CN105248082A - Method for rapidly cultivating seed balls of Liatris spicata (L.) Willd - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for rapidly cultivating seed balls of Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. The method comprises the steps of seed sowing, cormel cultivation, large ball cultivation and seed ball harvest and the like. According to the method, the period of seed ball cultivation is obviously shortened, and the diameters of 80% of seed balls cultivated for one year can reach 3.5 cm. During the process of breeding the seed balls by the technology method, artificial substance is used during early stage cultivation, germination rate of seeds is high, weeds are prevented, operation is simple, factory-like operation can be carried out, and standardization degree is substantially increased. Growing periods of the seed balls are short, and ages of the seed balls are appropriate; and diameters of the seed balls are large, blooming rate is high, the number of flowers is large, sizes of the seed balls are uniform, and commercial value is high.

Description

A kind of method for rapidly cultivating hependaisia seed bulbs

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for rapidly cultivating hependai bulbs.

Background technique

Snake whip chrysanthemum, the scientific name is Liatrisspicata (L.) Willd, a perennial herbaceous plant. Underground stems are enlarged and oblate. Flower red purple. The flowering period is summer and autumn. Because most of the small flower heads gather into dense long spikes, the small flowers open from top to bottom, like the rustling tail of a rattlesnake, so named in the shape of a whip. The flowering period of snake whip chrysanthemum is as long as one month, and the natural flowering period is midsummer. The flower stems are erect and the flowers are clear and beautiful. It not only has the beauty of natural flowers, but also has beautiful flower meanings.

Hependai has a long history of being introduced into China. In the early stage, it was mainly used for cut flower cultivation, and in the later stage, it was mainly used as flower beds and garden plants. With the development of the leisure agriculture industry and urban landscape business in recent years, due to the outstanding drought resistance, barren resistance, disease and pest resistance and other excellent performances of snake penis, and the remarkable practical application effect, the amount of snake penis has increased sharply. At present, the high-quality bulbs of Hependai mainly rely on foreign imports, and the cost is relatively high, which limits the wide application of Hependai. It takes two years from sowing to flowering, but the flowering number is very few, and the flower spikes are very short. To achieve a better ornamental effect, the flowering number needs to be more than 3 arrows, the flower spike length is more than 30 cm, and the inflorescence length is 80 cm. Above, the diameter of the bulb needs to reach 3-4 cm, and it takes at least 3-4 years from sowing to the above-mentioned growth state. Judging from the current production and cultivation status, it is basically unrealistic to apply the existing seeding method of Hependai bulbs in the commercial field. The main reasons are: 1. The growth cycle of Hependai is long; 2. The growth of Hependai seedlings is slow. The plants are young, and management is extremely difficult; 3. Hependai has high requirements on the cultivation conditions such as the substrate, and the application time and place are severely limited. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to directly apply the large bulbs of Hependai chinensis to leisure agriculture or urban landscape construction. Domestic producers and researchers have done some practice and research on the cultivation techniques of Hependai. Tieling Forestry Research Institute once announced the sowing and cultivation techniques of Hependai. Searching various other existing literatures and production practices in various places found that these cultivation methods basically use traditional methods to sow seeds and wait for the bulbs to grow slowly. It takes at least 3-4 years for the bulbs to grow to a diameter of 3-4. More than one centimeter, the plants can bloom normally. In addition, the germination rate of seeds in traditional methods is extremely low, and the production capacity is not large. In addition to the defects of long cycle, these methods are not high in scale, there is no standard system for bulb production, and the quality of bulbs is poor, resulting in low commercial value of bulbs.

Therefore, in order to overcome these deficiencies in the prior art, it is necessary to develop a method for rapidly cultivating the bulb of Hependai.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for quickly cultivating hependai seed bulbs, which is used to solve the problems of low germination rate, small yield and long cultivation period of hependai seeds in the prior art. , The degree of scale is not high, there is no standard system for bulb production, the quality of bulbs is not good, and the commercial value is low.

