CN105424243B - A method for ultrasonic nondestructive testing of torsional residual stress - Google Patents
A method for ultrasonic nondestructive testing of torsional residual stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN105424243B CN105424243B CN201610009044.XA CN201610009044A CN105424243B CN 105424243 B CN105424243 B CN 105424243B CN 201610009044 A CN201610009044 A CN 201610009044A CN 105424243 B CN105424243 B CN 105424243B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 title claims 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000001260 vocal cord Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001683 neutron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012372 quality testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009662 stress testing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
- G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of torsion residual stress supersonic damage-free detection methods, ultrasonic longitudinal wave forms critical refraction longitudinal wave on the torsional surface of axis by a waveform conversion, the time that critical refraction longitudinal wave is propagated in axis is measured, corresponding torsion residual stress can be calculated by Vocal cord injection.And the frequency by changing ultrasonic longitudinal wave can also measure the torsion residual stress on same torsional surface under different depth.The technological invention can efficiently solve torsion residual stress size distribution problem on different angle torsional surface, find principal direction of stress, the analysis of fatigue strength can also be carried out, production scene, maintenance maintenance scene is highly suitable for be widely used, it is a kind of new method of ultrasound examination residual stress distribution, there is very bright application prospect.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of supersonic damage-free detection method for reversing residual stress, this method is vertical using ultrasonic critical refraction
Wave carrys out the residual stress that detection axis class component generates in twist process in different directions.
Two, background technique
Torsion residual stress is present in the driving members such as cylindrical parts component, axis class component, has important shadow to transmission intensity
It rings.Driving member bears big stress random torsional load during military service, mostly since crackle, surface scratch and internal flaw are led
The fracture of cause, this fatigue fracture are extremely common, serious failure modes.It is disconnected that torsional fracture belongs to low stress torsional fatigue
The reason of splitting, analyzing, cause by fracture macro, microcosmic and hardness profile according to measurement is typically due to be on active service
Cheng Zhong, long-term impact and vibration, bear always the effect of alternate stress, crackle is rapid under direct stress and shear stress compound action
It gradually extends and is broken.
Existing residual stress detection method is mainly orifice method, X-ray diffraction method, electromagnetic method, neutron diffraction method and surpasses
Sound lossless detection method, wherein orifice method has destruction to piece surface, is only used for inspecting by random samples, cannot check in batches, and
And in commission component cannot be detected；The injury that X-ray has injury to human body and its penetration depth is small, neutron diffraction method is to human body
Also very serious, special protection environment is not required nothing more than, and detection device is complicated, is not used to the detection of driving member；Electromagnetism side
Method at present can't quantitative detection residual stress, and influenced by detected component remanent magnetism degree.
Supersonic damage-free detection method because its is flexible and convenient to use, be suitble to scene use, it is harmless, can quantify to detect
Therefore residual stress receives significant attention.The torsion that the present invention detects driving member using ultrasonic critical refraction longitudinal wave is remaining
Stress, can the lossless torsion residual stress to driving member detect, the quality testing of component, fatigue life are commented
Estimate, production quality test etc. all has very important theoretical and realistic meaning.
Patent and service system and related open source literature between knowing internet retrieval 1997~2015 years, there is presently no discoveries
Disclosed paper, patent of invention or the proprietary technology of similar detection driving member torsion residual stress.
Three, summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of supersonic damage-free detection methods for reversing residual stress, solve driving member
The Fast nondestructive evaluation problem of residual stress is reversed, and method has repeatability.
The present invention reverses residual stress in axis surface excitation critical refraction longitudinal wave according to Snell law to detect.Needle
Diameter and design of material to workpiece at different acoustic beam angles sound voussoir, while sound voussoir can according to the direction to be detected, if
The torsion voussoir with axial direction at different angle is counted into, the ultrasonic transducer of a certain frequency is installed at the both ends of sound voussoir, passes through two
A ultrasonic transducer excitation obtains the time that the critical refraction longitudinal wave of shaft is propagated with the time difference for receiving ultrasonic wave, is managed by acoustic elasticity
By the surveyed direction of shaft torsion residual stress.By changing ultrasonic frequency, can detecte out on workpiece torsion curved surface not
With the average torsion residual stress of depth.
Four, Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is torsion residual stress detection schematic diagram main view；
Fig. 2 is torsion residual stress detection schematic diagram top view；
Fig. 3 is torsion residual stress detection schematic diagram sectional view；
Five, specific embodiment
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments below:
Torsion residual stress is that the driving members such as spindle class, cylindrical parts remain in internal answer during processing, military service
Power has a major impact the service life of driving member, safety.Here by taking transmission shaft as an example, the torsion of its 30 ° of torsional directions is detected
Residual stress.
