CN105413772B - Single multi- component drop preparation facilities and its control method based on integrated micro-channels - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a single/multi-component droplet preparation device based on an integrated microchannel and a control method thereof. The device includes a microchannel plastic film, a discrete phase inlet connector, a discrete phase outlet connector, a continuous phase container, a syringe pump and the like. One end of the microchannel plastic film is connected with the discrete phase inlet joint, and the other end is connected with the discrete phase outlet joint. The discrete phase inlet fitting is connected to a syringe pump, while the discrete phase outlet fitting is submerged in a vessel containing the continuous phase. Discrete phase droplets are generated in the continuous phase container by propelling the discrete phase flow through a syringe pump and controlling the flow rate. The invention can produce monodisperse liquid droplets rapidly and in large flux, and can prepare multi-component liquid droplets, and is expected to be applied in the fields of drug preparation, chemical synthesis, biomedicine and the like.

Description

Single/multi-component droplet preparation device and control method based on integrated microchannel

technical field

The invention relates to the field of microfluidics and the technical fields of chemical industry and biopharmaceuticals, in particular to a single/multi-component droplet preparation device based on an integrated microchannel and a control method thereof.

Background technique

Liquid droplets have been widely used in the fields of drug particle preparation, medical detection and analysis, and fine chemical industry. At present, the methods for preparing droplets mainly include microfluidic preparation method, spray method and capillary droplet control method. Among them, the microfluidic method uses some special fluid flow mechanisms in the microchannel structure to prepare droplets. The droplets produced by it have high uniformity in size and strong controllability, which has significant advantages compared with other methods.

The methods for preparing droplets by microfluidics mainly include T-channel method, fluid focusing method and step emulsification method. Among them, the step emulsification method has the characteristics of good monodispersity, low energy consumption and easy adjustment of production frequency, and its advantages are particularly obvious in actual production. However, the production cycle and high cost of the microchannel equipment required to manufacture stepped emulsification by photolithography and other processing methods are not conducive to actual industrial production. In addition, the large-scale preparation of droplets containing multiple components is also a long-standing technical problem at home and abroad. Realizing the high-efficiency, high-throughput and low-cost production of single-component or multi-component droplets is undoubtedly of great significance to related fields such as chemical industry and biopharmaceuticals.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a single/multi-component droplet preparation device and its control method based on integrated microchannels, the purpose of which is to realize the large-flux preparation of droplets, simplify the droplet preparation process, and reduce the The cost and the ability to produce droplets containing multiple components provide technical support for the development of chemical and biopharmaceutical fields.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is as follows: a single-component droplet preparation device based on integrated microchannels, including a discrete phase input system and a droplet generation system; the discrete phase input system and droplet generation system The system is connected; the discrete phase input system includes: a syringe pump and a discrete phase inlet connector; the syringe pump and the discrete phase inlet connector are connected through a pipeline; the discrete phase inlet connector includes: a joint body, a needle and several capillaries; the The joint body has an inner cavity, the needle inserted into the upper part of the joint main body is connected with the inner cavity of the joint main body, and the needle is connected and sealed with the joint main body through glue; several capillaries are evenly arranged and inserted into the lower part of the joint main body, and are connected with the inner cavity of the joint main body Connected, several capillaries are connected and sealed with the main body of the joint through glue;

The droplet generation system includes: a discrete phase outlet joint, a microchannel plastic film and a continuous phase container; the discrete phase outlet joint is composed of two splints and two backing plates; two backing plates are sandwiched between the two splints , a cavity is formed between two splints and two backing plates; the microchannel plastic film is inserted into the cavity and bonded by glue; the microchannel plastic film contains a series of parallel integrated microchannels The distance between the two splints is h, the distance from the bottom of the microchannel plastic film to the lower bottom surface of the discrete phase outlet joint is l, then l≥3h; the continuous phase container is equipped with a continuous phase, and the discrete phase The outlet joint is submerged in the continuous phase; the several capillaries are inserted into the upper end of the microchannel plastic film.

Further, the contact angle between the material of the discrete phase outlet joint and the discrete phase is greater than 90 degrees.

