CN1810079A - Method of controlling exotic species Spartina alterniflora - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological engineering. Spartina alterniflora was introduced into my country in early 1980, which played a positive role in protecting my country’s coastal coastline and promoting siltation and land formation. However, as an invasive alien species, its strong reproductive ability and tall and dense population characteristics have affected the biodiversity of coastal tidal flats in my country. It has a series of adverse effects on sex and aquaculture. In 2003, it was included in the first batch of 16 invasive species blacklists in my country by the State Environmental Protection Agency. The control of Spartina alterniflora has become a worldwide problem. In the existing control technology, the manual and mechanical removal investment is large, and it is difficult to continue without benefits; the chemical control of herbicides has environmental pollution; the biological control of natural enemies and pathogenic bacteria has serious ecological security problems. However, the present invention utilizes ecological engineering design to realize ecological risk-free biological control of Spartina alterniflora, which enriches and develops the connotation of traditional biological control, and can generate huge economic benefits in the process of control, which greatly encourages people to actively implement control interaction. The enthusiasm of Spartina has truly realized the optimization and unity of economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits.

Description

A method of controlling alien species Spartina alterniflora

1. Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological engineering.

2. Background technology

Spartina aterniflora is native to the United States and is a perennial salt marsh plant that grows in the intertidal zone. The root system of Spartina alterniflora is extremely developed. The plant is strong and tall, with large biomass. The role of silting land and greening beaches. At that time, my country's coastal areas were often hit by natural disasters such as storm surges and typhoons, and large areas of seawalls were damaged, which caused great harm to the economy, people's lives and property in coastal areas. For this reason, Spartina alterniflora was introduced into coastal tidal flats in my country in early 1980, and has made significant contributions in many aspects such as protecting beaches, promoting siltation and land reclamation, promoting economic development in coastal areas, improving the ecological environment of tidal flats, and reducing disasters. On the other hand, Spartina alterniflora is an exotic species with strong reproductive ability. It grows vigorously, reproduces quickly, and has tall and dense plants. It competes strongly with native species, changing the landscape of muddy flats and the habitat of native species. Environment. After more than 20 years of development, Spartina alterniflora has formed a dominant community of invasive alien species of more than 50,000 hm ² in coastal areas of China, which has a series of adverse effects on biodiversity and aquaculture in coastal areas of China. Coastal areas bring a series of negative effects. For example, Spartina encroached on the places where shellfish were raised in tidal flats, causing shellfish to be unable to move freely, grow healthily, and even suffocate to death in the dense Spartina shoal; some shellfish had to migrate outside Spartina shoal; The invasion and deposition of Spartina was accelerated, affecting the access of ships. In summer and autumn, the fallen leaves of Spartina alterniflora drift with the tide and enter the tidal flats or shallow sea algae breeding grounds, which will have a certain impact on the production of laver, kelp and other seaweeds and the quality of the products. The current measures to control Spartina alterniflora are:

Physical methods: mainly manual excavation and mechanical removal, which consume a lot of manpower and material resources and have no economic benefits. Not only is the efficiency low, people's enthusiasm is low, and the government needs to fund and organize manpower.

Chemical methods: use herbicides, but herbicides usually only remove the part above the ground surface, and have poor effects on seeds and roots in tidal flat soil, and there are pollution problems.

Biological control: Traditional biological control refers to the use of natural animal natural enemies and pathogenic microorganisms to control alien invasive species. As an alien invasive species, its natural enemies and pathogenic microorganisms are also alien species. Therefore, traditional biological control has great ecological risks and is still in the experimental stage.

There are many drawbacks and deficiencies in the above measures, and require a large amount of input without economic benefit output, so it is difficult to implement them for a long time.

Spartina alterniflora was included in the blacklist of 16 invasive species in my country by the State Environmental Protection Agency in 2003, and the control of Spartina alterniflora has become a worldwide problem. At present, there are no relevant research reports on control methods that are both beneficial to the control of the exotic species Spartina alterniflora and have good economic benefits.

3. Contents of the invention

(1) the problem to be solved in the present invention is:

①Physical prevention and control is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and the investment is not profitable. People are less motivated to participate in the prevention and control, and require a large amount of government funding and organizational manpower and material resources;

②Pollution problems of chemical control;

③ The natural enemies and pathogenic microorganisms used in biological control are also alien species, which have great ecological security problems and poor prevention effects;

④ Improve economic benefits, ecological benefits and economic benefits.

