CN105435541A - 一种防治雾霾的过滤网 - Google Patents
一种防治雾霾的过滤网 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种过滤网,所述过滤网包括边框,边框内固定有至少6层网状结构,所述网状结构从内到外顺序叠加有金属丝网支撑层、多孔纤维层、活性炭层、催化剂层、多孔纤维层和金属丝网支撑层。雾霾空气经过本发明所述过滤网之后,PM2.5颗粒、氮氧化物及硫氧化物都降低到极低水平,有效净化了车内空气,保护了车内人员的呼吸系统健康。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车空气净化领域,具体涉及一种防治雾霾的过滤网。
背景技术
雾霾天气是一种大气污染状态,雾霾是对大气中各种悬浮颗粒物含量超标的笼统表述,尤其是PM2.5(空气动力学当量直径小于等于2.5微米的颗粒物)被认为是造成雾霾天气的“元凶”。
雾是由大量悬浮在近地面空气中的微小水滴或冰晶组成的气溶胶系统。多出现于秋冬季节,是近地面层空气中水汽凝结(或凝华)的产物。雾的存在会降低空气透明度,使能见度恶化,如果目标物的水平能见度降低到1000米以内,就将悬浮在近地面空气中的水汽凝结(或凝华)物的天气现象称为雾(Fog)。
霾,也称灰霾(烟雾)空气中的灰尘、硫酸、硝酸、有机碳氢化合物等粒子也能使大气混浊。将目标物的水平能见度在1000-10000米的这种现象称为轻雾或霭(Mist)。形成雾时大气湿度应该是饱和的(如有大量凝结核存在时,相对湿度不一定达到100%就可能出现饱和)。由于液态水或冰晶组成的雾散射的光与波长关系不大,因而雾看起来呈乳白色或青白色和灰色。二氧化硫、氮氧化物和可吸入颗粒物是雾霾的主要组成。
2013年,“雾霾”成为年度关键词。这一年的1月,4次雾霾过程笼罩30个省(区、市),在北京,仅有5天不是雾霾天。有报告显示,中国最大的500个城市中,只有不到1%的城市达到世界卫生组织推荐的空气质量标准,与此同时,世界上污染最严重的10个城市有7个在中国。
雾霾对人体产生的危害如下:
(1)对呼吸系统的影响
霾的组成成分非常复杂,包括数百种大气化学颗粒物质。其中有害健康的主要是直径小于10微米的气溶胶粒子,如矿物颗粒物、海盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、有机气溶胶粒子、燃料和汽车废气等,它能直接进入并粘附在人体呼吸道和肺泡中。尤其是亚微米粒子会分别沉积于上、下呼吸道和肺泡中,引起急性鼻炎和急性支气管炎等病症。对于支气管哮喘、慢性支气管炎、阻塞性肺气肿和慢性阻塞性肺疾病等慢性呼吸系统疾病患者,雾霾天气可使病情急性发作或急性加重。如果长期处于这种环境还会诱发肺癌。
(2)对心血管系统的影响
雾霾天对人体心脑血管疾病的影响也很严重,会阻碍正常的血液循环,导致心血管病、高血压、冠心病、脑溢血,可能诱发心绞痛、心肌梗塞、心力衰竭等,使慢性支气管炎出现肺源性心脏病等。
另外,浓雾天气压比较低,人会产生一种烦躁的感觉,血压自然会有所增高。再一方面雾天往往气温较低,一些高血压、冠心病患者从温暖的室内突然走到寒冷的室外,血管热胀冷缩,也可使血压升高,导致中风、心肌梗死的发生。所以心脑血病患者一定要按时服药小心应对。
(3)雾霾天气还可导致近地层紫外线的减弱,使空气中的传染性病菌的活性增强,传染病增多。
(4)不利于儿童成长。由于雾天日照减少,儿童紫外线照射不足,体内维生素D生成不足,对钙的吸收大大减少,严重的会引起婴儿佝偻病、儿童生长减慢。
(5)影响心理健康
专家指出,持续大雾天对人的心理和身体都有影响,从心理上说,大雾天会给人造成沉闷、压抑的感受,会刺激或者加剧心理抑郁的状态。此外,由于雾天光线较弱及导致的低气压,有些人在雾天会产生精神懒散、情绪低落的现象。
(6)影响生殖能力
有研究表明,长期暴露于高浓度污染的空气中的人群,其精子在体外受精时的成功率可能会降低。研究人员还发现了有毒空气和男性生育能力下降之间的关联。
2013年11月5日,中国社会科学院、中国气象局联合发布的《气候变化绿皮书:应对气候变化报告(2013)》指出,近50年来中国雾霾天气总体呈增加趋势。其中,雾日数呈明显减少,霾日数明显增加,且持续性霾过程增加显著。