A multi-component droplet preparation device based on an integrated microchannel, comprising a droplet generation system and N discrete phase input systems; wherein, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; said several discrete phase input systems and droplet generation The system is connected; the N discrete phase input systems all include: a syringe pump and a discrete phase inlet connector; the syringe pump and the discrete phase inlet connector are connected through a pipeline; the discrete phase inlet connector includes: a joint body, a needle and several Capillary; the joint body has an inner cavity, the needle inserted into the upper part of the joint body communicates with the inner cavity of the joint body, the needle is connected and sealed with the joint body through glue; several capillaries are evenly arranged and inserted into the lower part of the joint body, and are connected to the joint body The inner cavity of the joint is connected, and several capillaries are connected and sealed with the main body of the joint through glue;

The droplet generation system includes: a discrete phase outlet joint, a microchannel plastic film and a continuous phase container; the discrete phase outlet joint is composed of two splints and two backing plates; two backing plates are sandwiched between the two splints , a cavity is formed between two splints and two backing plates; the microchannel plastic film is inserted into the cavity and bonded by glue; the microchannel plastic film contains a series of parallel integrated microchannels The distance between the two splints is h, the distance from the bottom of the microchannel plastic film to the lower bottom surface of the discrete phase outlet joint is l, then l≥3h; the continuous phase container is equipped with a continuous phase, and the discrete phase The outlet joint is submerged in the continuous phase;

The first capillary of the first discrete phase input system is connected with the first channel of the microchannel plastic film; the first capillary of the second discrete phase input system is connected with the second channel of the microchannel plastic film; the first capillary of the third discrete phase input system is connected with the second channel of the microchannel plastic film A capillary is connected with the third channel of the microchannel plastic film; the first capillary of the Nth discrete phase input system is connected with the Nth channel of the microchannel plastic film; the second capillary of the first discrete phase input system is connected with the microchannel plastic film The N+1 channel is connected; the second capillary of the second discrete phase input system is connected with the N+2 channel of the microchannel plastic film; the second capillary of the N discrete phase input system is connected with the 2N channel of the microchannel plastic film ,And so on.

The distance between two adjacent capillaries in the discrete phase input system is greater than 5(N+1)h; the passage of the jth capillary connected to the ith discrete phase input system in the microchannel plastic film is connected to the i+1th discrete phase The channel distance of the jth capillary of the phase input system is less than 5h; wherein, i is a positive integer less than N, and j is a positive integer.

Further, the contact angle between the material of the discrete phase outlet joint and the discrete phase is greater than 90 degrees.

A method for controlling a single-component droplet preparation device based on an integrated microchannel, specifically comprising the following steps:

Load the discrete phase into the syringe pump, load the continuous phase into the continuous phase container, start the syringe pump, and the syringe pump pushes the discrete phase to move, and determine the flow Q1 _of the syringe pump according to the required preparation rate; when the flow exceeds the critical value , will lead to a change in the droplet generation mechanism, resulting in a rapid increase in droplet size; the transformation process is determined by the capillary number Ca ₁ =ηU/γ, where η is the viscosity of the discrete phase, U is the flow rate of the discrete phase, and γ is the discrete phase The surface tension between the continuous phase and the continuous phase; since the critical capillary number is between 0.04 and 0.06, in order to ensure that there will be no mechanistic transition due to excessive flow, the capillary number is set to be less than or equal to 0.04, that is, Ca ₁ ≤ 0.04, then the flow rate satisfies Q ₁ ≤0.01nγπd ² /η, wherein, n is the number of channels actually used in the microchannel plastic film, and d is the diameter of the microchannel in the microchannel plastic film; the discrete phase is emulsified stepwise at the outlet joint of the discrete phase, thereby Produce single-component droplets.

