CN105178913A - Natural gas power generation electric heating wax removing and preventing device based on skin effect and application thereof - Google Patents
Natural gas power generation electric heating wax removing and preventing device based on skin effect and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105178913A CN105178913A CN201510475412.5A CN201510475412A CN105178913A CN 105178913 A CN105178913 A CN 105178913A CN 201510475412 A CN201510475412 A CN 201510475412A CN 105178913 A CN105178913 A CN 105178913A
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 202
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000191291 Abies alba Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004018 waxing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 90
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000147058 Derris elliptica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/04—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using electrical heaters
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/003—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings with electrically conducting or insulating means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
- E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0085—Adaptations of electric power generating means for use in boreholes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Cable Installation (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
一种基于集肤效应的天然气发电电加热清蜡防蜡装置及其应用，该装置包括天然气收集部、天然气发电部和由天然气发电部供电的电加热清蜡防蜡装置；所述天然气收集部用于收集和分离井筒内排出的天然气；所述天然气发电部利用天然气进行发电。本发明钢铠电缆的电加热所需电源来自于天然气发电部，该天然气发电部所需气源可直接从油井中的采出的伴生气获得，既可以利用伴生气，又避免了电加热法清蜡防蜡技术对电网的依赖。
A natural gas power generation electric heating wax removal and wax removal device based on skin effect and its application, the device includes a natural gas collection part, a natural gas power generation part and an electric heating wax removal and wax removal device powered by the natural gas power generation part; the natural gas collection part It is used to collect and separate the natural gas discharged from the wellbore; the natural gas power generation unit utilizes natural gas to generate electricity. The power required for the electric heating of the steel armored cable in the present invention comes from the natural gas power generation unit, and the gas source required by the natural gas power generation unit can be obtained directly from the associated gas produced in the oil well, which can not only use the associated gas, but also avoid the electric heating method Wax removal and anti-wax technology is dependent on the power grid.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种基于集肤效应的天然气发电电加热清蜡防蜡装置及其应用，属于油气田开发设备的技术领域。The invention relates to a natural gas power generation electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device based on the skin effect and an application thereof, belonging to the technical field of oil and gas field development equipment.
背景技术Background technique
在采油过程中，由于地层温度、压力的降低以及原油中轻烃的逸出，原油中的蜡会以晶体的形式析出并吸附在油管壁上。井筒中的石蜡沉积会造成油井油流通道变窄，阻碍原油流动，严重时甚至会造成油井蜡卡，影响原油的采出速度，甚至导致油井停产。为了消除油井结蜡的影响，需要定期关井清除油井管壁上沉积的蜡，影响油井正常生产，同时增加了原油的开采成本。During the oil production process, due to the reduction of formation temperature and pressure and the release of light hydrocarbons in the crude oil, the wax in the crude oil will be precipitated in the form of crystals and adsorbed on the tubing wall. The paraffin deposition in the wellbore will narrow the oil flow channel of the oil well and hinder the flow of crude oil. In severe cases, it may even cause wax stuck in the oil well, affecting the recovery rate of crude oil, and even causing the oil well to stop production. In order to eliminate the impact of oil well wax deposition, it is necessary to regularly shut down the well to remove the wax deposited on the oil well pipe wall, which will affect the normal production of the oil well and increase the cost of crude oil extraction.
