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CN105209841A - 用于减小气体压力并且使气体液化的站 - Google Patents

用于减小气体压力并且使气体液化的站 Download PDF

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CN105209841A
CN105209841A CN201480009656.8A CN201480009656A CN105209841A CN 105209841 A CN105209841 A CN 105209841A CN 201480009656 A CN201480009656 A CN 201480009656A CN 105209841 A CN105209841 A CN 105209841A
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gas
station
pressure
heat
station according
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G.帕热斯
F.马库奇利
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Cryostar SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
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    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0232—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes integration within a pressure letdown station of a high pressure pipeline system
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种站，所述站包括：膨胀涡轮12；用于回收在膨胀涡轮中的气体压力减小期间产生的机械功(G)的装置；冷却系统(6)，其包括压缩装置(C1、C2、C3)；冷凝装置(14)，其用于使用由冷却系统提供的低温来使气体液化(G11)；用于回收由冷却系统的压缩装置(C1、C2、C3)产生的热量的装置；以及用于加热在膨胀涡轮上游的气体的装置(10)，所述装置(10)与热量回收装置相关联。

Description

用于减小气体压力并且使气体液化的站
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于减小气体压力并且用于使气体液化(尤其是天然气)的站。
因此，本发明的领域是气体处理领域，尤其是用于产生液化天然气的天然气处理领域。
背景技术
液化天然气用于不同应用。液化天然气主要用作车辆的燃料，尤其是运输卡车的燃料。一般用于这类车辆的燃油可实际上由加压气体或液化天然气所替代。与使用瓶装加压气体相比，使用液化气体在体积和重量方面提供优点，这是由于：一方面，通过冷却而液化的天然气占据的体积比相同量的气态天然气少得多；另一方面，低温储罐的热绝缘比气瓶的套壳(jacket)轻得多。因此，车辆具有更多的自主性。液化天然气还是清洁能源，其限制了如煤烟等细颗粒的排放。
液化天然气还可用于对小型燃气发电厂进行供应或用于对村落中的小型网络进行供应。
气体管线或管线是用来在压力下传输气态材料的管线。大多数气体管线在抽气区与消耗或输出区之间运送天然气。气体从气田的处理场地或存储场地以高压(从16巴至大于100巴)传输至输送场地，在输送场地处必须使气体的压力低得多，以便气体可以使用。
为此目的，气体通过减压站，其中借助通过阀或涡轮的膨胀来减小气体的压力。因此而实现的压力减小产生了能量，所述能量在阀的情况下失去。
有已知的气体膨胀系统使用进入减压站的天然气作为系统中的制冷剂，所述系统可描述为开放环路(林德循环、索尔文循环或克劳德循环)。在这些系统中，所运用的事实是，天然气存在于高压之下。天然气在阀中膨胀，并且在此膨胀期间，气体中的小部分得以液化。收集所获得的液体，并且从阀中出来的冷低压天然气被运送至减压站的低压管。这些系统的优点是相对简单，但因为从阀中出来的所获温度取决于气体的组成，并且因为天然气的组成是可变的，所以使用这些系统来液化的气体主要是如丁烷或丙烷的重气体，而不是甲烷。这种气体液化方法也被称为闪蒸(flashing)。