A method for controlling a multi-component droplet preparation device based on an integrated microchannel, specifically comprising the following steps:

Load the discrete phase into the syringe pump, load the continuous phase into the continuous phase container, start all the syringe pumps, the syringe pumps drive the discrete phase, determine the flow Q of each syringe pump according to the required preparation rate, and the flow rate of each syringe pump equal; when the flow rate exceeds the critical value, it will lead to a change in the droplet generation mechanism, causing the droplet size to increase rapidly; the transformation process is determined by the capillary number Ca ₂ =η _a U ₂ /γ _a , where η _a is different discrete The average value of the viscosity of the phase, U ₂ is the flow rate of the discrete phase, and γ _a is the average value of the surface tension between the different discrete phases and the continuous phase; since the critical capillary number is between 0.04 and 0.06, in order to ensure that the flow rate will not be too high If the capillary number is less than or equal to 0.04, that is, Ca ₂ ≤0.04, then the flow rate satisfies Q≤0.01nγ _a πd ² /1.4 ^N-1 η _a N, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; The discrete phase emulsifies stepwise at the discrete phase outlet junction, producing multicomponent droplets.

When preparing single-component droplets, the continuous phase and the discrete phase that are immiscible with each other are selected according to the needs. An appropriate amount of surfactant can be added to the continuous phase or the discrete phase. The density of the discrete phase is greater than that of the continuous phase. When preparing multi-component droplets, the continuous phase and multiple discrete phases can be selected according to the needs. Both the continuous phase and the discrete phases are immiscible, but the discrete phases are mutually soluble. An appropriate amount of surfactant can be added to the continuous phase or the discrete phase. The density of each discrete phase is greater than that of the continuous phase.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

(1) Compared with traditional industrial droplet production methods such as spraying method, the monodispersity of the droplets prepared by the device and method of the present invention is good.

(2) Compared with microfluidic liquid droplet preparation methods such as T-shaped structure and fluid focusing structure, the method of the present invention has simple structure and operation, the number of required pumps is small, and the speed of preparing liquid droplets is significantly improved and convenient. Achieve industrial integration and other advantages.

(3) The present invention can prepare complex functional droplets such as multi-component droplets at a relatively large throughput.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for preparing single-component droplets in the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the discrete phase inlet joint in the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional view of the discrete phase inlet joint in the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the front view of the discrete phase outlet joint in the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a top view of the discrete phase outlet joint in the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the assembly drawing of microchannel plastic film and discrete phase outlet joint among the present invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the preparation of single-component droplets in Example 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the critical flow rate of mechanism transformation during the preparation of single-channel droplets in Example 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a device for preparing multi-component droplets in the present invention;

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the preparation of two-component droplets in Example 3 of the present invention;

Fig. 11 is the critical flow rate of mechanism transformation during the preparation of dual-channel droplets in Example 4 of the present invention;

In the figure, a syringe pump 1, a discrete phase inlet connector 2, a connector body 3, a needle 4, a capillary 5, a discrete phase outlet connector 6, a microchannel plastic film 7, a continuous phase container 8, a splint 9, and a backing plate 10.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the accompanying table embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1-6, a single-component droplet preparation device based on integrated microchannels includes a discrete phase input system and a droplet generation system; the discrete phase input system is connected to the droplet generation system; the discrete phase input system is connected to the droplet generation system; The phase input system includes: a syringe pump 1 and a discrete phase inlet connector 2; the syringe pump 1 and the discrete phase inlet connector 2 are connected through pipelines; the discrete phase inlet connector 2 includes: a connector body 3, a needle 4 and several capillaries 5 The joint body 3 has an inner cavity, the needle 4 is inserted into the upper part of the joint main body 3 and communicates with the inner cavity of the joint main body 3, the needle 4 is connected and sealed with the joint main body 3 through glue; several capillary tubes 5 are inserted into the joint main body 3 evenly arranged The lower part of the joint body 3 is connected to the inner cavity of the joint body 3, and several capillary tubes 5 are connected to the joint body 3 by glue and sealed;

The droplet generation system includes: a discrete phase outlet joint 6, a microchannel plastic film 7 and a continuous phase container 8; the discrete phase outlet joint 6 is composed of two splints 9 and two backing plates 10; There are two backing plates 10 sandwiched between them, and a cavity is formed between the two splints 9 and the two backing plates 10; the microchannel plastic film 7 is inserted into the cavity and bonded by glue; The channel plastic film contains a series of parallel integrated microchannels; the distance between the two splints 9 is h, and the distance from the bottom of the microchannel plastic film 7 to the lower bottom surface of the discrete phase outlet joint 6 is l, then l≥ 3h; the continuous phase container 8 is equipped with a continuous phase, and the discrete phase outlet joint 6 is immersed in the continuous phase; the upper ends of the plurality of capillary tubes 5 and the microchannel plastic film 7 are inserted; the material of the discrete phase outlet joint 6 and The contact angle between the discrete phases is greater than 90 degrees.