(2) The concrete technical route of the present invention is as follows:

Harvest the aboveground part of S. alterniflora at a suitable time, soften and shorten it with a crushing machine, adjust the water content to about 65%, and mix the silage enzyme preparation evenly with it, then compress and seal it for storage, and it will become palatable when the fermentation is completed. Good quality pasture feed can be digested by ruminants, and the biomass of Spartina alterniflora can be transformed by using ruminants with greater economic value, which can promote the biological control of Spartina alterniflora, and at the same time, huge economic benefits and social benefits.

The specific method is:

(1) Harvest and process during the neap tide period of 8, 9, 10 and 11, when Spartina alterniflora is rich in nutrients and suitable for water;

(2) The harvested Spartina alterniflora is immediately treated with a straw kneading mill to soften and shorten the stalks, and the stalks are processed into a 5-8cm grass filament;

(3) Evenly mix the silage enzyme preparation with the softened and shortened Spartina alterniflora silk at a ratio of 1:1000, add 100kg of water to each ton of Spartina alterniflora silk, and immediately compress and bundle with a square baler Cuboid grass blocks;

(4) Wrap each piece of compressed cuboid grass block with high-quality silage plastic stretch film to seal and ferment or use a larger plastic film in the silo (trench) to seal the grass block as a whole, and then extract the air in the film for depletion. oxygen fermentation;

(5) Feed ruminants such as cattle and sheep with silk Spartina alterniflora or feed ruminants such as cattle and sheep with silage Spartina alterniflora, and realize the biological control of Spartina alterniflora by digesting Spartina alterniflora .

(3) The present invention compares with prior art, and its remarkable progress is:

The number of sheep in the country will reach 300 million, and the number of cattle in stock will reach 157 million, of which there will be more than 10 million dairy cows, and the annual gap of high-quality pasture in my country will reach 3 million tons. On the other hand, Spartina alterniflora, which has strong fecundity and high biomass in tidal wetlands, has not been utilized and wasted in vain. Moreover, the single dominant population of Spartina alterniflora with large area and huge biomass still poses a threat to my country. Aquaculture and biodiversity in coastal tidal flat areas have also brought a series of adverse effects. Every year, a large number of Spartina alterniflora dies and causes secondary pollution to the marine environment. Therefore, in 2003, Spartina alterniflora was included in my country's first blacklist of 16 invasive species by the State Environmental Protection Agency. The control of Spartina alterniflora is very urgent and has become a worldwide problem. The present invention adopts ecological engineering design: utilizes mechanical, enzyme and biological treatment to transform organic matter and special components such as rich crude fiber and crude protein of Spartina alterniflora into high-quality pasture feed with rich nutrition and good palatability, and utilizes ruminants to digest mutual Spartina alterniflora realizes the biological control of Spartina alterniflora. Through the digestion and utilization of a large number of ruminant economic animals, the problem of the shortage of high-quality forage in my country has also been solved, which has brought huge economic benefits. The connotation of traditional biological control of Spartina. The invention can enable coastal people to obtain greater economic benefits from the action of controlling Spartina alterniflora, greatly encourages people's enthusiasm for actively implementing control of Spartina alterniflora, and creates an effective way for coastal farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich. It plays a positive role in promoting the sustainable development of coastal areas, truly realizes the "win-win" of ecological benefits and economic benefits and good social benefits, and realizes the optimization and unity of economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits.

The invention does not require government investment for the prevention and treatment of the alien species of Spartina alterniflora, and can fully promote the advantages and avoid disadvantages of Spartina alterniflora, and truly realize the organic unity of economic, ecological and social benefits in the process of controlling Spartina alterniflora.

The invention overcomes the deficiencies of previous physical, chemical and biological control of Spartina alterniflora, and can generate better economic benefits in the process of control, so as to promote the control with economic benefits. The invention not only avoids the pollution caused by chemical control of alien species and the ecological risk that may be caused by natural enemy control, but also reduces the government's investment in the prevention and treatment of alien species Spartina alterniflora, and realizes the sustainable ecological control and protection of Spartina alterniflora. sustainable economic development.

4. Specific implementation

The biomass of a large amount of alien species Spartina alterniflora that is difficult to use can be transformed into high-quality pasture feed for ruminants through ecological engineering design, and the control of Spartina alterniflora is realized through the digestion of a large number of ruminant economic animals. The specific implementation methods are as follows:

1. Timely harvesting: Harvest on sunny days during the neap period of August, September, October, and November, when Spartina alterniflora has a large biomass and rich organic matter. At this time, Spartina alterniflora is easy to harvest and rich in nutrients. Softening and shortening are performed immediately after harvesting.

