CN105230412A - Biological-physical control method for spartina alterniflora - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a bio-physical control method of Spartina alterniflora. The method of the present invention comprises the following steps: a, physical covering stage: cover and fix the plastic sunshade net on the beach where Spartina alterniflora grows, and enter The next stage; b. Bio-substitution stage: Open holes on the plastic sunshade net to plant the seedlings of Sonnensis apetalum, Candela, Tung Flower, Mouse Bougainvillea and Brine Fern, and seal the beach for maintenance. The present invention introduces biological substitution technology on the basis of physical covering means to realize long-term and effective comprehensive management of Spartina alterniflora, has the advantages of simple operation and low cost, and can realize "returning grass to forest" in the true sense.

Description

A kind of bio-physical control method of Spartina alterniflora

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment protection, and in particular relates to a bio-physical control method of Spartina alterniflora.

Background technique

Spartina alterniflora Loisel is a perennial herb of the genus Spartina alterniflora. Since the introduction in my country in 1979, the growth, spread and spread have caused great damage to the coastal and national agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery industries and the ecological environment of coastal mangroves (Wang Qing et al., 2006). Spartina alterniflora is recognized as one of the exotic weeds in the world, and it has also been included in the list of the first 16 invasive alien species in my country, and its spreading trend is monitored (Chinese Academy of Sciences and State Environmental Protection Administration, 2003). At present, the control of Spartina alterniflora at home and abroad mainly includes physical control, chemical control, biological control and biological substitution (Hedge et al., 2003). Physical control mainly adopts manual pulling out of seedlings, fabric or film covering, continuous cutting and pulling out, flooding, burning and crushing. This type of physical control has obvious effects, but the efficiency of manual and mechanical removal is low, and the cost is also high. Regular repeated treatments are often required, making it difficult to achieve continuous control of Spartina alterniflora. The mulching method is a more commonly used physical method, that is, densely woven silk cloth or plastic film is used to cover the patch of Spartina alterniflora tightly for one to two growing seasons. Spartina alterniflora is more effective (Denise and Sanger, 2004). Existing research on the mulching treatment of Spartina alterniflora shows that the longer the mulching time, the higher the mortality rate of Spartina alterniflora, and usually the mortality rate of Spartina alterniflora on the ground can reach 100% after covering 8-10 weeks (Li Hepeng , 2007). Chemical control refers to the use of effective herbicides for control. There are certain limitations in the use of chemical herbicides to control Spartina alterniflora. Spartina alterniflora grows in the coastal intertidal zone, and tidal flats are periodically flooded by seawater, which easily causes the loss of herbicides, and commonly used herbicides can only be removed Above the surface, it is difficult to control the growth and spread of the root system; herbicides are usually toxic to a certain extent, and may cause certain negative effects on the surrounding ecosystem and human health. Bio-replacement technology is an ecological control technology that uses native plants to replace invasive plants according to the law of plant community succession. The Institute of Tropical Rainforest of the Chinese Academy of Sciences once introduced S. apetalum in Qi’ao Island, Zhuhai in 1999 to replace Spartina alterniflora. Due to its fast growth, S. apetalum can be closed and formed into a forest after one year of planting. It was successful. Alternative to Spartina alterniflora (Tang Guoling et al., 2007). Although S. apetalum can effectively control Spartina alterniflora, large-scale plantation of S. apetalum has resulted in the formation of a large area of artificial pure forest of S. apetalum in the coastal areas of South China. The forest stand has a single structure and is easily attacked by diseases and insect pests. At the same time, S. apetalum is an alien species. , the large-scale planting of S. apetalum is not conducive to the growth of native tree species and the restoration of the local mangrove ecosystem.

In the existing control technology of Spartina alterniflora, the physical control method can realize the removal of Spartina alterniflora in a short time, so it occupies an important position in the prevention and control of Spartina alterniflora, but it needs a lot of labor and the cost is high. And the invasion of Spartina alterniflora cannot be completely eradicated. In the past, the mulching methods lacked the follow-up control of the dead Spartina alterniflora on the ground. Biological competition or biological substitution can continuously and effectively inhibit the growth of Spartina alterniflora through the growth of substitute species, and completely eradicate Spartina alterniflora, but the selection of substitute species has great limitations and a long period.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a bio-physical control method of Spartina alterniflora that is simple in operation, relatively low in cost, and can completely eradicate the invasion of Spartina alterniflora. Threatening the spread of mangrove tidal flats.