In order to achieve the above purpose and other related purposes, the present invention provides a method for rapidly cultivating the bulbs of Hependai chinensis, comprising the following steps:

Step A: Sowing the Seeds

Select one or more of perlite and sphagnum moss, peat soil, and humus soil as the substrate, sow the seeds of Hependaisia in the substrate, cover and water the seeds with perlite or vermiculite after sowing, and then Cultivate in the environment of 18-22 ℃ until more than 80% of the number of hependai seeds germinate;

Step B: Cultivation of child balls

The germinated Hependai seeds are moved into the greenhouse to cultivate the seed balls. The cultivation of the seed balls is divided into three stages:

The first stage: the ambient temperature is 18-25°C, fertilize with a fertilizer with a weight ratio of N, P, and K of 20:10:20, and cultivate more than 80% of the number of hependai seedlings to two leaves; preferred , the cultivation time of this stage is 14-21 days;

The second stage: the ambient temperature is 15-25°C, fertilize with fertilizer with a weight ratio of N, P, and K of 20:10:20, and cultivate more than 80% of the hependai seedlings to 3 leaves and 1 heart;

The third stage: the ambient temperature is 12-22°C, alternately use fertilizers with a weight ratio of N, P, and K of 15:0:15 and 20:10:20 for fertilization, and cultivate more than 80% of the number of snake penis Seedlings should reach at least 4 leaves and 1 heart;

Step C: Cultivation of Large Balls

First take the original soil of the planting site and adjust it with water to make a thin mud, dip the roots of the hependai seedlings cultivated in the third stage of step C into the thin mud, plant the hependai seedlings, and cover them with covering materials after the seedlings are planted. The material is one or more combinations of pine needles, medicinal dregs, mushroom dregs, and rice straw; preferably one or a combination of two of pine needles or medicinal dregs. , loquat leaves, isatis root dregs, etc., cultivated until the leaves of the Hependai plant wither; preferably, the soil quality of the large ball cultivation base is sandy loam or sandy soil.

Step D: Harvest of the bulbs

After the leaves above the ground of the Hependai plant are all withered, dig the bulbs of Hependai.

Further, step A also includes pre-sowing treatment of the seeds: sowing the Hependai seeds within two weeks after harvesting, or mixing and storing the Hependai seeds with sand after harvesting, and sowing within 10 months.

Further, in step A, when the seeds of Hependaisia are harvested and mixed with sand and stored, the seeds of Hependaisia and sand are mixed at a volume ratio of 1:3, and the moisture content of the sand is 20-40wt%. Said sand is river sand with a particle size between 1-2mm, and the temperature of storage after mixing Hependai and sand is not higher than 4°C.

Further, in step A, perlite is mixed with one or more of sphagnum moss, peat soil, and mulch in a volume ratio of 1:3-4, and the thickness of perlite or vermiculite is covered after the Hependai seeds are sown. 0.1-3cm, and the cultivation time of the hependaisia seeds after covering is 8-15 days.

Perlite is a mineral formed from siliceous volcanic rock, named for its pearl-shaped spherical cracks. This mineral has a closed cellular structure. It has the following characteristics: 1. Good air permeability and moderate water content. When perlite is filled with water, most of the water remains on the surface. Because the water tension is small and easy to flow, perlite is easy to drain and ventilate. Although perlite is water-absorbent It is not as good as vermiculite, but when there is water in the lower layer, perlite can absorb the water in the lower layer into the entire pot through the conduction of water between particles, and maintain considerable permeability, and its water content can fully meet the needs of plant roots. Therefore, when cultivating some flowers with strict water-air ratio requirements, it is better to choose perlite than vermiculite. Especially when cultivating some acid-loving southern flowers, perlite can better reflect its advantages. 2. The chemical properties are stable. The pH value of perlite is pH7.0~7.5. Perlite contains a small number of chemical elements, but most of them cannot be directly absorbed by plant roots. Its pH value is higher than that of vermiculite, which is also suitable for it. One of the reasons for growing southern acid-loving flowers. 3. It can be used alone as a soilless culture substrate, or mixed with peat, vermiculite, etc.

