CN105230323B - A kind of growth-promoting binary stereoscopic configurations pattern against corrosion suitable for feldspathic sandstone small watershed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-corrosion and growth-promoting dual three-dimensional configuration mode suitable for the typical landform structure in the arsenic sandstone area. By adopting different control modes for different three-dimensional space positions such as slope tops, ditch slopes, and ditch bottoms, different control modes are implemented. The combination of vegetation and the implementation of corresponding engineering measures have played a very good role in curing the sandstone, promoting vegetation growth, maintaining water and soil to prevent soil erosion in the sandstone area; this method not only fixes soil and sand, but also promotes the vegetation in the sandstone area. recover.

Description

A binary three-dimensional configuration model of anti-corrosion and growth-promoting for small watersheds of Pisha sandstone

Technical field:

The method relates to an anti-corrosion and growth-promoting binary three-dimensional configuration mode suitable for small watersheds of sandstone, and belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration in arid and desertified areas.

Background technique:

The arsenic sandstone belongs to a special landform structure in the Loess Plateau area, with red and white alternates, and is mainly distributed in the area centered on the border between Shanxi, Shaanxi and Mongolia. Due to the bare surface, coupled with the interaction of water erosion, wind erosion and gravity erosion, the local extremely serious soil erosion has become the main source of coarse sand in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. When there is no water, the arsenic sandstone is as hard as a rock, but when it meets water, it becomes soft and muddy in a very short time, and at the same time, it is severely eroded by wind. Because the terrain in this area is broken, the climate is dry, the annual rainfall is less than 400mm, the water retention of the surface soil is poor, the vegetation is scarce, and the ecosystem is extremely fragile. Moreover, the local heavy rain is concentrated, and the sandstone is not resistant to water erosion, which often causes large-scale loss of water and soil in the sandstone during the rainy season.

At present, the water and soil control measures in the arsenic sandstone area are mainly natural restoration of closed mountains and artificial plantation of forest land, mostly concentrated on Liangmao slopes and plateaus, and few control methods for ditch slopes and gullies. However, in the entire system composed of Liangmaoding-ditch slope-ditch, the erosion caused by surface runoff, source erosion, and sediment transport are inseparable. Therefore, only using the above-mentioned conservation and management methods cannot well solve the problems of fragile ecosystems and large-scale soil erosion. Moreover, the slope surface is exposed seriously, and due to wind erosion, water erosion, gravity erosion, etc., there is often a large area of arsenic sandstone collapse, and there is no good efficient and low-cost treatment method; and the rainwater collection place in the ditch, the water flow often carries a large amount of water. Sediment flows away, but cannot form an effective interception, resulting in soil erosion. The engineering measures for water and soil control in the Pishasha area are currently mainly the construction of check dams, but the construction conditions are difficult, and the service life of the check dams is short after completion, so the effect is not good.

At present, the treatment measures for the arsenic sandstone area are single and distributed regionally, and the maximum effect of biological measures and engineering measures has not been effectively exerted, and the treatment efficiency is low.

Contents of the invention

In order to prevent and control soil and water loss in the Pisha Rock area more effectively, the inventors aimed at the typical landform structure in the Pisha Sandstone area—the topography and landform differentiation characteristics of slopes and channels, combined the Pisha Sandstone water and soil conservation materials and the Pisha Sandstone anti-corrosion and growth-promoting project with the existing Some organic sandstone biological treatment measures have been organically combined to realize the overall comprehensive treatment from the slope top-slope surface-ditch system.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dual three-dimensional configuration mode of anti-corrosion and growth-promoting that is suitable for small watersheds of Pisha sandstone.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, including steps:

1) Collocation of vegetation in each region

In the ditch, arbor x shrub or arbor x rhizome herb are planted together;

On the top of a gentle slope with a slope <30°, choose arbor x shrub, arbor mixed forest and pure forest or shrub mixed forest and pure forest; sow grass seeds between the ditch edge and the intercepting ditch, and on the side of the intercepting ditch away from the ditch edge Closely plant one or more rows of shrubs to form a flexible dam; plant a row of vine-like herbaceous plants at a distance of 0.5m from the edge of the ditch;

Artificial planting of plants is not carried out on slopes with slopes greater than 70°; shrubs x herbaceous plants are used on slopes of 35° to 70°; among them: shrubs x vine-like herbs are used on slopes of 45° to 70° Planting; 35°～45° slopes are planted with shrubs x semi-shrubs, shrubs x rhizome herbaceous plants or shrubs x vine-like herbs; slopes below 35° are planted with shrubs x herbaceous plants.