Spartina alterniflora bio-physical control method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

a. Physical covering stage: Cover and fix the sunshade net on the tidal flat where Spartina alterniflora grows, and enter the next stage after the growth of Spartina alterniflora is inhibited and the aboveground biomass is reduced by more than 45%;

b. Bio-replacement stage: Open holes on the sunshade net, dig planting holes at the corresponding positions of the holes, and then plant the seedlings of sea mulberry, candela, tung flower, mouse bougainvillea and halofern in the planting holes, and seal the beach for maintenance.

Preferably, the sunshade net is a black plastic sunshade net with a light transmittance of 10%.

Preferably, the shade net covering time is June-September every year; more preferably, July-August every year; a growing season of Spartina alterniflora is generally June-September, wherein July-August is During the most vigorous growth period of Spartina alterniflora, shading and covering during this period can shorten the shading time and achieve the same control effect.

Preferably, the distance between the planting holes is 1.5-2m.

Preferably, the seedlings of Sangria apetalum, candela, tung flower, mouse bougainvillea and brine fern are 1-2 years old and have a stem height of 1-1.5m.

Preferably, the beach sealing maintenance is more than 2 years, timely replanting, timely fertilization and prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

The invention completely eradicates Spartina alterniflora by combining physical covering technology and biological alternative means. Studies have shown that light conditions have a great influence on the growth of Spartina alterniflora. There are significant differences in the growth status, photosynthetic capacity and biomass of Spartina alterniflora under different shading intensities. Shading has a significant effect on the growth of Spartina alterniflora. Significant inhibitory effect. Although the growth of Spartina alterniflora can be controlled by physical covering, it is often effective only in a short period of time and affects the natural landscape. Once the covering is damaged or removed, Spartina alterniflora will re-grow. This control method is divided into two stages of physical covering and biological substitution. Phase one, namely the physical covering period, covered the tidal flats with Spartina alterniflora growth with plastic sunshade nets, and the covering period was about 60 days, so that the growth of Spartina alterniflora was inhibited to a certain extent (aboveground biomass was reduced by more than 45%) ); stage two, namely the bio-replacement period, opening holes on plastic sunshade nets, digging planting holes, and planting fast-growing mangrove plants such as Apetalum sinensis, Tung flower, mouse bougainvillea and halofern, etc. Grass competes for light resources and occupies its living space. Sonnensis apetalum is a fast-growing tree, and the height of the tree can generally reach 15-20m. Once a canopy is formed, it can naturally shade Spartina alterniflora. Native mangrove plants such as mulberry and halofern have strong shade tolerance and are suitable for growing under sea mulberry forests. The invention introduces biological substitution technology on the basis of physical covering means to realize long-term and effective comprehensive management of Spartina alterniflora. The invention adopts a sunshade net instead of an airtight plastic film to cover, does not need to manually remove the Spartina alterniflora in advance, has permeability, and will not affect the soil ecological environment and the growth and reproduction of benthic organisms.

Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention mainly include: (1) Through the comparative study of indicators such as the physiological ecology and growth adaptation of Spartina alterniflora under the coverage of plastic sunshade nets with different light transmittances, the lethal criticality of Spartina alterniflora is determined. Light intensity, with the lowest coverage density to achieve a lower input-output ratio; (2) This technology does not require physical operations such as pulling out or plowing Spartina alterniflora, reducing labor input; (3) Combining biological means of competition and substitution Realize the complete eradication of Spartina alterniflora, and realize the true sense of "returning grass to forest".

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows the growth of Spartina alterniflora under different shading conditions in pot experiments.

Figure 2 shows the growth of Spartina alterniflora per square meter after shading for 60 days.

Figure 3 is the vigorous growth of Spartina alterniflora before covering.

Figure 4 is a black plastic sunshade net covered and fixed on the tidal flat where Spartina alterniflora grows vigorously.

Figure 5 shows the effect of replacing Spartina alterniflora with mangrove communities after 2 years of beach sealing and maintenance.

detailed description

The following examples are to further illustrate the present invention, rather than limit the present invention.

Example 1

The implementation sample site is in the mangrove nature reserve of Qi'ao Island, Zhuhai, Guangdong, and the area of Spartina alterniflora is about 300 square meters.