进入减压站并通过阀或涡轮的全部气体在发生的压力下降期间得到冷却。气体仍含有水和二氧化碳，其含量约为100ppm或1%。冷凝现象可因此在这个膨胀步骤期间发生，所述冷凝现象能够造成可能会阻塞管的冰(水合物)的形成。因此有必要处理气流，以防止包含在天然气中的水和二氧化碳在管中转变成冰并因此对在减压站中处理天然气期间运送天然气造成问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的尤其在于提供一种装置，所述装置使得有可能通过控制所获液化气体的组成来在减压站的场地处使气体液化，尤其使天然气液化。有利的是，根据本发明的设备将使得有可能回收由减压站的入口与出口之间的气体压力差值所产生的膨胀能量，以便产生液化天然气部分，同时避免在这些站的管内部形成冰。所述设备将还优选地容易使用并具有简单的设计。
为此目的，本发明提出一种用于减小气体压力并且用于使气体液化(尤其是天然气)的站，所述站包括：
-膨胀涡轮；
-用于回收在减小气体压力期间产生的机械功的装置；
-制冷系统，其包括压缩装置；以及
-冷凝装置，其用于使气体液化。
根据本发明，这个站还包括：用于回收由制冷系统的压缩装置产生的热量的装置，所述装置与用于加热在膨胀涡轮上游的气体的装置相关联。
因此，这种站提供用于集成在天然气膨胀之前对天然气的加热与制冷剂的冷却，同时节省用于制造液化(天然)气体的大量能量和/或气体。
在与减压站相关联的高压管与低压管之间始终保持呈气态形式的(天然)气体的流动。基于天然气的100m3体积，例如5m3至15m3转变成液化天然气。可在两个压力水平之间的膨胀期间在这里回收功，以便随后用于将(天然)气体中的小部分(5%至15%)转变为液化(天然)气体。
通过回收由用于使气体液化的压缩装置发出的热量，气体的加热发生在例如减压站的入口(即，膨胀涡轮的上游)。因此，从高压管去往低压管的气体在进入减压站之前得到加热，从而使得存在于所述站的出口处的气体的温度高于水的凝固点。
为了优化在此描述的站并回收最大量的能量，所提供的是，在高压下的气体首先流进膨胀涡轮，并且随后，在这个涡轮的下游，移除膨胀气体的一部分以便传送至冷凝装置。因此所提供的是，由膨胀涡轮下游的支路管线对这些冷凝装置进行供应。
根据第一实施方案，所述站包括在冷凝装置、压缩装置与用于加热天然气的装置之间的闭合环路。这个闭合环路使得有可能组合用于使气体液化的制冷系统(压缩机和冷凝器)与热交换器，从而引起减小气体压力与产生液化气体之间的热集成。
根据第二实施方案，所述站包括在压缩装置、冷凝装置与至少一个中间热交换器之间的第一闭合环路，以及在至少一个中间热交换器与用于加热气体的装置之间的第二闭合环路，所述第二闭合环路可能使用与第一环路中使用的传热流体不同的传热流体。
通过这两个实施方案，在此提出的是，具有可被比作闭合环路(可能是双闭合环路)的中间系统的站，使得有可能冷却气体的一部分，直到气体液化为止。独立闭合环路系统的优点在于，其允许达到显著较低的温度，这是由于它与在减压站内实现的压力降低没有关系。由于这个系统，液化气体的组成几乎不根据进入的气体而变化，假定由在为此操作而安排的热交换器内部直接冷却而获得状态变化，而不是常规的闪蒸系统。
在压力减小和液化站的特定实施方案中，用于回收在减小气体压力期间产生的机械功的装置与用于将机械功转化为电能的装置相关联。在这个实施方案中，用于回收在减小气体压力期间产生的机械功的装置可机械性地连接至发电机，并且压缩装置有利地由电动机来驱动，所述电动机由所述发电机供应电能。
在压力减小和液化站的另一实施方案中，用于回收在减小气体压力期间产生的机械功的装置与压缩装置机械性地关联。可任选地提供辅助电动机，用于驱动压缩装置。
因此，在这种站内，具有用于使气体液化的制冷环路与预加热膨胀涡轮的入口的集成。
液化天然气可在根据本发明的站内由包含制冷系统的制冷单元产生，所述制冷系统可互换地使用氮和/或碳氢化合物的混合物。
根据本发明的站中所使用的制冷系统可例如包括铝PFHE类型的热交换器和/或冷凝器。
在特定实施方案中，制冷系统包括压缩机和/或径向流动膨胀器。
在另一实施方案中，根据本发明的站包括用于通过吸附和/或吸收来处理低压天然气的水和二氧化碳的装置，所述装置布置在用于冷凝气体的装置上游。
附图说明
根据以下参考随附概略图示进行的描述，本发明的细节和优点将变得更加显而易见，在所述图示中：
图1是示出根据本发明的站的极概略的概览，