2) Build interception ditches and cellars at the top of the slope

Dig the interception ditch (A3) at a distance of 1-2m from the ditch edge, the width of the interception ditch is 0.3-1m, and the depth is 0.5-1m;

Dig cellars (A4) at a distance of 5-10m from the ditch edge. The cellars have a small mouth and a large belly, and are 1-2m deep. Set up one cellar every 30-50m.

Spray high-concentration anti-seepage curing agent on the surface of the intercepting ditch and the cellar for anti-seepage treatment.

3) The way of vegetation planting

Slope top with a gentle angle: use mechanical digging, hole-shaped soil preparation, character planting, plant-to-row spacing 1-3m×1-5m;

Planting by sowing is adopted between the ditch edge and the intercepting ditch; the vine-like vegetation on the ditch edge is planted in a hole shape with a spacing of 0.5m;

Plant seedlings on slopes of 45°～70° in the form of hole-like characters, the row spacing of shrubs is 0.5~1.5m×0.5~1.5m, and the vine-like vegetation is interspersed among the shrubs, and the row spacing of trees is 0.5~1m×0.5~1.5m;

Plant seedlings on slopes of 35°-45° in a hole-like manner. The row spacing of shrubs is 0.5-1.5m×0.5-1.5m, and the semi-shrubs are between shrubs. The row spacing of plants is 0.5-1m×0.5-1m, with herbs Plant spreading, density 2～5g/m ² ;

On slopes below 35°, use strips of densely planted shrubs, with a row spacing of 1m to 2m, and sow herb seeds; plant 1 to 2 rows of trees on the banks of the ditch and at the junction with the slope, with a row spacing of 2 to 5m×2 ～5m, densely plant 1-2 rows of shrubs in the arbor, with a row spacing of 0.1～0.5m×1～2m; use strips of densely planted shrubs in the ditch, with a row spacing of 1～5m, and sow grass seeds between the rows.

4) Spray W-OH series polymer curing material

Spray an organic polymer curing agent on the slope top between the ditch edge and the intercepting ditch, such as W-OH with a concentration of 4-8%, and the spray thickness is 0.5-1mm; it can achieve anti-seepage and promote vegetation germination and growth role. Spray a growth-promoting and anti-corrosion organic polymer curing agent on slopes <35°, such as W-OH with a concentration of 2-4%, and the spraying thickness is 0.5-1mm; it can achieve the effect of promoting growth and consolidating the soil at the same time; Spray an anti-corrosion and growth-promoting organic polymer curing agent on the slope of 35°～70°, such as W-OH with a concentration of 2-4%, and the spraying thickness is 0.5-2mm, which can prevent the spalling of the sandstone and keep moisture. Effect; spraying on the slope above 70° can completely consolidate the curing agent, such as W-OH with a concentration of 8-10%, spraying thickness of 1-2mm can achieve the effect of anti-seepage and anti-weathering, and Use for a long time.

5) Lay flexible grid material

From the top of the slope at a distance of 1m from the ditch to the slope with a slope of <35°, a high-toughness polymer fiber grid is laid to consolidate the sandstone; the size of the flexible grid is 0.2-1m×0.2-1m, and each node uses Rivets for fastening.

6) Set rolling dam

A small rolling dam is built in the ditch perpendicular to the flow direction of the ditch, and the construction materials are new dam-building materials; the height of the dam body is controlled at 1-3m.

The new dam-building material refers to the modified arsenic sandstone obtained by mixing the modified material and the arsenic sandstone evenly. The modified material can be: inorganic gel material or organic polymer adhesive. The inorganic cementitious material is: a mixture of one or more of cement, lime, gypsum and other cementitious materials. The dosage is to mix with 50-200g of modified materials per 1000g of Pisha sandstone, and add 50-150g of water when mixing; The molecular adhesive is 0.1-1.0% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution or 0.1-1.0% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium aqueous solution, and the dosage is 50-100g of organic polymer aqueous solution for every 1000g of Pisha sandstone.

For better results, use the following construction sequence:

The construction sequence at the top of the slope is: a. planting trees and shrub seedlings; b. excavating interception ditches and water cellars; c. digging pits and planting vine-like vegetation seedlings; d. sowing grass seeds;

The construction sequence of the slope surface is: a. planting shrubs, semi-shrubs and vine-like vegetation seedlings; b. laying flexible grids for consolidation; c. sowing grass seeds; d. spraying curing agent.