目前，油井清防蜡工艺种类繁多，如机械法、热力法、化学法或微生物法等，其中，热力清蜡工艺由于操作简单、见效快速而广泛应用于各油田的井筒清防蜡工作中。常见的热力清蜡工艺包括向井筒中注入热流体的热洗法清蜡、基于集肤效应的电加热法清防蜡等。电加热法通常采用抽油杆、油管等作为电路中的发热元件，依靠集肤效应原理，在生产过程中持续的对油管内的原油进行加热，不需要关井停产即可进行清防蜡，且效果良好。电加热法通常采用地面电网供电，其主要问题是耗电量大，会显著增加电网负荷。对于井口附近没有电源的气举井、自喷井，以及电网负荷有限的油井，这种方法的应用会受到限制。同时，对于常规抽油杆或空心抽油杆加热，由于接箍的存在，下入过程中不能实现连续下入，增加了安装过程中的作业风险。At present, there are various wax removal and prevention technologies for oil wells, such as mechanical method, thermal method, chemical method or microbial method, etc. Among them, thermal wax removal technology is widely used in wellbore wax removal work in various oil fields because of its simple operation and quick effect. Common thermal wax removal processes include thermal wax removal by injecting thermal fluid into the wellbore, electric heating wax removal based on skin effect, etc. The electric heating method usually uses sucker rods, oil pipes, etc. as heating elements in the circuit, relying on the principle of skin effect, continuously heats the crude oil in the oil pipes during the production process, and can remove wax without shutting down the well. And it works well. The electric heating method is usually powered by the ground power grid. The main problem is that it consumes a lot of power, which will significantly increase the load on the power grid. For gas-lift wells without power near the wellhead, flowing wells, and oil wells with limited grid load, this method will have limited application. At the same time, for the heating of conventional sucker rods or hollow sucker rods, due to the existence of couplings, continuous running cannot be realized during the running process, which increases the operational risk during the installation process.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种基于集肤效应的天然气发电电加热清蜡防蜡装置。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a natural gas power generation electric heating wax removal and wax prevention device based on the skin effect.
本发明还提供一种基于集肤效应的天然气发电电加热清蜡防蜡装置的工作方法。The invention also provides a working method of a natural gas power generation electric heating wax removal and wax prevention device based on the skin effect.
本发明采用油井伴生天然气发电提供电源，通过工频电热控制柜调节电流频率并控制加热功率，采用连续钢铠电缆加热，电缆芯线与钢铠形成回路，通以交流电，利用集肤效应在钢铠外壁上产生热能，清除或防止原油在油管中结蜡。该方法投资少，安装速度快，可实现钢铠电缆的连续下入以及采油过程中的电加热清蜡和防蜡，保证了油井的正常生产和安装作业过程中的安全性。The invention adopts oil well associated natural gas power generation to provide power, adjusts the current frequency and controls the heating power through the power frequency electric heating control cabinet, adopts continuous steel armored cable heating, the cable core wire and the steel armor form a loop, and the alternating current is passed through, and the skin effect is used in the steel Heat energy is generated on the outer wall of the armor to remove or prevent the wax deposition of crude oil in the oil pipe. The method has low investment and fast installation speed, and can realize continuous running of steel-armored cables and electric heating wax removal and wax prevention during oil production, ensuring the normal production of oil wells and safety during installation operations.
术语解释：Explanation of terms:
集肤效应伴热的热量产生原理：由于绝缘导线和铁磁性碳钢“热管”中的往返电流产生交互感应作用，导致“热管”中的返回电流聚集在其内壁表面，并产生热量的一种物理现象。也就是将电流的集肤现象集中在“热管”的内壁流动，使热管产生热量，而热管的外壁表面没有可测的电流。The heat generation principle of skin effect heat tracing: due to the interactive induction of the round-trip current in the insulated wire and the ferromagnetic carbon steel "heat pipe", the return current in the "heat pipe" gathers on the inner wall surface and generates heat. physical phenomenon. That is, the skin phenomenon of current is concentrated on the inner wall of the "heat pipe" to flow, so that the heat pipe generates heat, and there is no measurable current on the outer wall surface of the heat pipe.
集肤效应伴热的热量产生来源于三部分：The heat generation of skin effect heating comes from three parts:
1.电流在铁磁性碳钢“热管”内壁返回过程中，由“热管”阻抗产生的热量；1. The heat generated by the impedance of the "heat pipe" during the return process of the current on the inner wall of the ferromagnetic carbon steel "heat pipe";
2.由于绝缘导线与“热管”之间产生的交互磁场而导致磁滞现象和涡电流而产生的热量；2. The heat generated by hysteresis and eddy current due to the alternating magnetic field generated between the insulated wire and the "heat pipe";
3.由于绝缘导线I2R的阻抗而产生的热量。3. Heat generated due to the resistance of the insulated wire I 2 R.