图2是展示本发明的第一实施方案的更详细的概略视图，
图3是类似于图2视图的视图，其示出本发明的第二实施方案；
图4是关于本发明的第三实施方案的类似于图2和3视图的视图；以及
图5是关于本发明的第四实施方案的类似于图2至4视图的视图。
具体实施方式
图1概略性地表示气体管线2，气体管线2在高压下运送气体，例如主要由甲烷组成的天然气，所述高压例如为约60巴至100巴(一般来说，在本申请中，实例和数值是说明性的而非限制性的)。图1中称为PLD(压力降低(PressureLetDown)的英语缩写，或在法语中为"baissedepression"[loweringofpressure])的气体减压站使得有可能供应管4，管4用来在低压下给局部网络或类似物供应气体(天然气，以便再使用前述实例)，所述低压一般为约少许巴。
液化气产生单元6与减压站PLD相关联。供应给液化气产生单元6的气体从减压站PLD下游的气体管线2通过处理单元8，处理单元8在气体进入产生单元6之前对气体进行处理，以便去除气体中的杂质，所述杂质一般存在于“未处理(raw)”气体中。离开产生单元6后，获得液化天然气LNG，所述液化天然气例如存储在存储单元(未在图1中示出)中。
当气体在减压站PLD中膨胀时，气体放出机械功WM。在此提出的是，以某种形式(机械或电形式)回收这个功中的全部或部分，例如，以便对产生单元6进行供应，产生单元6需要能量来将气体从其气态状态转换至液体状态。由于回收的能量不足以产生液化气体，因此有可能给产生单元供应补充能源，例如图1中由“WE”概略性地表示的电能。最终，在产生单元6中，一般具有压缩机(未在图1中表示)或释放出热量的另一设备，所述热量在图1中仅由Q表示。以原始方式提出的是，回收这个量的热量Q以便加热进入减压站PLD的气体。实际上，在膨胀过程中，使得膨胀气冷却。气体面临降到水的凝固温度之下的风险，并因此导致冰的形成，冰的形成可导致对应管线的部分或完全阻塞。通过在膨胀之前加热气体，由此可能限制结冰以及阻塞的风险。
图2更详细地展示本发明的第一实施方案，所述第一实施方案实施图1的总体方案。
在图2中以及在以下的图中，再次使用图1的参考来指定相似元件。
因此再次在图2中找到气体管线2，气体管线2对减压站PLD进行供应以便在管4中在较低压力下提供气体。此外，产生单元6提供液化气体LNG。
在减压站PLD中，来自气体管线2的气体通过管G2和G3。在这些管中的每一个中由预加热设备10加热气体。离开这些预加热设备后，在管G6中收集管G4和G5，管G6对膨胀涡轮12进行供应。离开涡轮后，气体得以膨胀并且可直接通过管G7再归入管4。
产生单元6基本上包括冷凝器14。对产生单元6进行供应的气体是从管G7的支路G9供应，然后到达阀16，在阀16中实现附加的压力减小。气体通过管G10运送至处理单元8，处理单元8例如通过吸收或优选地通过吸附来对气体进行净化。净化气体通过G11运送至减温器18，然后通过G12引入冷凝器14中。离开冷凝器14后，获得液化气体，所述液化气体通过管L1到达控制阀20，然后通过L2以便到达用于液化天然气LNG的存储设备。
在此实现减压站PLD的膨胀涡轮12与产生单元6之间的互动。在图2的这个实施方案中，在站PLD中的膨胀期间回收的能量用于在产生单元6中产生电能，并且在产生单元6中产生的热量用于加热进入站PLD(即，在膨胀涡轮12上游)的气体。
在图2中首先应注意的是，涡轮12连接至发电机G。因此，在涡轮12处回收机械能以便转变为电能。电因此得以回收，然后对电动机M进行供应，电动机M驱动三个压缩机C1、C2和C3，压缩机C1、C2和C3各自形成压缩单元的一个阶段。以此方式，在减压站与产生单元之间产生电连接。
为了优化在涡轮12处回收的机械能的量，用来对低压管4进行供应的气体与用来对产生单元6进行供应的气体(即，将要液化的气体)都流进涡轮12中。
通过下文描述的闭合环路来实现热集成。为此描述，提出跟随在这个环路中移动的制冷流体。作为非限制性实例，所使用的流体可以是氮或者是碳氢化合物的混合物。
制冷流体通过管R1到达压缩机C1并通过管R2离开压缩机C1。然后，制冷流体到达第一预加热设备10以便加热来自气体管线2并且用来对减压站PLD的涡轮12进行供应的气体。然后将流体通过管R3引导至冷却器22以便在通过管R4传送至压缩单元之前实现对制冷流体的温度的控制。然后，流体由第二压缩机C2压缩，然后将流体通过R5引导至第二预加热设备10，之后通过R6运送至第二冷却器22并且通过R7到达压缩单元的第三压缩阶段。通过管R8连接至第三压缩机C3的第三冷却器22使得有可能控制离开压缩单元的流体的温度。