As shown in Figure 9, a multi-component liquid droplet preparation device based on an integrated microchannel includes a droplet generation system and N discrete phase input systems; wherein, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; the several discrete phases The input system is connected to the droplet generation system; the N discrete phase input systems all include: a syringe pump 1 and a discrete phase inlet connector 2; the syringe pump 1 and the discrete phase inlet connector 2 are connected by a pipeline; the discrete phase The inlet connector 2 includes: a connector body 3, a needle 4 and several capillaries 5; the connector body 3 has an inner cavity, and the needle 4 is inserted into the upper part of the connector body 3 to communicate with the inner cavity of the connector body 3, and the needle 4 is connected to the connector body through glue 3 are connected and sealed; several capillary tubes 5 are evenly arranged and inserted into the lower part of the joint main body 3, and connected with the inner cavity of the joint main body 3, and several capillary tubes 5 are connected and sealed with the joint main body 3 through glue;

The droplet generation system includes: a discrete phase outlet joint 6, a microchannel plastic film 7 and a continuous phase container 8; the discrete phase outlet joint 6 is composed of two splints 9 and two backing plates 10; There are two backing plates 10 sandwiched between them, and a cavity is formed between the two splints 9 and the two backing plates 10; the microchannel plastic film 7 is inserted into the cavity and bonded by glue; The channel plastic film contains a series of parallel integrated microchannels; the distance between the two splints 9 is h, and the distance from the bottom of the microchannel plastic film 7 to the lower bottom surface of the discrete phase outlet joint 6 is l, then l≥ 3h; the continuous phase container 8 is equipped with a continuous phase, and the discrete phase outlet joint 6 is immersed in the continuous phase;

The first capillary of the first discrete phase input system links to each other with the first channel of microchannel plastic film 7; The first capillary of the second discrete phase input system links to each other with the second channel of microchannel plastic film 7; The 3rd discrete phase input system The first capillary of the first discrete phase input system is connected with the third passage of the microchannel plastic film 7; the first capillary of the Nth discrete phase input system is connected with the Nth channel of the microchannel plastic film 7; the second capillary of the first discrete phase input system is connected with the microchannel plastic film 7 The N+1 channel of the channel plastic film 7 is connected; the second capillary of the second discrete phase input system is connected with the N+2 channel of the micro channel plastic film 7; the second capillary of the N discrete phase input system is connected with the micro channel plastic The 2N channels of the thin film 7 are connected, and so on.

The distance between two adjacent capillaries 5 in the discrete phase input system is greater than 5(N+1)h; the channel of the jth capillary connected to the i discrete phase input system in the microchannel plastic film 7 is connected to the i+ 1. The channel distance of the jth capillary of the discrete phase input system is less than 5h; wherein, i is a positive integer less than N, and j is a positive integer; the contact angle between the material of the discrete phase outlet joint 6 and the discrete phase is greater than 90 degrees.

A method for controlling a single-component droplet preparation device based on an integrated microchannel, specifically comprising the following steps:

The discrete phase is loaded into the syringe pump 1, the continuous phase is loaded into the continuous phase container 8, the syringe pump is started, and the syringe pump promotes the movement of the discrete phase, and the flow Q1 _of the syringe pump is determined according to the required preparation rate; when the flow exceeds the critical When the value is higher, the droplet generation mechanism will change, and the droplet size will increase rapidly; the transformation process is determined by the capillary number Ca ₁ =ηU/γ, where η is the viscosity of the discrete phase, U is the flow rate of the discrete phase, and γ is The surface tension between the discrete phase and the continuous phase; since the critical capillary number is between 0.04 and 0.06, in order to ensure that the mechanistic transition will not occur due to excessive flow, the capillary number is set to be less than or equal to 0.04, that is, Ca ₁ ≤0.04, then The flow rate satisfies Q ₁ ≤ 0.01nγπd ² /η, wherein, n is the number of channels actually used in the microchannel plastic film 7, and d is the diameter of the microchannel in the microchannel plastic film 7; the discrete phase occurs at the discrete phase outlet joint 6 Stepwise emulsification to produce single-component droplets.