目前,随着交通拥堵,人们越来越长时间的待在各种交通工具中,由于汽车空间狭小,其受雾霾的影响最为巨大。汽车对于车内空气的净化,一般是通过过滤网进行吸附过滤净化。
CN104043298A公开了一种汽车过滤网,包括有壳体,所述壳体的顶部设有进风口,所述壳体的底部设有出风口,所述壳体内设有长丝无纺滤布滤芯,所述长丝无纺滤布滤芯由多层长丝无纺滤布层叠构成,其特征在于:所述壳体内在所述长丝无纺滤布滤芯的下面设有一层活性炭滤芯,所述活性炭滤芯包括无纺布内包裹着的活性炭。
现有技术的过滤网,均是通过过滤或吸附的作用来净化空气,但空气中的氮氧化物或硫氧化物却不能通过过滤或吸附去除。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种防治雾霾的过滤网,该过滤网可以净化雾霾空气,并将空气中的硫氧化物和氮氧化物快速分解,能有效净化车内空气。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种气体用过滤网,所述过滤网包括边框,边框内固定有至少6层网状结构,所述网状结构从内到外顺序叠加有金属丝网支撑层、多孔纤维层、活性炭层、催化剂层、多孔纤维层和金属丝网支撑层;所述催化剂由粉状催化剂组成,其包括载体、活性组分和助催化剂,其特征在于,
所述载体为β沸石,沸石的骨架结构中Si/(Si+Al+P)摩尔比为0.30;
所述活性组分为掺杂有Ce的V2O5/(MoO3)x(WO3)1-x与TiO2混合物,Ce:V2O5/(MoO3)x(WO3)1-x:TiO2的摩尔比为0.25:1:2,且所述二氧化钛为锐钛矿晶型,所述活性组分在催化剂中的重量含量为0.3%-10%,优选0.5-%-8%,更优选2%-5%。例如,0.8%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%、4%、4.5%、5%、5.5%、6%、6.5%、7%、7.5%。所述x为0.1-0.5,例如0.2、0.3、0.4、。
所述助催化剂为银和钯,银与钯的摩尔比为2:5,所述助催化剂在催化剂中的重量含量为0.3%-6%,优选0.5%-5%。例如,0.8%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%、4%、4.5%、5%、5.5%。
优选的,所述活性组分与助催化剂的重量比为5:1~2:1。例如4.5:1、4:1、3.5:1、3:1、2.5:1。
所述催化剂的制备方法可以采取常规的浸渍法以及其他替代方法,本领域技术人员可以根据其掌握的现有技术自由选择,本发明不再赘述。
所述活性炭层包括如下组分:
A)20%-60%的β型硅酸铁,所述β型硅酸铁组成如下所示:
(x+y)M(2/n)O·xFe2O3·yAl2O3·zSiO2·wH2O
式中,M表示阳离子,n是阳离子M的原子价,x+y+z=1,z/x为100-220,w为1以上的正整数;其SiO2/Al2O3的摩尔比为550-800;
B)10%-30%的掺杂有Ce的GdFeO3与TiO2混合物,Ce:GdFeO3:TiO2的摩尔比为0.25:1:2,且所述二氧化钛为锐钛矿晶型;
C)余量的活性炭。
本发明通过选取特定的β沸石作为载体,以及选取特定比例的掺杂有Ce的V2O5/(MoO3)x(WO3)1-x与TiO2混合物作为活性成分,银和钯作为助催化剂,使得该催化剂产生协同效应,通过选取特定的组分A和组分B,使得该过滤网产生协同效应。将其应用于过滤网夹层,雾霾空气经过所述过滤网之后,PM2.5颗粒、氮氧化物及硫氧化物都降低到极低水平,有效净化了车内空气,保护了车内人员的呼吸系统健康。
具体实施方式
本发明通过下述实施例对本发明的过滤网进行说明。
实施例1
通过浸渍法制备得到催化剂,载体为β沸石,沸石的骨架结构中Si/(Si+Al+P)摩尔比为0.30,所述活性组分为掺杂有Ce的V2O5/(MoO3)x(WO3)1-x与TiO2混合物,Ce:V2O5/(MoO3)x(WO3)1-x:TiO2的摩尔比为0.25:1:2,且所述二氧化钛为锐钛矿晶型,所述活性组分在催化剂中的重量含量为4%,所述x为0.25;
所述助催化剂为银和钯,银与钯的摩尔比为2:5,所述助催化剂在催化剂中的重量含量为1%。