1. Pre-experiment: choose the best light transmittance of the sunshade net

Shading experiment of Spartina alterniflora shading potted plants: 4 kinds of shading treatments were set up with black plastic sunshade nets with different light transmittance, and the light transmittances were 100% (no shade), 45%, 30% and 10%, respectively. The last three shading treatments are located in a shade shed formed by a 2.5m high iron frame covered with a black nylon net. Spartina alterniflora seedlings with a stem length of about 10 cm were planted under four different light conditions, and the cultivation substrate was sea mud from Qi’ao Island, Zhuhai. After half a year of shading, the growth of Spartina alterniflora under each treatment was compared, and the results were It showed that the sunshade net with 10% light transmittance had the best inhibitory effect on the growth of Spartina alterniflora (Fig. 1). Under the conditions of light transmittance of 100% (no shading), 45% and 30%, Spartina alterniflora can maintain a certain growth rate, and can flower and set ears normally, and the inhibitory effect of shading is not significant ( figure 1). In order to achieve a good treatment effect and lower input costs, plastic sunshade nets with a light transmittance of 10% are used as covering materials.

2. Shade net covered with Spartina alterniflora

Spread black plastic sunshade nets with a light transmittance of 10% on the tidal flats where Spartina alterniflora grows vigorously (as shown in Figures 3 and 4). The area of the sunshade nets is determined according to the actual growth range of Spartina alterniflora. In the example, the area of the sunshade net is 10m*30m. A rope is fixed every 5m on the edge of the sunshade net, and the other end of the rope is fixed on the tidal flat surface with wooden stakes, so that the sunshade net is as close as possible to the beach surface, so as to compress the growth space of Spartina alterniflora and facilitate the planting of mangrove seedlings. The shade time is from June 30, 2015 to August 30, 2015.

3. Planting mangrove seedlings

After 2 months of covering with the shade net, the biomass of S. alterniflora decreased by 46% (Fig. 2). The type and the suitable spacing for planting are determined) to cut out a hole with a diameter of 0.3m, dig out a planting hole on the tidal flat corresponding to the hole (the size of the hole is 30cm in diameter, 40cm in depth), and plant sea mulberry, Mangrove plants such as candela, tung flower tree, mouse bougainvillea and halogen fern all use seedlings that have grown for 1-2 years and have a stem height of 1-1.5m. The mixed planting of S. apetalum with strong shade-tolerant tung flower, agaricus, and halofern can make the mangrove community configuration better, and the inhibitory effect on Spartina alterniflora is better.

4. Management after planting

After mangrove planting, management and protection need to be strengthened: 1) The beach should be closed for more than 2 years, and special personnel should be managed and protected to prevent human and animal trampling; 2) Diseases and insect pests should be prevented; 3) Timely replanting and timely fertilization should be carried out to ensure the effectiveness of afforestation. Realize the replacement of Spartina alterniflora with native mangroves and restore damaged mangrove communities.

5. Implementation effect

This technology has achieved good implementation results in the test site of Zhuhai Qi'ao Mangrove Nature Reserve (as shown in Figure 5). The mangrove community has replaced Spartina alterniflora to achieve initial results. The removal rate of Spartina alterniflora is over 80%. The survival rate of mangrove afforestation is over 80%. Suitable for wider promotion.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of Spartina alterniflora bio-physical control method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: a. Physical covering stage: Cover and fix the sunshade net on the tidal flat where Spartina alterniflora grows, and enter the next stage after the growth of Spartina alterniflora is inhibited and the aboveground biomass is reduced by more than 45%; b. Bio-replacement stage: Open holes on the sunshade net, dig planting holes at the corresponding positions of the holes, and then plant the seedlings of sea mulberry, candela, tung flower, mouse bougainvillea and halofern in the planting holes, and seal the beach for maintenance. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said sunshade net is a black plastic sunshade net with a light transmittance of 10%. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the covering time of the sunshade net is June-September every year. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the covering time of the sunshade net is July-August every year. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the planting holes is 1.5-2m. 6 . The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that, the seedlings of Sangria apetalum , Candela , Tung Flower , Mouse Bougainvillea , and Brine Fern are 1-2 years old and have a stem height of 1-1.5m. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the maintenance of the beach sealing is more than 2 years, timely replanting, timely fertilization and prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.