本发明的技术方案如下：Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种基于集肤效应的天然气发电电加热清蜡防蜡装置，其特征在于，该装置包括天然气收集部、天然气发电部和由天然气发电部供电的电加热清蜡防蜡装置；A natural gas power generation electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device based on skin effect, characterized in that the device includes a natural gas collection part, a natural gas power generation part and an electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device powered by the natural gas power generation part;
所述天然气收集部用于收集和分离井筒内排出的天然气；The natural gas collection part is used to collect and separate the natural gas discharged from the wellbore;
所述天然气发电部利用天然气进行发电。The natural gas power generation unit utilizes natural gas to generate electricity.
根据本发明优选的，所述的天然气收集部包括与井筒依次相连通的油气计量站、联合处理站和天然气净化站。Preferably, according to the present invention, the natural gas collection unit includes an oil and gas metering station, a joint processing station and a natural gas purification station that are sequentially connected to the wellbore.
根据本发明优选的，与所述联合处理站相连设置有储油罐。Preferably according to the present invention, an oil storage tank is connected to the joint processing station.
根据本发明优选的，与所述天然气净化站相连设置有储气罐。Preferably according to the present invention, a gas storage tank is connected to the natural gas purification station.
根据本发明优选的，天然气发电部包括相连的天然气发电机组和工频电热控制柜；所述工频电热控制柜用于控制电加热清蜡防蜡装置。Preferably, according to the present invention, the natural gas power generation unit includes a connected natural gas generator set and a power frequency electric heating control cabinet; the power frequency electric heating control cabinet is used to control the electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device.
根据本发明优选的，电加热清蜡防蜡装置包括通过采油树密封延伸至井筒内的钢铠电缆，所述钢铠电缆与所述工频电热控制柜相连。Preferably, according to the present invention, the electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device includes a steel-armored cable extending into the wellbore through the seal of the Christmas tree, and the steel-armored cable is connected with the power frequency electric heating control cabinet.
根据本发明优选的，所述钢铠电缆包括由外而内依次设置的钢铠护套、绝缘材料层、聚四氟乙烯层和电缆芯线。此处设计的优点在于，本发明引用聚四氟乙烯层的作用是用于给电缆芯线密封和耐温，密封是用于防止外界流体与电缆芯线接触引发短路，耐温是提高电缆芯线的耐温程度。Preferably, according to the present invention, the steel armored cable includes a steel armor sheath, an insulating material layer, a polytetrafluoroethylene layer and a cable core wire arranged sequentially from outside to inside. The advantage of the design here is that the function of the polytetrafluoroethylene layer cited in the present invention is to seal and resist the temperature of the cable core wire. The seal is used to prevent the external fluid from contacting the cable core wire to cause a short circuit. The temperature resistance of the line.
根据本发明优选的，所述钢铠护套为连续无缝钢管。此处设计的优点在于，当所述钢铠电缆被变频供电时，利用集肤效应在所述钢铠护套的外壁上产生热能，同时保证电缆密封和拉伸强度。Preferably according to the present invention, the steel armor sheath is a continuous seamless steel pipe. The advantage of the design here is that when the steel armored cable is powered by frequency conversion, the skin effect is used to generate heat energy on the outer wall of the steel armored sheath, while ensuring the sealing and tensile strength of the cable.
根据本发明优选的，所述电加热清蜡防蜡装置还包括在所述采油树顶部设置的井口高压密封系统；所述井口高压密封系统包括所述钢铠电缆依次穿过的压帽、密封盘根、弹簧、闸板和电缆夹持夹板。此处设计的优点在于，本发明根据钢铠电缆的结构和原理，采用压帽、密封盘根、弹簧、闸板和电缆夹持夹板构成高压密封系统，与所述钢铠电缆组合应用时，可实现钢铠电缆意外落井和带压起出钢铠电缆作业时的井口密封：其中钢铠电缆与压帽、密封盘根、弹簧和闸板组成了井口高压密封，实现在钢铠电缆起下过程以及加热过程中高压密封作用；所述电缆夹持夹板用于控制钢铠电缆在井筒中的位置。当钢铠电缆下入井筒时，所述弹簧将闸板打开；当钢铠电缆起出时，所述弹簧复位使闸板关闭，防止油气液沿井口喷出。Preferably according to the present invention, the electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device further includes a wellhead high-pressure sealing system arranged on the top of the oil tree; the wellhead high-pressure sealing system includes a pressure cap, a sealing Packing, springs, gates and cable holding cleats. The advantage of the design here is that, according to the structure and principle of the steel armored cable, the present invention uses a pressure cap, a sealing packing, a spring, a gate and a cable clamping splint to form a high-pressure sealing system, and when combined with the steel armored cable, It can realize the wellhead sealing when the steel armored cable accidentally falls into the well and the steel armored cable is pulled out under pressure: the steel armored cable, the pressure cap, the sealing packing, the spring and the gate form the wellhead high pressure seal, and the steel armored cable is lifted and lowered. During the process and the heating process, the high-pressure sealing function; the cable clamping splint is used to control the position of the steel armored cable in the shaft. When the armored cable is lowered into the wellbore, the spring will open the gate; when the steel armored cable is pulled out, the spring returns to close the gate to prevent oil, gas and liquid from spraying out along the wellhead.