所述活性炭层包括如下组合物:
A)40%的β型硅酸铁,所述β型硅酸铁组成如下所示:
(x+y)M(2/n)O·xFe2O3·yAl2O3·zSiO2·wH2O
式中,M表示Ce,n是阳离子M的原子价,x+y+z=1,z/x为150,w为2;
B)30%的掺杂有Ce的GdFeO3与TiO2混合物,Ce:GdFeO3:TiO2的摩尔比为0.25:1:2,且所述二氧化钛为锐钛矿晶型;
C)余量的活性炭。
所述过滤网包括边框,边框内固定有至少6层网状结构,所述网状结构从内到外顺序叠加有金属丝网支撑层、多孔纤维层、活性炭层、催化剂层、多孔纤维层和金属丝网支撑层。
在PM2.5为300时测试,将所述污染空气以接近呼吸速度的1米/秒的速度通过所述过滤网,测试经过滤网处理的空气,其PM2.5值为4,氮氧化物和硫氧化物的含量均降到0.05毫克/立方米以下,远远小于GB/T18883-2002规定的室内空气质量标准的要求。
对比例1
组分A含量70%,不含组分B,其余条件不变,PM2.5值为56,氮氧化物和硫氧化物的值均高于1毫克/立方米。
对比例2
组分B含量70%,不含组分A,其余条件不变,PM2.5值为47,氮氧化物和硫氧化物的值均高于1毫克/立方米。
对比例3
将实施例1的钯替换为Co,其余条件不变,PM2.5值为36,氮氧化物和硫氧化物的值均高于1毫克/立方米。
对比例4
组分A含量70%,不含组分B,其余条件不变,PM2.5值为32,氮氧化物和硫氧化物的值均高于1毫克/立方米。
对比例5
组分B含量70%,不含组分A,其余条件不变,PM2.5值为31,氮氧化物和硫氧化物的值均高于1毫克/立方米。
上述实施例及对比例说明,本发明所述过滤网采用的催化剂几种组分之间存在特定的联系,省略或替换其中一种或几种,都不能达到本申请的特定效果,证明其产生了协同效应。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的过滤网,但本发明并不局限于上述过滤网,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述详细催化剂才能实施所述过滤网。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种气体用过滤网,所述过滤网包括边框,边框内固定有至少6层网状结构,所述网状结构从内到外顺序叠加有金属丝网支撑层、多孔纤维层、活性炭层、催化剂层、多孔纤维层和金属丝网支撑层;所述催化剂部分由粉状催化剂组成,其包括载体、活性组分和助催化剂,其特征在于,
所述载体为β沸石,沸石的骨架结构中Si/(Si+Al+P)摩尔比为0.30;
所述活性组分为掺杂有Ce的V2O5/(MoO3)x(WO3)1-x与TiO2混合物,Ce:V2O5/(MoO3)x(WO3)1-x:TiO2的摩尔比为0.25:1:2,且所述二氧化钛为锐钛矿晶型,所述活性组分在催化剂中的重量含量为0.3%-10%,所述x为0.1-0.5;
所述助催化剂为银和钯,银与钯的摩尔比为2:5,所述助催化剂在催化剂中的重量含量为0.3%-6%;
所述活性炭层包括如下组合物:
A)20%-60%的β型硅酸铁,所述β型硅酸铁组成如下所示:
(x+y)M(2/n)O·xFe2O3·yAl2O3·zSiO2·wH2O
式中,M表示阳离子,n是阳离子M的原子价,x+y+z=1,z/x为100-220,w为1以上的正整数;其SiO2/Al2O3的摩尔比为550-800;
B)10%-30%的掺杂有Ce的GdFeO3与TiO2混合物,Ce:GdFeO3:TiO2的摩尔比为0.25:1:2,且所述二氧化钛为锐钛矿晶型;
C)余量的活性炭。
2.如权利要求1所述的过滤网,其特征在于,所述活性组分在催化剂中的重量含量为0.5-%-8%。
3.如权利要求2所述的过滤网,其特征在于,所述活性组分在催化剂中的重量含量为2%-5%。
4.如权利要求1所述的过滤网,其特征在于,所述助催化剂在催化剂中的重量含量为0.5%-5%。
5.如权利要求1所述的过滤网,其特征在于,所述活性组分与助催化剂的重量比为5:1~2:1。
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