Vermiculite is a mica-like substance formed by heating silicate materials at high temperature, CAS number: 1318-00-9, has good buffering properties, is insoluble in water, and contains magnesium and potassium that can be used by flowers. Excellent substrate for cultivation. Vermiculite is alkaline, and it is often used after treatment with acid solution of pH 5.5-6.5 in soilless cultivation. If it is mixed with strong acid peat, vermiculite can be used continuously for 1-2 times. Vermiculite rapidly loses water and expands during the heating process, and the volume after expansion is equivalent to 8-20 times the original volume, so that the material increases the ventilation pores and water retention capacity. The vermiculite bulk density is 130-180kg/m ³ , showing Neutral to alkaline (pH7-9), vermiculite can absorb 500-650 liters of water per cubic meter, and can release appropriate amount of potassium, calcium and magnesium after steam sterilization. As a horticultural vermiculite, its main function is to increase the aeration and water retention of the cultivation substrate. Because of its fragility, with the prolongation of the use time, it is easy to make the cultivation medium lose the air permeability and water retention due to the increase of density, so the coarse vermiculite can be used for a longer time than the fine vermiculite, and the effect is better. Therefore, gardening For vermiculite, thicker flake vermiculite should be selected. Among the present invention, vermiculite is selected as the cover of the hependai seeds.

Sphagnum moss, whose scientific name is Herba Sphagni, is widely distributed in Northeast China, East China, Central South and Southwest China, as well as Europe, America and Oceania. It can absorb 20 to 25 times its own weight of water and has the functions of ventilation and moisturizing. Peat soil, with an organic matter content of more than 30%, is soft and easy to break up, mostly brown or black, and has flammability and air-breathing properties. Leaf humus is the nutrient soil formed after the leaves of plants are decomposed and fermented by microorganisms in the soil.

Preferably, the peat soil is northeast peat soil.

Preferably, the particle diameters of the perlite in the matrix, the perlite covering the seeds and the vermiculite are all 2-4mm.

Further, the fertilization concentration of the first stage in step B is 50-75ppm, fertilization once a week; the fertilization concentration of the second stage is 100-150ppm, fertilization twice a week; the fertilization of the two kinds of fertilizers described in the third stage The concentration is 100-150ppm, and fertilization is performed twice a week, that is, one of the fertilizers is used for fertilization each time, and the two kinds of fertilizers are used alternately, and each fertilizer is applied once a week. The above fertilization concentrations are mass concentrations.

Further, before planting the Hependai chrysanthemum seedlings in step C, the cultivation base is comprehensively plowed 80-100cm deep, and the decomposed farmyard manure is applied as the base fertilizer in an amount of 1500kg/mu, and then the base fertilizer is covered with soil. The difference between the thickness of the base fertilizer and the thickness of the cover soil is The ratio is 2:3, and 0.75kg/mu of broad-spectrum fungicide is applied. The decomposed farmyard manure is an organic fertilizer that is well known to those skilled in the art, and is obtained by composting and decomposing livestock and poultry manure, manure or crop stalks and the like.

Preferably, the broad-spectrum fungicide is crystal trichlorfon, scientific name O, O-dimethyl-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate, CAS number 52-68 -6.

Further, when planting hependai seedlings in step C, the distance between adjacent seedlings is 30 cm.

Further, when planting the Hependai seedlings in step C, straighten the Hependai seedlings and cultivate the soil, lift the seedlings up slightly, then cover them tightly with soil, and pour water to stabilize the roots.

Further, the inflorescences of flowering plants are removed during the cultivation of large balls in step C. The time for removal should be as early as possible.

Further, in step D, 2 weeks after all the leaves above the ground of the Hependai plant withered, start digging the bulbs of Hependai, when digging the bulbs, start digging from the periphery of the leaves near the root neck of the plant Plant the bulbs to avoid damage to the Hependai bulbs.

As mentioned above, the present invention draws through a large number of experimental studies, and has the following beneficial effects:

1. The bulb cultivation period of Hependai chinensis is obviously shortened. Adopting the traditional seed sowing method to breed hependai bulbs, if the diameter of the bulbs reaches 4-5 cm, it usually takes more than 3 years, and the standard rate of the bulbs will not be higher than 60%. After 1 year of cultivation, the number of bulbs with a diameter of up to 3.5 cm accounted for 80% of the total number of harvested bulbs. After 2 years of cultivation, the number of bulbs with a diameter of more than 5 cm accounted for 80%.