The construction sequence of the ditch is: a. planting trees and shrub seedlings; b. building rolling dams; c. sowing grass seeds.

The terms used in this patent have the following meanings:

The top of the slope (A) refers to the part of the plateau, which is generally covered with loess, aeolian sand or exposed arsenic sandstone. The terrain is gentle, the angle is generally <30° and relatively stable.

Slope (B, C and D): refers to the unstable slope that is exposed or covered with a small amount of loess and sandy soil.

According to the stability of the slope surface and the suitable conditions of vegetation, the angle can be divided into: >70° slope (B), 35°～70° slope (C), <35° slope (D); the actual The slope in is a combination of one or more of the above.

The channel (E) refers to the riverbed formed by seasonal rainfall and the silted sand on both sides of the riverbed. The terrain is flat, the soil is loose, and the angle is <30°, which is relatively stable.

One of the two "yuan" refers to the three-dimensional structure of the slope top-slope-ditch; the other "yuan" refers to the type of measures.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) The present invention comprehensively analyzes and compares all control measures for the first time, and selects the most suitable control measures according to different site conditions. Combine organically to carry out comprehensive management of the slope-ditch system.

(2) For the first time, the method of the present invention starts from two angles of treatment measures and spatial distribution, and constructs a maintenance treatment method that integrates anti-corrosion and growth-promoting water and soil conservation materials, plant collocation, and engineering measures for the typical area of arsenic sandstone. The three-dimensional configuration integration technology of measure type and spatial distribution binary structure has been formed; the whole system of spatial three-dimensional structure from slope top, slope surface, ditch to ditch bottom constructed by this method can be used as the most basic The unit covers the typical geographical environment of the Pishasha small watershed.

(3) The method of the present invention matches and combines the solidification measures of soil and water conservation materials, different vegetation collocation measures, and corresponding engineering measures. Compared with the current control measures, it is more systematic and optimized, and has a wide range of adaptability. The effect is obvious in terms of maintenance and ecological benefits.

Description of drawings

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of this method, where: A: slope top, B: >70° slope, C: 35°～70° slope, D: <35° slope; E: channel area; A1: arbor , A2: shrubs, A3: intercepting ditches, A4: cellars; B1: vine-like herbs; C1: shrubs, C2: rhizome-like herbs, C3: vine-like herbs; D1: herbaceous plants, D2: shrubs; E1: Arbor, E2: shrub, E3: rhizome herbaceous plant.

Figure 2 Pit planting Chinese pine

Figure 3 Treatment effect on slopes above 70°

Figure 4: Treatment of 35°～70° slope: seabuckthorn x velvet vine with planting

Figure 5: Treatment of slopes below 35°: seabuckthorn × bison grass combined planting

Figure 6: The effect of treatment on slopes below 35°: the growth of bison grass under drought conditions

Figure 7: The treatment effect on the slope of 35°-70°: the growth of bison grass two days after the rain, showing that the velvet vine forms a large area of coverage, and the bison grass has a high survival rate.

Figure 8: Treatment effect in the ditch: Herbs have germinated

Figure 9: Treatment effect in the ditch: Salix germinates in the ditch

detailed description

In order to understand the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited.

Example 1

In Erhugougou, a small watershed in Geqiugou, Nuanshui Township, Zhungeer Banner, Ordos, the invention was tested.

In order to facilitate observation of test phenomena, observation of test data and analysis of test results, a segmented test is carried out on the entire spatial configuration mode.

(1) Vegetation collocation on the slope and establishment of interception ditch and cellar

a. Choose a gentle slope edge area for plantation of Chinese pine plantation, use mechanical digging, hole-shaped soil preparation, planting with characters, and the spacing between plants and rows is 2m×2m.

b. Excavate the interception ditch parallel to the ditch at a distance of 1.5m from the ditch edge, with a depth of 40-50cm and a width of 30-40cm. Spray W-OH with a concentration of 4-6% in the ditch to prevent water infiltration.

c. Dig cellars 4 to 8 meters away from the side of the intercepting ditch along the ditch. The depth of the cellar is 1 to 2 m, and then select buckets with small mouths and large belly to bury them, and set one every 30 to 50 m. Store rainwater in the rainy season and cover it for treatment, and use it in the water-scarce season.