A method for controlling a multi-component droplet preparation device based on an integrated microchannel, specifically comprising the following steps:

Load the discrete phase into the syringe pump 1, load the continuous phase into the continuous phase container 8, start all the syringe pumps, the syringe pumps push the discrete phase to move, determine the flow rate Q of each syringe pump according to the required preparation rate, each syringe pump The flow rate is equal; when the flow rate exceeds the critical value, the droplet generation mechanism will be transformed, so that the droplet size will increase rapidly; the transformation process is determined by the capillary number Ca ₂ =η _a U ₂ /γ _a , where η _a is The average value of the viscosity of different discrete phases, U ₂ is the flow rate of the discrete phase, γ _a is the average value of the surface tension between the different discrete phases and the continuous phase; since the critical capillary number is between 0.04 and 0.06, in order to ensure that it will not be caused by If the flow rate is too large and the mechanism changes, if the capillary number is less than or equal to 0.04, that is, Ca ₂ ≤0.04, then the flow rate satisfies Q≤0.01nγ _a πd ² /1.4 ^N-1 η _a N, where N is a positive value greater than or equal to 2 Integer; the discrete phase undergoes stepwise emulsification at the discrete phase outlet junction 6, producing multicomponent droplets.

The process of preparing liquid droplets using the device of the present invention is as follows: the syringe pump 1 pushes the discrete phase to move, the discrete phase enters the discrete phase inlet joint 2, and then enters the microchannel of the microchannel plastic film 7 through the capillary 5. Step-type emulsification occurs after the discrete phase enters the discrete phase outlet joint 6 from the microchannel in the microchannel plastic film 7. The principle is that the discrete phase expands circularly in the outlet joint. According to the surface tension theory, the Laplace pressure inside it for where _r1 is the radius of the circle. Since h is much smaller than r ₁ , so When the front end of the discrete phase leaves the outlet joint of the discrete phase and enters the continuous phase, the discrete phase breaks away from the constraints of the splint 9 and begins to expand spherically, and its Laplace pressure is where _r2 is the radius of the sphere. When r ₂ increases to a certain extent, P ₁ is much larger than P ₂ , under this pressure difference, the discrete phase fluid in the discrete phase outlet joint quickly enters the continuous phase container, thereby breaking and forming droplets. During the preparation of multi-component droplets, different discrete phases in adjacent N microchannels will fuse after entering the discrete-phase outlet joint 6, and then form multi-component droplets through step emulsification.

The method of measuring the droplet diameter is as follows: take pictures of the process of droplet generation, use image processing software to determine the proportion of the picture according to the size of the actual component, and then measure the diameter of the droplet according to the proportion.

The preparation of embodiment 1 single-component aqueous phase droplet

(1) The continuous phase is selected as silicone oil, and the discrete phase is deionized water. Add 5% mass fraction of surfactant (Dow Corning 749) to the silicone oil, and put it in a continuous phase container. Add a small amount of rhodamine b to deionized water and fill into a syringe.

(2) A preparation device for making single-component liquid droplets according to the above method. The distance between the two splints of the discrete phase outlet joint is h=0.3mm, and the distance between the microchannel outlet and the underside of the discrete phase outlet joint is 1.3mm. In this example, two channels (3rd and 6th) are used to prepare droplets at the same time. In this example, the flow rate of deionized water is set to 5mL/h as required. Turn on the syringe pump and adjust to the stated flow.

(3) After the deionized water reaches the outlet joint of the discrete phase, it starts to produce droplets, and the diameter of the droplets is about 1.1mm, as shown in Figure 7. The aqueous phase droplets collected at the bottom of the silicone oil container.