2. Softening and shortening treatment: The harvested Spartina alterniflora is immediately treated with a straw kneading mill to soften and shorten the straw, and the straw is processed into a 5-8cm grass filament and then fed to cattle and sheep. Wait for ruminants, or feed it as silage Spartina alterniflora.

3. Adjust the water content: It has been proved by experiments that the moisture content of silage raw materials is 65%, and it is best to adjust according to the specific situation: when it is too wet, it is aired, and when the water content is low, it can be adjusted by adding water to achieve the best effect. For example, the moisture content of the aerial part of Spartina alterniflora is generally about 55%, and 100 kg of water (1000×65%-1000×55%=100kg) should be added per ton during silage of Spartina alterniflora to make the water content 65%.

4. Silage of Spartina alterniflora: Generally speaking, the hollow straw is not easy to silage because there is a lot of air inside, but this shortcoming can be overcome after special treatments such as using silage enzymes, adjusting water content and compressing. Evenly mix the silage enzyme preparation with the softened and shortened Spartina alterniflora silk at a ratio of 1:1000, add 100kg of water to each ton of Spartina alterniflora silk, and immediately compress and bundle it into a cuboid with a square strapping machine Grass, to reduce the volume and discharge part of the air, and wrap and seal with high-quality silage plastic stretch film to become a grass that can be fermented independently. The grass can be stacked and stored in the open air, which is more convenient and can be silaged in large quantities, but this needs to be purchased Silage plastic stretch film wrapping machinery, plastic film also causes "white" pollution to the environment. If there is no silage plastic stretch film wrapping machine, the compressed and baled grass blocks can be piled up in the silage pit (trench) for fermentation treatment: a larger thick plastic film is first laid on the bottom of the silage pit (trench) to make There is also a layer of plastic film lining the bottom and surroundings of the cellar (trench), and a layer of 10-15 cm thick soft Spartina alterniflora silk is laid on the thick plastic film at the bottom, and the bundled Spartina alterniflora grass blocks are placed neatly on the In the silo (trench), add soft Spartina alterniflora grass silk on the top of the grass pile, compact it and make the top protrude into a steamed bun shape, and then cover the top with a plastic film to hold down the plastic film next week. And seal the plastic film on the top and the next week with adhesive tape, and finally use a vacuum pump to extract the air in the film, seal it, and carry out anaerobic fermentation for 4 to 6 weeks.

5. Realization of biological control: Since Spartina alterniflora contains more sugar, suitable crude fiber, promoting protein, crude fat, salt and rich vitamins, trace elements and flavonoids, after silage fermentation, it will Spartina alterniflora is transformed into a more palatable and nutritious high-quality forage feed, and Spartina alterniflora is used to feed ruminants such as cattle and sheep. Through the digestion of a large number of ruminants, biological control of Spartina alterniflora is realized without ecological risk.

6. Feeding experiment: The experiment of feeding dairy cows with Spartina alterniflora in Tailaishen Dairy Co., Ltd., Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province showed that feeding dairy cows with Spartina alterniflora instead of high-quality alfalfa and silage corn not only did not affect the Affect the daily milk yield and milk quality of dairy cows, and slightly improve (see Table 1.).

Table 1. Milk yield and quality

Note: A-test group 1: use Spartina alterniflora to replace 2/3 of the alfalfa hay, and the rest of the diet is the same as that of the dairy cows in the control group;

B-Experimental group 2: use Spartina alterniflora to replace 1/2 of the silage corn, and the rest of the diet is the same as the dairy cow group of the control group;

C-Control group: group of cows not fed Spartina alterniflora.

Claims (1)

1. A method for controlling alien species Spartina alterniflora, characterized in that: (1) Harvest and process during the neap tide period of 8, 9, 10 and 11, when Spartina alterniflora is rich in nutrients and suitable for water; (2) The harvested Spartina alterniflora is immediately treated with a straw kneading mill to soften and shorten the stalks, and the stalks are processed into a 5-8cm grass filament; (3) Evenly mix the silage enzyme preparation with the softened and shortened Spartina alterniflora silk at a ratio of 1:1000, add 100kg of water to each ton of Spartina alterniflora silk, and immediately compress and bundle with a square baler Cuboid grass blocks; (4) Wrap each piece of compressed cuboid grass block with high-quality silage plastic stretch film to seal and ferment or use a larger plastic film in the silo (trench) to seal the grass block as a whole, and then extract the air in the film for depletion. oxygen fermentation; (5) Feed ruminants such as cattle and sheep with silk Spartina alterniflora or feed ruminants such as cattle and sheep with silage Spartina alterniflora, and realize the biological control of Spartina alterniflora by digesting Spartina alterniflora .