根据本发明优选的，在所述压帽的上部还设置有悬接器。Preferably according to the present invention, a hanger is further provided on the upper part of the pressing cap.
根据本发明优选的，所述电加热清蜡防蜡装置还包括在所述钢铠电缆伸入井下的尾端上设置有集中加热器，所述集中加热器包括与所述钢铠电缆相连的电阻丝，在所述电阻丝外部设置有绝缘导热层。Preferably according to the present invention, the electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device also includes a concentrated heater on the tail end of the steel armored cable extending into the downhole, and the concentrated heater includes a heater connected to the steel armored cable The resistance wire is provided with an insulating and heat-conducting layer outside the resistance wire.
根据本发明优选的，所述钢铠电缆通过双卡套式接头分别与电阻丝和绝缘导热层相连。Preferably, according to the present invention, the steel-armored cable is respectively connected to the resistance wire and the insulating and heat-conducting layer through double ferrule joints.
根据本发明优选的，所述绝缘导热层为导热硅胶层。此处设计的优点在于，为了适应井下的复杂井身结构，本发明将导热硅胶层于钢铠电缆和电阻丝相结合，实现电缆在地层能够按需弯曲。Preferably according to the present invention, the insulating and heat-conducting layer is a heat-conducting silica gel layer. The advantage of the design here is that, in order to adapt to the complex well structure downhole, the present invention combines the heat-conducting silica gel layer with the steel armored cable and the resistance wire, so that the cable can be bent as required in the formation.
根据本发明优选的，所述天然气发电部包括相连的天然气发电机组和多组工频电热控制柜；所述多组工频电热控制柜用于分别对应控制在多个井筒安装的电加热清蜡防蜡装置。此处设计的优点在于，本发明能够实现将天然气发电机组输出的电能依据不同油井结蜡情况分别调节工频电热控制柜的工频参数，进而实现一个天然气发电机组同时为多个井筒进行互不干扰式清防蜡作业。Preferably, according to the present invention, the natural gas power generation unit includes connected natural gas generator sets and multiple sets of power frequency electric heating control cabinets; the multiple sets of power frequency electric heating control cabinets are used to control the electric heating wax removal installed in multiple wellbores respectively. Anti-wax device. The advantage of the design here is that the present invention can adjust the power frequency parameters of the power frequency electric heating control cabinet respectively according to the waxing conditions of different oil wells from the electric energy output by the natural gas generator set, and then realize that a natural gas generator set can simultaneously perform mutual independent operation for multiple wellbores. Disruptive wax removal and anti-wax operation.
一种基于集肤效应的天然气发电电加热清蜡防蜡装置的工作方法，包括步骤如下：A working method of a natural gas power generation electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device based on the skin effect, comprising the following steps:
1)所述天然气收集部收集、分离出井筒中的天然气，并传输天然气至天然气发电部发电；1) The natural gas collection unit collects and separates the natural gas in the wellbore, and transmits the natural gas to the natural gas power generation unit for power generation;
2)所述天然气发电部对所述电加热清蜡防蜡装置进行变频供电：2) The natural gas power generation unit performs frequency conversion power supply to the electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device:
所述工频电热控制柜输出的变频电源，其火线与所述钢铠电缆的电缆芯线相连；The live wire of the variable frequency power supply output by the power frequency electric heating control cabinet is connected to the cable core wire of the steel armored cable;
其零线与所述钢铠电缆的钢铠护套相连；Its zero line is connected with the steel armor sheath of the steel armor cable;
使所述电缆芯线与钢铠护套形成回路，利用集肤效应在钢铠护套的外壁上产生热能，清除或防止原油在井筒中结蜡。The cable core wire and the steel armor sheath form a loop, and the skin effect is used to generate heat energy on the outer wall of the steel armor sheath, so as to remove or prevent wax deposition of crude oil in the wellbore.