Because the right side is the road, only one row of Pinus tabulaeformis can be planted in holes, as shown in Figure 2. Dig the intercepting ditch at a distance of 1.5m from the ditch and solidify it, and set up a cellar at the same time.

Results: The survival rate of Pinus tabulaeformis was 100%, which indicated that the combined effect of cave-shaped pits, intercepting ditches and cellars minimized the erosion of slope surface by rainwater. The local observation results show that the rainwater on the slope is mainly trapped in cave-like pits and cellars, and the interception ditch is not completely filled by the water flow in September when the rainfall intensity is the highest, and it can completely intercept the rainwater flowing to the slope.

The results show that: in the existing environment of the Pisha sandstone area, the combination of cave pits, intercepting ditches and cellars is sufficient to intercept the water at the top of the slope, and avoid further erosion of the slope while achieving full use of rainwater.

(2) Slope configuration mode and treatment measures

①Slope above 70°

Spray W-OH curing agent with a concentration of 10% on the slope surface, and the spraying thickness of the unit solution is 0.2cm to 0.3cm.

Result: After 6 months of observation and testing, the soil surface still has a waterproof layer, which can prevent water infiltration, prevent rainwater from eroding the slope, and completely avoid wind erosion. The effect is shown in Figure 3.

②Slope of 35°～70°

a. Seabuckthorn seedlings are planted in a hole-shaped pattern, with a row spacing of 0.8m×0.8m. 1) Sprinkle bison grass seeds between rows of seabuckthorn at a density of 5-10g/m ² . 2) Plant velvet vine seedlings between rows of seabuckthorn, with a row spacing of 0.5×0.5m.

b. Spray the curing agent W-OH with a concentration of 4% to 6%, and the spraying thickness of the unit solution is 0.2cm.

Results: After 6 months of observation and testing, the results show that after spraying the curing agent, the consolidation layer on the surface of the Pisha sandstone has always existed, which can effectively prevent the erosion and erosion of the soil by surface runoff, and play a role in curing and promoting growth. At the same time, seabuckthorn is growing well, with a survival rate of 91.6%; bison grass has a survival rate of over 80%, and its growth is good. The velvet vine forms a large area of coverage, almost covering the soil surface where seabuckthorn is not planted, and the coverage rate reaches 78.4%. At the same time, velvet vines grow prostrate, forming a biological covering layer on the surface, interacting with the chemically solidified layer, and jointly solidifying the arsenic sandstone area on the slope. The feasibility of the configuration mode of the method of the present invention and the excellent soil conservation effect are proved.

③Slope below 35°

a. Seabuckthorn seedlings are planted in strips, the spacing between plants is controlled within 0.5m, and the row spacing is 1-2m. Sow bison grass seeds on the slope with a density of 3-5g/m ² .

b. Spray the curing agent W-OH with a concentration of 2% to 4%, and the spray thickness of the unit solution is 0.2cm.

Results: After 6 months of observation and testing, the results showed that spraying the curing agent can effectively promote the germination of plant seeds, and the moisture content in the soil increased by 0.8-2.2% compared with the uncured area. The detection of soil loss in the test area and the control area shows that the soil loss in the test area is reduced by 97.2%. It shows that the method can effectively prevent the loss of soil, and at the same time help to restore the growth of vegetation.

(3) Treatment measures in the ditch

Plant 1 row of Hebei Poplar on the banks of the ditch and at the junction with the slope, with a spacing of 3m; between the rows of Hebei Poplar, plant 2 rows of Caragana, with a spacing of 0.5m×1m. Salix salix was planted densely in stripes in the ditch, with a row spacing of 1m×1m, and bison grass seeds and Agropyron mongolica seeds were mixed between the rows.

Effect: After 6 months of observation and testing, the result is: the water content in the soil has increased by 2% to 5% compared with the untested area, and the thickness of the intercepted sediment has increased by 2 to 5cm. It shows that the method effectively improves the water content of the soil and intercepts a large amount of sediment. Spraying the curing agent according to the method can effectively promote the germination of plant seeds.