2. The bulbs have a high degree of standardization. The finished product rate of the bulbs bred by the technical method is as high as 85%, which is beneficial to factory production and lays the foundation for large-scale standardized production of bulbs.

3. Save effort and labor. In the process of breeding bulbs in the technical method, an artificial substrate is used during the first year of cultivation, the seed germination rate is high, there are no weeds, the operation is simple, and the cultivation period is shortened. The seed bulbs bred in the first year have high consistency, basically do not need grading treatment, and the bulbs are robust. The operation of breeding large bulbs in the second year is simple, which greatly reduces labor costs.

4. The bulbs are of high quality. The bulbs cultivated by the method of the invention have short growth period, appropriate bulb age, large bulb diameter, high flowering rate, large number of blooms, good bulb size consistency, excellent commodity properties and huge market value.

detailed description

Embodiments of the present invention are described below through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation modes, and various modifications or changes can be made to the details in this specification based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Example 1

A method for rapidly cultivating hependaisia seed bulbs, the steps are as follows:

Step A: Sowing the Seeds

Seed pre-sowing treatment: select the Hependai inflorescences longer than 20 cm for seed harvesting, and throw away the other underdeveloped Hependai inflorescences. On October 15, 2013, the selected hependai seeds were collected. After the seeds were harvested, weeds, stones and other sundries were removed, and then the seeds were spread out for a week in an environment without direct sunlight. Seeds should be sown within two weeks after harvesting. If they are sown after two weeks, the seeds will lose too much water and cause low germination rate.

On October 23, 2013, perlite and Northeast peat soil were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:3 as the matrix, and put into a 200-hole hole tray. Soak the dried seeds in the above step A in clean water for 15 minutes, and then sow them in each plug. After the seeds are sown, cover them with perlite. The thickness of the covering is 0.1-3cm, whichever is just enough to cover the seeds. The perlite in the matrix and the perlite used to cover the seeds is the same perlite with a particle size of 2-4 mm. After covering, pour water thoroughly, move the plug into an environment with a temperature of 18-22°C, spray 2-3 times a day during the cultivation period to keep the substrate moist, and after 10 days, more than 80% of the seeds of Hepenis chinensis began to germinate . The time for germination of more than 80% of the number of hependai seeds from seed sowing is usually 8-15 days.

Step B: Cultivation of child balls

The first stage: After the seeds of Hependai germinated, they were moved into the greenhouse on November 4, 2013 to cultivate the seed balls. From November 4th to November 20th, 2013, keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 18-25°C, and spray water once a day at 11:00 a.m. to keep the surface of the substrate moist within one week after the germination room. On November 11 and November 18, fertilize with a fertilizer with a concentration of 75ppm and a weight ratio of N, P, and K of 20:10:20. During the cultivation period, keep full light and no shade. The leaves of the hependai seedlings cultivated to more than 80% of the quantity grow to 2 pieces.

The second stage: From November 21, 2013, no heating during the day, subject to the natural temperature in the greenhouse, the temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 15-25°C, no spraying for moisturizing, watering and fertilization are synchronized, and N, P are used , K weight ratio of 20:10:20 fertilizer, fertilization concentration of 150ppm, fertilization twice a week, by December 15 more than 80% of the number of seedlings can reach 3 leaves and 1 heart.

The third stage: After December 15th, do not increase the temperature during the day, keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 12-22°C, water the substrate after it dries out, and fertilize once every two times. When fertilizing, use N, P , K weight ratios of 15:0:15 and 20:10:20 fertilizers are alternately fertilized, the fertilization concentration is 150ppm, and fertilization is performed twice a week, that is, one of the fertilizers is used for fertilization each time, and the two fertilizers are used alternately. Each fertilizer was applied once a week. Compared with the second stage, the amount of phosphorus in the fertilizer is appropriately reduced, which is beneficial to control the growth of seedling leaves. By March 20, the root system of the Hependai seedlings is well developed, and more than 80% of the plants have 5 leaves and 1 heart or more. The diameter of the seed balls of this type of Hependai can reach 1.2-1.5 cm, which can be transplanted and cultivated. The growth level of the ball.