Determination of Mechanism Transition Critical Flow Rate during Example 2 Single-channel Droplet Preparation

(1) The continuous phase is selected as silicone oil plus 5% Dow Corning 749, and the discrete phase is deionized water plus a small amount of rhodamine b. The viscosity of water is 1.005mPa·s, the surface tension between silicone oil and water is about 2mN/m, and the inner diameter of the channel is 500 microns.

(2) A preparation device for making single-component liquid droplets according to the above method. The distance between the two splints of the discrete phase outlet joint is h=0.3mm, and the distance between the microchannel outlet and the underside of the discrete phase outlet joint is 1.3mm.

(3) In this embodiment, a single channel is used to prepare droplets, and the flow rate is between 2mL/hr and 66mL/hr, and a value is taken every 4mL/hr. The obtained droplet size is shown in FIG. 8 . It can be seen that when the flow rate increases to 58mL/hr, a mechanistic transition occurs, and the droplet size increases rapidly. The capillary number Ca at this time was 0.041. The critical Ca number used in the present invention is 0.04, so no change in the droplet formation mechanism occurs within the range suggested by the present invention.

The preparation of embodiment 3 two-component aqueous phase droplets

(1) Select the continuous phase as silicone oil, add 5% mass fraction of surfactant (Dow Corning 749) into the silicone oil, and put it in the continuous phase container. The first discrete phase was selected as deionized water with a small amount of rhodamine b added and loaded into a syringe. The second discrete phase was chosen as deionized water with a small amount of Nile blue added and loaded into another syringe.

(2) A preparation device for making two-component liquid droplets according to the above method. The distance between the two splints of the discrete phase outlet joint is h=0.3mm, and the distance between the microchannel outlet and the underside of the discrete phase outlet joint is 1.3mm. In this embodiment, two channels are used to prepare two-component droplets, and the two channels are respectively connected to deionized water added with rhodamine b and deionized water added with nilo blue. The distance between the two channels should be less than 5h=1.5mm, here is 0.8mm. In this example, set the deionized water flow rate to 1mL/h as required. Both syringe pumps were turned on and adjusted to the stated flow rates.

(3) The two kinds of deionized water merge with each other after arriving at the outlet joint of the discrete phase and start to produce two-component droplets with a diameter of about 1.4mm, as shown in Figure 10. The two-component aqueous phase droplets collect at the bottom of the silicone oil container.

Example 4 Determination of the mechanism transition critical flow rate during the preparation of dual-channel droplets

(1) The continuous phase is selected as silicone oil plus 5% Dow Corning 749, the first discrete phase is deionized water plus a small amount of rhodamine b, and the second discrete phase is deionized water plus a small amount of Nile Blue. The viscosity of water is 1.005mPa·s, the surface tension between the silicone oil and the two discrete phases is 2mN/m, and the inner diameter of the channel is 500 microns.

(2) A preparation device for making single-component liquid droplets according to the above method. The distance between the two splints of the discrete phase outlet joint is h=0.3mm, and the distance between the microchannel outlet and the underside of the discrete phase outlet joint is 1.3mm.