根据本发明优选的，所述电加热清蜡防蜡装置的工作方法，还包括对钢铠电缆下入井筒和钢铠电缆起出井筒步骤：Preferably according to the present invention, the working method of the electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device also includes the steps of running the steel armored cable into the shaft and lifting the steel armored cable out of the shaft:
3)当钢铠电缆下入井筒时，所述弹簧将闸板打开，钢铠电缆进入所述井筒，钢铠电缆与压帽、密封盘根、弹簧和闸板组成了井口高压密封，实现在钢铠电缆下入过程以及加热过程中高压密封作用；3) When the steel armored cable is lowered into the wellbore, the spring opens the gate, and the steel armored cable enters the wellbore. The steel armored cable, the pressure cap, the sealing packing, the spring and the gate form a wellhead high-pressure seal, realizing The high-pressure sealing function of the steel armored cable during the running process and the heating process;
4)当钢铠电缆起出井筒时，所述弹簧复位使闸板关闭，防止油气液沿井口喷出。4) When the armored cable is lifted out of the wellbore, the spring resets to close the ram to prevent oil, gas and liquid from spraying out along the wellhead.
根据本发明优选的，所述电加热清蜡防蜡装置的工作方法，还包括钢铠电缆意外落井筒时的步骤：Preferably, according to the present invention, the working method of the electric heating wax removal and wax prevention device also includes the steps when the armored cable accidentally falls into the shaft:
5)当所述钢铠电缆意外落井时，所述弹簧复位使闸板关闭，防止油气液沿井口喷出。5) When the steel-armored cable accidentally falls into the well, the spring resets to close the ram to prevent oil, gas and liquid from spraying out along the wellhead.
本发明的优势在于：The advantages of the present invention are:
(1)本发明钢铠电缆的电加热所需电源来自于天然气发电部，该天然气发电部所需气源可直接从油井中的采出的伴生气获得，既可以利用伴生气，又避免了电加热法清蜡防蜡技术对电网的依赖。(1) The power required for the electric heating of the steel armored cable of the present invention comes from the natural gas power generation unit, and the gas source required by the natural gas power generation unit can be directly obtained from the associated gas produced in the oil well, which can utilize the associated gas and avoid Electric heating wax removal and anti-wax technology is dependent on the power grid.
(2)本发明利用钢铠电缆对井筒内的蜡质堆积物进行融化，利用电缆芯线与钢铠形成回路，基于集肤效应在钢铠电缆外壁上产生热能，可实现钢铠电缆的连续下入以及采油过程中的电加热清蜡和防蜡，保证了油井的正常生产和安装作业过程中的安全性。(2) The present invention utilizes steel-armored cables to melt the waxy deposits in the shaft, uses the cable core wire and steel armor to form a loop, and generates heat energy on the outer wall of the steel-armored cable based on the skin effect, which can realize the continuous operation of the steel-armored cable. The electric heating wax removal and wax prevention during running and oil production ensures the safety of normal production and installation operations of oil wells.
(3)本发明配备了井口高压密封系统，与所述钢铠电缆配合，解决了钢铠电缆的动密封与井内的高压喷涌问题。(3) The present invention is equipped with a wellhead high-pressure sealing system, which cooperates with the steel armored cable to solve the problems of dynamic sealing of the steel armored cable and high-pressure gushing in the well.
(4)本发明采用弹簧密封式开关，加载下入电缆时压缩弹簧将密封闸板打开；电缆起出时弹簧复位使闸板关闭，防止油气液喷出；实现电缆意外落井和带压起出电缆作业时的井口密封。(4) The present invention adopts a spring-sealed switch. When the cable is loaded and lowered, the compressed spring will open the sealing gate; when the cable is pulled out, the spring will return to close the gate to prevent oil, gas and liquid from spraying out; to realize the accidental falling of the cable and the lifting out with pressure Wellhead sealing for wireline operations.