管R9将制冷流体带至逆流式热交换器24，然后通过R10将制冷流体引导至膨胀器26。膨胀器26机械性地连接至电动机M，并且连接至压缩单元。离开膨胀器26后，随后将流体(通过R11)引导至产生单元6的冷凝器14，在冷凝器14中，流体从想要液化的天然气部分吸收热量以便获得液化天然气(LNG)。离开冷凝器14后，将流体(通过R12)运送至减温器18，之后通过R13到达逆流式热交换器24，逆流式热交换器24连接在压缩单元的第一压缩机C1的下游。
如在此描述中表露的，制冷流体用来实现产生单元与减压站之间的热集成，其实现方式是：回收尤其在流体压缩期间释放的热量，以便使用所述热量来加热进入减压站PLD的天然气。
这里不对制冷环路的附属元件进行详细描述。因此存在例如储罐28，储罐28以常规方式用做制冷流体的膨胀容器。
图3示出实施方案变体，其再使用前述图的某些参考以便指定相似元件。与图2的实施方案相比，实现了另一种形式的热集成。建议具有加压水的闭合环路(或例如像热油的另一传热流体的闭合环路)，以便回收压缩热量并将压缩热量向膨胀涡轮的上游传递。空气冷却器例如可设置在这个线路上，以便将冷却能力调整至压缩环路所需。使用容积泵以便允许传热流体(加压水)循环，并且膨胀容器可以常规方式集成到这个环路中。
因此在图3中辨识出在压缩单元和其三个压缩机C1、C2和C3与具有冷凝器14的产生单元6之间的制冷环路。这个环路是简化的。所述环路连续通过压缩单元的三个阶段，并且在通过每个阶段之后通过预加热设备10。然后，制冷环路通过逆流式热交换器24，之后进入膨胀器26，然后进入冷凝器14，再次通过逆流式热交换器24并且回到第一压缩阶段和其压缩机C1。
与图2的第一实施方案的主要区别是，预加热设备10不将从压缩阶段抽取的热量直接传递至天然气，而是将热量传递至例如像加压水的另一传热流体。因此产生第二制冷环路，所述第二制冷环路平行地通过三个预加热设备10以便对预加热设备110进行供应，预加热设备110将来自压缩阶段的热量传递至进入站PLD的天然气。因此，这些预加热设备10形成中间热交换器。在预加热设备10与预加热设备110之间，注意到：容积泵142的存在，容积泵142使得有可能使传热流体在对应环路中循环；以及冷却器122的存在，冷却器122用于在这个环路中控制传热流体的温度。以对本领域技术人员来说常规的方式，将膨胀容器144有利地集成到这个制冷环路中。
就图4而言，其示出图2中示出的第一实施方案的简化版本。与此同时，如在本申请中的一般情形，再使用已经使用的参考来指定相似元件，以便简化阅读理解。
在这个简化实施方案中，注意到压缩单元仅具有单个阶段，所述单个阶段具有单个压缩机C。然后，在单个预加热设备10内加热天然气，这允许来自压缩机的热量与进入工作台PLD的在膨胀涡轮12上游的天然气直接交换。
在这个实施方案中，制冷环路将例如碳氢化合物的混合物和氮用作传热流体。传热流体是由压缩机C压缩，压缩机C是由电动机M(电连接至站PLD的涡轮12的发电机G)驱动的。然后，流体由于与涡轮12的入口处的预加热设备10中的天然气接触而得以冷却(应注意到，还可在这里提供如前述图中的预加热设备10与天然气之间的另一制冷环路)。
可将冷却器22或(空气冷却器)引入环路中以便将冷却能力调整至压缩环路所需。然后，将传热流体传送通过热交换器214，热交换器214的类型是例如PHFE(板翅式热交换器(PlateFinHeatExchanger)的英语缩写，或在法语中为“échangeurdechaleuràplaquesetailettes”[plateandfinheatexchanger])，其中传热流体在第一遍通过期间得以冷却和冷凝。然后，传热流体通过阀246而膨胀，其中传热流体通过焦耳-汤姆逊效应部分蒸发，再次造成其温度降低。传热流体再次通过(第二遍通过)热交换器214并蒸发，并且由于与将要液化的天然气接触并与将要冷凝的制冷混合物接触而得以加热。在这第二遍通过之后，离开热交换器214的传热流体(例如碳氢化合物的混合物和氮)回到压缩机C。
在图5的实施方案中，与前述图的实施方案相比，在减压站与产生单元之间实现机械集成(图5)而不是电集成(图2至4)。
实际上，虽然在图2的实施方案中，涡轮12驱动产生电的发电机G，所产生的电在电动机M中消耗掉，但是在图5中提出，将涡轮12与产生单元6的压缩单元的压缩机C1、C2和C3机械性地连接。
看上去似乎不必在这里描述减压站的不同元件，其类似于图2中表示的那些元件。同样地，再次存在相似的制冷环路，其用于产生液化气产生单元和这个产生单元与减压站的热集成。