Step C: Cultivation of Large Balls

The big ball cultivation base chooses nursery land with good light conditions and good drainage conditions, and the soil quality is sandy loam. Plow the base 80-100cm before planting the Hependai seedlings, make a bed, apply decomposed farmyard manure at an amount of 1500kg/mu as the base fertilizer, and then cover the base fertilizer with soil. The ratio of the thickness of the base fertilizer to the thickness of the covering soil is 2:3 , apply a broad-spectrum fungicide 0.75kg/mu, and the decomposed farmyard manure is an organic fertilizer that is well known to those skilled in the art by composting and decomposing livestock and poultry manure, manure or crop stalks. The broad-spectrum fungicide is preferably Crystal trichlorfon, scientific name O, O-dimethyl-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate, CAS number 52-68-6; Build criss-cross drainage and irrigation ditches on the road and production road, and open planting ditches according to the specifications of 20cm wide and 30cm deep, so that the nursery can meet the requirements of being able to irrigate in drought and drain in waterlogging. The soil naturally absorbs water, and part of the water evaporates naturally. The next evening, the planting holes are made and the seedlings are planted.

When planting snake penis chrysanthemum seedlings, first take the original soil of the planting nursery and adjust it with water to make a thin mud, then dip the roots of the snake penis chrysanthemum seedlings cultivated in the third stage of step C into the thin mud, and then plant the snake penis chrysanthemum seedlings in a field. The distance between adjacent seedlings is 30 cm, and one seedling is planted in each hole. When planting, straighten the Hependai seedlings and cover the roots with a large amount of soil, then gently lift the seedlings to make the roots stretch naturally, then cover the soil tightly and compact them, and pour enough water for rooting. The planting depth of the seedlings is based on the fact that the short stems on the top of the cuttings on the top of the original seedling tray are just buried in the soil. The first watering after planting is called the fixed root water. Use local pine needles for mulch.

From April to September 2014, the weeds were cleared three times, and the compound fertilizer was spread twice on April 25, 2014 and June 20, 2014. The fertilization standard was 2 kg per mu. Inflorescences appeared on some of the hependai plants during the cultivation period, and the inflorescences were removed immediately once the inflorescences grew. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate with high P and K content can be topdressed 1-2 times a month during the cultivation of the large ball.

Step D: Harvest of the bulbs

After the temperature dropped in autumn, the ground plants of Hependai began to wither. Two weeks after all the ground plants withered, on October 10, 2014, the large dead branches and leaves above the ground were removed, leaving enough roots and neck leaves of Hependai , and then start digging the bulbs. When digging the bulbs, dig carefully from the periphery of the leaves on the root neck of the plant to avoid damaging the bulbs. After the bulbs are dug out, the sundries incidental to the bulbs are removed, and they are graded and stored.

According to random statistics, the diameter of more than 80% of the bulbs can reach 4 cm.

Example 2

A method for rapidly cultivating hependaisia seed bulbs, the steps are as follows:

Step A: Sowing the Seeds

Seed pre-sowing treatment: select the Hependai inflorescences longer than 20 cm for seed harvesting, and throw away the other underdeveloped Hependai inflorescences. On October 15, 2013, the selected Hependai seeds were collected. After the seeds were harvested, weeds, stones and other sundries were removed. Since the seeds harvested in this embodiment need to be kept until the second year of sowing, it is necessary to use Store in sand to avoid water loss caused by long-term storage of seeds, which in turn causes low germination rate when seeds are sown. Specifically, the seeds and sand are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:3, and stored in a 4°C constant temperature cold storage, that is, sand storage. The sand used is preferably river sand with a particle size between 1-2mm. The moisture content of the sand It is 20-40wt%.

On February 25, 2014, perlite and sphagnum moss were mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:4 as the substrate, and loaded into a plug tray with a size of 128 holes. Take out the seeds stored in the sand, sieve out the river sand, and then sow the seeds in each hole tray. After the seeds are sown, cover them with vermiculite with a thickness of 0.1-3cm, whichever is just enough to cover the seeds. The particle diameters of the perlite in the matrix and the vermiculite covering the seeds are both 2-4mm. After covering, pour water thoroughly, move the plug into an environment with a temperature of 18-22°C, spray 2-3 times a day during the cultivation period to keep the substrate moist, and after 8 days, more than 80% of the hependai seeds begin to germinate.