By collecting data and observing the growth of plants, it has been fully proved that this anti-corrosion and growth-promoting binary three-dimensional configuration model has an excellent effect of anti-corrosion and growth-promoting for the governance of small sandstone watersheds.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of growth-promoting binary stereoscopic configurations method against corrosion suitable for feldspathic sandstone small watershed, it is characterised in that including step：

1) collocation of each regional vegetation

Using the herbal collocation plantation of arbor × shrub or arbor × rhizome type in raceway groove；

In the gradient<30 ° of gentle slope top, selection arbor × shrub, arbor mixed forest and pure forest or shrub mixed forest and pure forest Collocation plantation；Grass seed is broadcasted sowing between bank and intercepting drain, in intercepting drain away from bank side dense planting a line or multirow shrub, Form flexible dam；A line tendril shape herbaceous plant is being planted at bank 0.5m；

It is more than 70 ° of the domatic artificial growth without plant in the gradient；Planted in 35 °~70 ° of domatic use shrubs × draft The collocation plantation of thing；Wherein：45 °~70 ° domatic use shrub × tendril shape herbaceous plant collocation plantations；35 °~45 ° domatic to adopt With shrub × rhizome type herbaceous plant or shrub × tendril shape herbaceous plant collocation plantation；Less than 35 ° domatic use shrub × grass The collocation plantation of this plant；

2) intercepting drain and cellar are set up on slope top

Intercepting drain, a width of 0.3~1m of intercepting drain are being dug at 1~2m of bank, depth is 0.5~1m；

Dug up the ground at 5~10m of bank, cellar is that the small tripe of mouth is big, and depth is 1~2m, and every 30~50m sets one；

Spray the impermeable curing agent of high concentration and carry out Anti-seeping technology in the surface of intercepting drain and cellar；

3) planting patterns of vegetation：

The gentle slope top of angle：Using digging pit with machine, cave-shaped site preparation, the plantation of product word, seeding row spacing 1~3m × 1~5m；Bank and cut Used between stream ditch and broadcast sowing plantation；Tendril shape vegetation at bank, using the cave-shaped plantation of strain, spacing 0.5m；

45 °~70 ° of the cave-shaped product word mode of domatic use plants seedling, shrub seeding row spacing 0.5~1.5m × 0.5~1.5m, rattan Planted between climing shape vegetation between shrub, seeding row spacing 0.5~1m × 0.5~1.5m；35 °~45 ° of the cave-shaped product word mode of domatic use Plant and planted between seedling, shrub seeding row spacing 0.5~1.5m × 0.5~1.5m, fruticuli between shrub, seeding row spacing 0.5~1m × 0.5 ~1m, collocation herbaceous plant is broadcasted sowing, 2~5g/m of density²；Less than 35 ° domatic use strip dense planting shrubs, line-spacing 1m~2m takes Broadcasted sowing with herbaceous plant seeds；The ditch of raceway groove both sides on the bank and with domatic boundary using plantation 1~2 row arbor, seeding row spacing 2~ 5m × 2~5m, the row shrub of dense planting 1~2, seeding row spacing 0.1~0.5m × 1~2m between arbor plant；Strip is used in raceway groove Dense planting shrub, 1~5m of line-spacing, in the ranks broadcasts sowing grass seed；

4) W-OH series macromolecular curing materials are sprayed

The W-OH that slope top spraying concentration between bank and intercepting drain is 4-8%, sprays thickness for 0.5-1mm；<35 ° of slopes Face spray concentration is 2-4% W-OH, sprays thickness for 0.5-1mm；At 35 °~70 ° it is domatic on spray concentration be 2-4% W- OH, sprays thickness for 0.5-2mm；Spray concentration is 8-10% W-OH on domatic more than 70 °, sprays thickness for 1-2mm；

5) flexible web material is laid

From the slope top at bank 1m to the gradient<35 ° of domatic place, the macromolecular fibre establishment grid consolidation of laying high tenacity Feldspathic sandstone；Flexible mesh size is 0.2~1m × 0.2~1m, and each node is fixed using rivet；

6) overflow dam is set

Small-sized overflow dam is built perpendicular to raceway groove water (flow) direction in raceway groove, building materials uses dam material；Dam body is highly controlled System is in 1~3m；

The dam material refers to the modification feldspathic sandstone after material modified and feldspathic sandstone is mixed evenly；It is material modified to be： Inorganic coagulation material or organic macromolecular adhesives；Inorganic coagulation material is：One kind in cement, lime, gypsum plaster Or a variety of mixtures, consumption is to be mixed and stirred per 1000g feldspathic sandstones with 50-200g is material modified, and water 50-150g is added when mixing and stirring； Organic macromolecular adhesives are：Concentration 0.1-1.0% polyvinyl alcohol water solution or 0.1-1.0% sodium carboxymethylcelluloses is water-soluble Liquid, consumption is to be mixed and stirred per 1000g feldspathic sandstones with the 50-100g organic polymer aqueous solution.