在这个图5中还表示了电动机M，电动机M在这里用作附加能源(对应于图1中的WE)，以便通过在减压站的场地处输送的功率来调整液化气产生单元所必需的功率。
作为纯粹说明性实例，有可能在所述的各种实施方案中提供例如：通过液化气产生单元6的气体量(重量)是通过减压站PLD的气体量(重量)的约5%至20%，余下气体(80%至95%)对管4进行供应。
以上所述系统允许对液化天然气的产生进行完全控制。可控制此气体的组成。所述组成不取决于减压站内的压力差值。
此外，预加热进入减压站的气体使得有可能防止管线的结冰和阻塞问题。
能量回收发生在减压站处，并且更确切地说发生在减压站的膨胀涡轮处。通过使全部气流通过这个涡轮来优化这种回收，所述全部气流即是指，意图以气态形式膨胀的气体以及意图液化的气体。
本发明不限于以上作为非限制性实例所述的优选实施方案。本发明还涉及本领域技术人员能理解的在下文的权利要求书范围内的实施方案变体。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于减小气体压力(PLD)并且用于使气体液化(尤其是天然气)的站，所述站包括：
-膨胀涡轮(12)；
-用于回收在减小所述气体的压力期间产生的机械功(WM)的装置；
-制冷系统，其包括压缩装置(C1、C2、C3)；以及
-冷凝装置(14)，其用于使气体液化，
所述站的特征在于，其还包括：
-用于回收由所述制冷系统的所述压缩装置(C1、C2、C3；C)产生的热量(Q)的装置，所述装置与用于加热在所述膨胀涡轮(12)上游的气体的装置(10；40；110)相关联。
2.根据权利要求1所述的站，其特征在于，由所述膨胀涡轮(12)下游的支路管线(G9)对所述冷凝装置(14)进行供应。
3.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的站，其特征在于，所述站包括在所述冷凝装置(14)、所述压缩装置(C1、C2、C3；C)与用于加热所述气体的所述装置(10；40)之间的闭合环路。
4.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的站，其特征在于，所述站包括：在所述压缩装置(C1、C2、C3)、所述冷凝装置(14)与至少一个中间热交换器(10)之间的第一闭合环路；以及在至少一个中间热交换器(10)与用于加热所述气体的所述装置(110)之间的第二闭合环路，所述第二闭合环路可能使用与所述第一环路中使用的传热流体不同的传热流体。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的站，其特征在于，所述站包括用于将机械功转化(G)为电能的装置，所述装置与用于回收在减小所述气体的压力期间产生的机械功(WM)的所述装置相关联。
6.根据权利要求5所述的站，其特征在于，用于回收在减小所述气体的压力期间产生的机械功(WM)的所述装置机械性地连接至发电机(G)；并且在于，所述压缩装置(C1、C2、C3)是由电动机(M)驱动，所述电动机(M)是由所述发电机(G)供应电能。
7.根据权利要求1至4所述的站，其特征在于，用于回收在减小所述气体的压力期间产生的机械功(WM)的所述装置机械性地连接至所述压缩装置(C1、C2、C3；C)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的站，其特征在于，提供辅助电动机(M)，用于驱动所述压缩装置(C1、C2、C3)。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的站，其特征在于，所述制冷系统使用选自氮和/或碳氢化合物的混合物的制冷剂。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的站，其特征在于，所述制冷系统包括压缩机和/或径向流动膨胀器。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的站，其特征在于，所述站包括用于通过吸附和/或吸收来处理所述天然气的装置(8、36)，所述装置布置在用于冷凝所述气体的所述装置(14)的上游。
CN201480009656.8A 2013-02-20 2014-02-20 用于减小气体压力并且使气体液化的站 Pending CN105209841A (zh)

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