Step B: Cultivation of child balls

The first stage: after the seeds of Hependai germinated, they were moved out to the greenhouse on March 6, 2014 for the cultivation of seed balls. From March 6th to March 20th, 2014, keep the greenhouse temperature at 18-25°C. Within a week after moving out of the germination room, spray water once a day at 11 am to keep the surface of the substrate moist. Pull and cover the sunshade net for 2-3 hours of shade. On March 11 and March 18, fertilize with a fertilizer with a concentration of 50ppm and a weight ratio of N, P, and K of 20:10:20, and cultivate more than 80% of the number of seedlings to grow to 2 leaves.

The second stage: From March 19, 2014, the daily temperature and night temperature in the greenhouse shall be based on the natural temperature adjustment of the greenhouse, without heating, the temperature shall be maintained at 15-25°C, no water spraying, watering and fertilization shall be synchronized, Fertilize with a fertilizer with a weight ratio of N, P, and K of 20:10:20. The fertilization concentration is 100ppm. Fertilize twice a week. By April 15, more than 80% of the seedlings can reach 3 leaves and 1 heart.

The third stage: After April 15th, keep the temperature at 12-22°C, water the substrate after it dries out, fertilize once every two times, and use a weight ratio of N, P, and K of 15:0 : 15 and 20: 10: 20 fertilizers are alternately fertilized, the fertilization concentration of the two fertilizers is 100ppm, and the fertilizer is applied twice a week, that is, one of the fertilizers is used for fertilization each time, and the two fertilizers are used alternately, and each fertilizer is used every week Apply each once. Compared with the second stage, the amount of phosphorus in the fertilizer is appropriately reduced, which is beneficial to control the growth of seedling leaves. By May 10, the root system of Hependai seedlings is well developed, and more than 80% of the plants can reach 4 leaves and 1 heart or more. The diameter of the seed balls of this type of Hependai plants is 1-1.3 cm, which can be transplanted and cultivated The growth level of the large balls.

Step C: Cultivation of Large Balls

The large ball cultivation base is selected in a nursery with good light conditions and good drainage conditions, and the soil quality is sandy soil. Before May 10, 2014, that is, before the field planting of Hependai chrysanthemum seedlings, plow 80-100cm in the nursery, make a bed, apply decomposed farmyard manure as a base fertilizer at an amount of 1500kg/mu, and then cover the base fertilizer with soil. The ratio of the thickness of the base fertilizer to the thickness of the covering soil is 2:3, and the broad-spectrum fungicide is applied at 0.75kg/mu. Synthetic organic fertilizer, broad-spectrum fungicide is preferably crystal trichlorfon, scientific name O, O-dimethyl-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate, CAS number is 52- 68-6; Then build criss-cross drainage and irrigation ditches along the main branch road and production road of the nursery, and open planting ditches according to the specifications of 20cm wide and 30cm deep, so that the nursery can meet the requirements of watering in drought and drainage in waterlogging. The day before the seedlings are planted, the furrows are watered thoroughly, the soil naturally absorbs water, and part of the water evaporates naturally. The next evening, the fixed planting holes are made and the seedlings are planted.

On May 12, 2014, began to plant the hependai seedlings, the distance between adjacent seedlings was 30cm, and 1 seedling was planted in every hole.

When planting snake penis chrysanthemum seedlings, first take the original soil of the planting nursery and make a thin mud with water, then dip the roots of the snake penis chrysanthemum seedlings into the thin mud, and then plant the snake penis chrysanthemum seedlings, and when planting, straighten the snake penis chrysanthemum The seedlings should be covered with a large amount of soil on their roots, and the seedlings should be lifted up gently to allow the roots to stretch naturally. The depth of planting is based on the fact that the short stems on the top of the cuttings on the top of the original seedling tray are just buried in the soil. The first watering after planting is called root-fixing water. Slag covered.

From May to September 2014, weeds were cleared three times, and compound fertilizer was applied to the nursery three times on June 25, July 15, and August 10, 2014. The fertilization standard was 2 kg per mu. Inflorescences appeared on a very small number of Hependai plants during cultivation, and were removed as soon as the inflorescences germinated.

