﹣8°到0°之间调整。
本实施例的其余结构和使用方法与实施例5相同。
实施例7:
参见图47-图51,本实施例包括颈椎前路钢板1、螺钉2和压紧片4。颈椎前路钢板1的厚度为3mm,其上设有五列互相平行布置的螺钉孔组,每列螺钉孔组由两个紧邻的螺钉孔3组成,螺钉2安装在螺钉孔3内;颈椎前路钢板1在相邻的螺钉孔组之间设有透视窗7,透视窗7呈长方形。压紧片4整体呈X形,其两侧设有开口6,每列螺钉孔组中两个紧邻的螺钉孔3之间设有与压紧片4形状大小相匹配的凹槽5,压紧片4安装在凹槽5内,压紧片4两侧的开口6可以卡紧螺钉2的钉头21。
参见图52-图54,螺钉2为与实施例1相同的固定角度螺钉,螺钉2的轴线与螺钉孔3的轴线在同一条线上,螺钉2在螺钉孔3内无法再调整角度。在颈椎前路钢板1的纵向面,螺钉2的轴线α与该纵向面所在平面(即图48中的S-S剖面和T-T剖面所在的平面)的垂直线β之间的角度为﹢7°或﹣7°;在颈椎前路钢板1的横向面,螺钉2的轴线α与该横向面所在平面的垂直线γ(即图48中的U-U剖面所在的平面)之间的角度为﹢8°或﹣8°。
参见图55和图56,本实施例的使用方法与实施例1相同。
实施例8:
参见图57-图60,本实施例中的螺钉2为与实施例2相同的可调角度螺钉,螺钉2在螺钉孔3内可以在一定角度范围内调整角度。在颈椎前路钢板1的纵向面,螺钉2的轴线α与该纵向面所在平面(即图57中的V-V剖面和W-W剖面所在的平面)的垂直线β之间的角度可在﹣8°到6°、﹣2°到10°、﹣6°到8°或﹣10°到2°之间调整;在颈椎前路钢板1的横向面,螺钉2的轴线α与该横向面所在平面的垂直线γ(即图57中的X-X剖面所在的平面)之间的角度可在﹢8°到0°或﹣8°到0°之间调整。
本实施例的其余结构和使用方法与实施例7相同。
Claims (7)
1.一种颈椎前路钢板固定系统,包括颈椎前路钢板和螺钉,颈椎前路钢板上设有若干列互相平行布置的螺钉孔组,每列螺钉孔组由两个紧邻的螺钉孔组成,螺钉安装在螺钉孔内,其特征是:还包括压紧片,压紧片整体呈双U形,其两侧设有开口,所述两个紧邻的螺钉孔之间设有与压紧片相匹配的凹槽,压紧片安装在凹槽内,压紧片两侧的开口可以卡紧螺钉的头部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的颈椎前路钢板固定系统,其特征是:所述螺钉为自攻自钻的固定角度螺钉或可调角度螺钉。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的颈椎前路钢板固定系统,其特征是:当螺钉为固定角度螺钉时,在颈椎前路钢板的纵向面,螺钉的轴线与螺钉所在平面的垂直线之间的角度为7°或﹣7°;在颈椎前路钢板的横向面,螺钉的轴线与螺钉所在平面的垂直线之间的角度为8°或﹣8°。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的颈椎前路钢板固定系统,其特征是:当螺钉为可调角度螺钉时,在颈椎前路钢板的纵向面,螺钉的轴线与螺钉所在平面的垂直线之间的角度可在﹣8°到6°、﹣2°到10°、﹣6°到8°或﹣10°到2°之间调整;在颈椎前路钢板的横向面,螺钉的轴线与螺钉所在平面的垂直线之间的角度可在0°到8°或﹣8°到0°之间调整。
5.根据权利要求1所述的颈椎前路钢板固定系统,其特征是:所述螺钉孔组的数量为两组、三组、四组或五组。
6.根据权利要求1或5所述的颈椎前路钢板固定系统,其特征是:所述的颈椎前路钢板在相邻的螺钉孔组之间设有透视窗,透视窗呈长方形。
7.根据权利要求1所述的颈椎前路钢板固定系统,其特征是:所述颈椎前路钢板的厚度为2到4mm。
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