1. axis reverses residual stress testing principle
From Vocal cord injection: when ultrasonic wave is propagated in transversely isotropic elastic media, when the polarization side of fluctuation particle
To with residual stress direction it is consistent or opposite when, ultrasonic velocity knots modification and residual stress variable quantity are linear.Therefore,
It can use the torsion residual stress of ultrasonic critical refraction longitudinal wave detection axis.
Wherein, σ is the torsion residual-stress value that need to be detected；V0It is the spread speed of longitudinal wave in material under zero stress state,
Unit: m/s；K is sonoelastic coefficient；S is the arc length (m) that critical refraction longitudinal wave is propagated on measured axis torsion curved surface；T is detection structure
Time used in part excitation and received ultrasonic signal；t0It is the time used in the excitation of zero stress sample and received ultrasonic signal.
By carrying out zero stress calibration to axis, k and t are determined0, then according to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, installation method shown in Fig. 3, benefit
T when being spoken with ultrasonic testing system calculating can calculate the value of torsion residual stress according to above-mentioned formula.In the process of detection
In, temperature-compensating is carried out in real time, and eliminating temperature change influences stress mornitoring bring.
2. the detection of the torsion residual stress of pair axis different depth
According to Vocal cord injection, penetration depth of the critical refraction longitudinal wave in axis torsional surface is the letter of ultrasonic excitation frequency
Number, frequency more hyposmosis depth is deeper, generally 1 wavelength or so.
So the torsion residual-stress value of different depth lower axle can be detected by changing ultrasonic frequency.
3. the curved surface sound field of critical refraction longitudinal wave
Near transducer axis, ultrasonic wave acoustic pressure highest.When incidence angle (transducer axis and the surface normal of ultrasonic wave
The angle in direction) it is more than or equal to first critical angle θcrWhen less than second critical angle, in interface waveform conversion occurs for incident longitudinal wave,
Critical refraction longitudinal wave is generated in workpiece surface.Critical refraction longitudinal wave is propagated in certain depth along the torsion curved surface of axis, sound wave
When propagation, particle from the near to the distant one layer connects one layer of vibration transmitting, so that energy also successively blazes abroad, receive energy converter with
Angular acceptance identical with transmitting transducer is to echo.
4. data process&analysis
Transmission shaft is surveyed along the distorting stress in 30 degree of directions, generally detects 3~4 times, is averaged as torsion in this direction
Turn residual-stress value.The check of transmission shaft strength need to be carried out by following situation:
1 > transmission shaft is compared in processing or static load, by the distorting stress value measured with the allowable stress value of the axis.
As σ >=[σ], which is unsatisfactory for intensity requirement, and there are security risks, should replace or improve in time in processing technology；
2 > when in processing and when static load, σ≤[σ], it is also necessary to consider axis during military service, by when alternating load axis it is strong
Degree, i.e. σ+σWork≤[σ]。
Wherein, σWorkIt is in the axis course of work by working stress when maximum load in this direction,α is
Torsional direction and axial angle, herein α=30 °；For solid shaftingD is circular section diameter in formula；Hollow shaft
(cylinder)D and d is the outer diameter and inner diameter of circular section respectively in formula.
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| CN106908180B (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-04-24 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Oil-gas pipeline is in uniaxial stress ultrasonic device for measuring |
| CN106872088B (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-04-24 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Adapt to the ultrasonic stress detecting probe device of different curve |
| CN107490446B (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2021-11-02 | 北京理工大学 | Ultrasonic non-destructive testing method for tread stress of high-speed rail wheels |
| US10569368B2 (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2020-02-25 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Plasma transfer wire arc wire feed control system |
| CN109724727B (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2021-01-19 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Method and device for measuring residual stress of curved surface blade of gas turbine |
| CN109490334B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2021-06-01 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Nondestructive testing method for T-shaped forge piece by using residual stress prediction model |
| CN109307568B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-03-02 | 北京理工大学 | Nondestructive testing method for welding residual stress and probe adopting same |
| CN111157628A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-05-15 | 河北工业大学 | An electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation device for depth stress detection |
| CN112362205A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-12 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Ultrasonic measurement probe and measurement method for residual stress of workpiece with irregular surface |
| CN113138048A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-20 | 四川大学 | Nondestructive live-line detection method for cable joint interface pressure based on stress ultrasound |
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| US4210028A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1980-07-01 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Method and apparatus for ultrasonically measuring concentrations of stress |
| CN1028257C (en) * | 1992-04-30 | 1995-04-19 | 河北省电力试验研究所 | Method for nondestructive testing of residual stress |
| CN103808805A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-05-21 | 北京理工大学 | Ultrasonic non-destructive testing method for residual stress of inner and outer roller paths of roller bearing |
| CN104458081B (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2016-07-20 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of method of stress measurement separating main stresses based on ultrasonic surface wave and device |
| CN105004789B8 (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-10-17 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of error correcting method of ultrasonic measurement welding residual stress |
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