Step D: Harvest of the bulbs

After the temperature dropped in autumn, the ground plants of Hependai began to wither. Two weeks after all the ground plants withered, on October 10, 2014, the large dead branches and leaves above the ground were removed, leaving enough roots and neck leaves of Hependai , and then start digging the bulbs. When digging the bulbs, carefully dig around the leaves on the root neck of the plant to avoid damaging the bulbs. After the bulbs are dug out, the sundries incidental to the bulbs are removed, and they are graded and stored.

According to random statistics, the diameter of more than 80% of the bulbs can reach 3.5 cm.

Comparative Example 1:

The prior art method for cultivating hependaisia bulbs comprises the following steps:

A. Seed collection and processing

In October 2013, after the scapes of Hependai chrysanthemum seeds turned brown, the seeds were collected, and the scapes were gently cut off with pruning shears, placed on a plastic sheet for drying, and after drying, they were beaten with wooden sticks to remove debris. Put it in a cloth bag and store it in a ventilated and dry place.

B. to sow seeds

In the last ten days of March 2014, put the dried Tibetan seeds together with the cloth bag into a large tank to soak for 48 hours, change the water 4-6 times, remove the seeds, put them in a plastic basin, soak them in 5% potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 5- 10 minutes, then washed 4 times with water, drained, drained refers to spread the seeds and then dry them, and mix the drained seeds with an equal volume of wet sand.

Seedbed preparation: first turn up the surface soil by 30 cm with a shovel, then level the columbine to ensure that the bed surface is flat without soil clods, and make a sowing with a length of 11 meters, a height of 15-20 cm, a bed width of 112 cm, and a path width of 30 cm. Bed, pour the bottom water the night before sowing.

Sowing: Sowing on the bed surface. Spread the seeds evenly on the seedbed, it is advisable not to expose the bed surface. Then cover with sand and mix with soil, the volume ratio of soil to sand is 3:2. Suppress it twice with an iron roller and then cover the grass with a pull rope. By early May 2014, about 15% of the seeds had germinated.

From the time of watering and sowing to before the emergence of seedlings, pour water for drying once a day in the morning and evening. The principle is to keep the bed surface moist to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. After emergence, reduce the frequency of watering according to soil moisture, weather, and seedling potential.

C. Bulb cultivation

Since the seedlings during this cultivation period are small and there are many weeds, it is necessary to control the weeds. The principle is to pull out the grass as soon as it is seen, so as to prevent the seedlings from being pulled out when the grass is big. When weeding, weed the seedlings, water immediately after thinning to avoid ventilation. Dingmiao in mid-July, 350-400 seedlings per square meter.

D. Harvesting of bulbs

On October 10, 2014, the dead branches and leaves on the Hependai plants were removed, and the bulbs were dug. According to random statistics, more than 80% of the bulbs have a diameter of 1.5-2 centimeters, poor quality and low commercial value.

Comparative example 2:

The prior art method for cultivating hependaisia bulbs comprises the following steps:

A. Cue ball division.

Stored after harvesting bulbs in October 2013. Take it out in March 2014, choose a large ball with a diameter of more than 4 cm and multiple bud eyes, and cut it into 4 small pieces with a sharp knife.

B. Bulb cultivation. Select a field for planting bulbs, plant the above-divided bulbs, cover the bulbs with planting soil to a depth of about 3-4 cm, and weed the bulbs in time after they germinate.

C. Harvesting of bulbs

On October 10, 2014, the dead branches and leaves on the Hependai plants were removed, and the bulbs were dug. According to random statistics, more than 80% of the bulbs have a diameter of 3-3.5 cm, but because the bulbs are divided during planting, there are many bulbs that rot during the growth process and fail to germinate. Moreover, among the harvested bulbs, the bud eyes of the bulbs are uneven, the bulbs have scars, and are susceptible to pests and diseases.