(3) In this embodiment, two channels are used to prepare droplets, and the flow rate is between 2mL/hr and 50mL/hr, and a value is taken every 4mL/hr. The obtained droplet size is shown in FIG. 11 . It can be seen that when the flow rate increases to 42mL/hr, a mechanistic transition occurs, and the droplet size increases rapidly. The capillary number Ca at this time was 0.03. The total flow rate of the two discrete phases suggested in the present invention should be less than 0.01Nγ _a πd ² /1.4η _a , and the calculated critical flow rate is 41mL/hr, so the droplet formation mechanism will not change within the proposed range of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A single-component droplet preparation device based on an integrated microchannel, characterized in that it comprises a discrete phase input system and a droplet generation system; the discrete phase input system is connected to the droplet generation system; the discrete phase input The system includes: a syringe pump (1) and a discrete phase inlet connector (2); the syringe pump (1) and the discrete phase inlet connector (2) are connected through a pipeline; the discrete phase inlet connector (2) includes: a connector body (3), needles (4) and some capillaries (5), etc.; the joint body (3) has an inner cavity, and the upper part of the needle (4) inserted into the joint body (3) communicates with the inner cavity of the joint body (3) , the needle (4) is connected and sealed with the joint main body (3) by glue; several capillary tubes (5) are inserted into the lower part of the joint main body (3) evenly, and are connected with the inner cavity of the joint main body (3), and several capillary tubes (5) ) is connected and sealed with the joint main body (3) by glue; The droplet generating system comprises: a discrete phase outlet joint (6), a microchannel plastic film (7) and a continuous phase container (8); the discrete phase outlet joint (6) consists of two splints (9) and two The backing plate (10) is composed; two backing plates (10) are sandwiched between the two splints (9), and a cavity is formed between the two splints (9) and the two backing plates (10); the microchannel The plastic film (7) is inserted in the cavity, and is bonded by glue; the distance between the two splints (9) is h, and the bottom end of the microchannel plastic film (7) is connected to the discrete phase outlet joint ( 6) the distance from the lower bottom surface is l, then l≥3h; the continuous phase container (8) is equipped with a continuous phase, and the discrete phase outlet joint (6) is immersed in the continuous phase; the plurality of capillaries (5) and micro The upper end of channel plastic film (7) is inserted. 2. The single-component droplet preparation device based on integrated microchannel according to claim 1, characterized in that, the contact angle between the material of the discrete phase outlet joint (6) and the discrete phase is greater than 90 degrees. 3. A multi-component droplet preparation device based on an integrated microchannel, characterized in that it includes a droplet generation system and N discrete phase input systems; wherein, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; the several discrete phases The input system is connected to the droplet generation system; the N discrete phase input systems all include: a syringe pump (1) and a discrete phase inlet connector (2); the syringe pump (1) and the discrete phase inlet connector (2) pass Pipeline connection; the discrete phase inlet connector (2) includes: a connector body (3), a needle (4) and several capillaries (5); the connector body (3) has an inner cavity, and the needle (4) is inserted into the connector body The upper part of (3) communicates with the inner cavity of the joint main body (3), and the needle (4) is connected and sealed with the joint main body (3) by glue; several capillary tubes (5) are evenly arranged and inserted into the lower part of the joint main body (3), And connected with the inner cavity of the joint main body (3), several capillary tubes (5) are connected and sealed with the joint main body (3) by glue; The droplet generating system comprises: a discrete phase outlet joint (6), a microchannel plastic film (7) and a continuous phase container (8); the discrete phase outlet joint (6) consists of two splints (9) and two The backing plate (10) is composed; two backing plates (10) are sandwiched between the two splints (9), and a cavity is formed between the two splints (9) and the two backing plates (10); the microchannel The plastic film (7) is inserted in the cavity, and is bonded by glue; the distance between the two splints (9) is h, and the bottom end of the microchannel plastic film (7) is connected to the discrete phase outlet joint ( 6) the distance from the bottom surface of the bottom is l, then l≥3h; the continuous phase container (8) is equipped with a continuous phase, and the discrete phase outlet joint (6) is immersed in the continuous phase; The first capillary of the first discrete phase input system links to each other with the first channel of microchannel plastic film (7); The first capillary of the second discrete phase input system links to each other with the second channel of microchannel plastic film (7); The first capillary of the discrete phase input system is connected with the third channel of the microchannel plastic film (7); the first capillary of the Nth discrete phase input system is connected with the Nth channel of the microchannel plastic film (7); the first discrete phase The second capillary of the input system links to each other with the N+1 passage of the microchannel plastic film (7); the second capillary of the second discrete phase input system links to each other with the N+2 passage of the microchannel plastic film (7); The second capillary of the discrete phase input system is connected with the 2N channel of the microchannel plastic film (7), and so on; The distance between two adjacent capillaries (5) in the discrete-phase input system is greater than 5(N+1)h; the channel of the j-th capillary connected to the i-th discrete-phase input system in the microchannel plastic film (7) and The distance between the channel connecting the jth capillary of the i+1th discrete phase input system is less than 5h; wherein, i is a positive integer less than N, and j is a positive integer. 4. The multi-component droplet preparation device based on integrated microchannel according to claim 3, characterized in that, the contact angle between the material of the discrete phase outlet joint (6) and the discrete phase is greater than 90 degrees.