In summary, in the method of the present invention, the period of cultivating the bulbs of Hependaisia significantly shortens, and the diameter of 80% of the bulbs after one year of cultivation can reach 3.5 centimeters. In the process of breeding bulbs of the technical method, an artificial substrate is used in the early cultivation period, the seed germination rate is high, there are no weeds, the operation is simple, factory operation is possible, and the degree of standardization is significantly improved. The growth period of the bulbs is short, and the age of the bulbs is suitable; the diameter of the bulbs is large, the flowering rate is high, the number of blooms is large, the size of the bulbs is consistent, and the commercial value is high.

The above-mentioned embodiments only illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

Steps A: the sowing of seed

One or more selecting in perlite and bog moss, turfy soil, leaf mould mix as matrix, by prairie pine planting seed Medium Culture, adopt perlite or vermiculite cover and water after planting seed, in the environment of 18-22 DEG C, cultivate the prairie pine seed sprouting to more than 80% quantity;

Step B: the cultivation of bulbec

The prairie pine seed of germination is moved into the cultivation that greenhouse carries out bulbec, and the cultivation of bulbec is divided into three phases:

First stage: environmental temperature is 18-25 DEG C, use the fertilizer that N, P, K weight ratio is 20:10:20 to apply fertilizer, the blade cultivated to the prairie pine seedling of more than 80% quantity reaches two panels;

Second stage: environmental temperature is 15-25 DEG C, uses the fertilizer that N, P, K weight ratio is 20:10:20 to apply fertilizer, and the prairie pine seedling cultivated to more than 80% quantity reaches 3 leaf 1 hearts;

Phase III: environmental temperature is 12-22 DEG C, the fertilizer that the weight ratio being used alternatingly N, P, K is respectively 15:0:15 and 20:10:20 applies fertilizer, and the prairie pine seedling cultivated to more than 80% quantity at least reaches 4 leaf 1 hearts;

Step C: the cultivation of large ball

First get the original soil water furnishing thin mud of planting site, the prairie pine kind shoot root cultivated the step C phase III dips in this thin mud, field planting prairie pine seedling, covers with cladding material after field planting seedling, and described cladding material is one or more combinations in pine needle, the dregs of a decoction, mushroom bacteria slag, straw;

Step D: the results of planting ball

The blade more than ground of prairie pine plant starts to dig prairie pine kind ball after all withering.

2. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, steps A also comprises planting seed pre-treatment: sowed after prairie pine seed collection in two weeks, or will mix with sand after prairie pine seed collection and preserve, and sows in 10 months.

3. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, when mixing with sand after prairie pine seed collection in steps A and preserve, prairie pine seed mixes with husky volume ratio of pressing 1:3, the moisture content of described sand is 20-40wt%, described sand is the river sand of particle diameter between 1-2mm, and prairie pine mixes rear temperature of preserving not higher than 4 DEG C with husky.

4. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in steps A, perlite mixes by the volume ratio of 1:3-4 with one or more in bog moss, turfy soil, leaf mould, and the thickness covering perlite or vermiculite after prairie pine planting seed is 0.1-3cm.

5. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step B, the fertilising concentration of first stage is 50-75ppm, applies fertilizer weekly once;

The fertilising concentration of second stage is 100-150ppm, applies fertilizer weekly twice;

The fertilising concentration of two kinds of fertilizer described in the phase III is 100-150ppm, applies fertilizer weekly twice.

6. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, before planting prairie pine seedling in step C, 80-100cm is ploughed deeply to cultivation base comprehensively, well-rotted farmyard manure is applied as base fertilizer by the consumption of 1500kg/ mu, earthing on base fertilizer again, base fertilizer thickness is 2:3 with the ratio of thickness of earth covering, executes broad-spectrum germicide 0.75kg/ mu.

7. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 1, is characterized in that, when planting prairie pine seedling in step C, the spacing of adjacent seedling is 30cm.

8. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 1, is characterized in that, when planting prairie pine seedling in step C, holds up straight prairie pine seedling and the upper soil of training, carries, then cover tightly with soil, water normal root water on seedling is slight.

9. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step C, the large ball nurturing period removes inflorescence to the plant bloomed.

10. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step D, the blade more than ground of prairie pine plant all withered latter 2 weeks, start to dig prairie pine kind ball, when digging kind of ball, near the periphery of collar portion blade, dig a kind ball from plant.