(5)本发明能够实现将天然气发电机组输出的电能依据不同油井结蜡情况分别调节工频电热控制柜的工频参数，进而实现一个天然气发电机组同时为多个井筒进行互不干扰式清防蜡作业。(5) The present invention can adjust the power frequency parameters of the power frequency electric heating control cabinet according to the waxing conditions of different oil wells by the electric energy output by the natural gas generator set, and then realize the non-interference cleaning and prevention for multiple wellbores at the same time by one natural gas generator set Wax job.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述基于集肤效应的天然气发电电加热清防蜡装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of the natural gas power generation electric heating wax removal and prevention device based on skin effect according to the present invention;
图2为本发明中所述钢铠电缆的剖视示意图；Fig. 2 is the schematic sectional view of steel armored cable described in the present invention;
图3为本发明中所述集中加热器的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the structural representation of central heater described in the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例十的所述基于集肤效应的天然气发电电加热清防蜡装置的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the skin effect-based natural gas power generation electric heating wax removal and prevention device according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention;
在图1-4中，1—输电线路；2—悬接器；3—压帽；4—密封盘根；5—弹簧；6—闸板；7—电缆夹持夹板；8—法兰；9—采油树；10—固井水泥壁；11—套管；12—井筒；13—钢铠电缆；14—油气混输管线；15—油气计量站；16—油气混输管线；17—联合处理站；18—输油管线；19—储油罐；20—天然气输送管线；21—天然气净化站；22—天然气输送管线；23—储气罐；24—天然气输送管线；25—天然气发电机组；26—输电线路；27—工频电热控制柜；28—钢铠护套；29—绝缘材料层；30—聚四氟乙烯层；31—电缆芯线；32—集中加热器；33—双卡套式接头；34—绝缘导热层；35—电阻丝。In Figure 1-4, 1—transmission line; 2—suspension connector; 3—pressure cap; 4—sealing packing; 5—spring; 6—gate; 7—cable clamping splint; 8—flange; 9—Christmas tree; 10—cement wall; 11—casing; 12—wellbore; 13—steel armored cable; 14—oil and gas mixed pipeline; 15—oil and gas metering station; 16—oil and gas mixed pipeline; 17—joint Processing station; 18—oil pipeline; 19—oil storage tank; 20—natural gas transmission pipeline; 21—natural gas purification station; 22—natural gas transmission pipeline; 23—gas storage tank; 24—natural gas transmission pipeline; 25—natural gas generator set; 26—power transmission line; 27—power frequency electric heating control cabinet; 28—steel armor sheath; 29—insulating material layer; 30—polytetrafluoroethylene layer; 31—cable core wire; 32—centralized heater; 33—double card Sleeve joint; 34—insulation and heat conduction layer; 35—resistance wire.
在图4中，27-1—第一工频电热控制柜；27-2—第二工频电热控制柜；27-3—第三工频电热控制柜；27-4—第四工频电热控制柜；In Figure 4, 27-1—the first power frequency electric heating control cabinet; 27-2—the second power frequency electric heating control cabinet; 27-3—the third power frequency electric heating control cabinet; 27-4—the fourth power frequency electric heating control cabinet Control cabinet;
9—1—第一采油树；9—2—第二采油树；9—3—第三采油树；9—4—第四采油树。9-1—first christmas tree; 9-2—second christmas tree; 9-3—third christmas tree; 9—4—fourth christmas tree.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合说明书和附图对本发明做详细的说明，但不限于此。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the specification and drawings, but is not limited thereto.
实施例一、Embodiment one,
一种基于集肤效应的天然气发电电加热清蜡防蜡装置，包括天然气收集部、天然气发电部和由天然气发电部供电的电加热清蜡防蜡装置；A natural gas power generation electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device based on the skin effect, including a natural gas collection part, a natural gas power generation part and an electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device powered by the natural gas power generation part;
所述天然气收集部用于收集和分离井筒12内排出的天然气；The natural gas collection part is used to collect and separate the natural gas discharged from the wellbore 12;
所述天然气发电部利用天然气进行发电。The natural gas power generation unit utilizes natural gas to generate electricity.
所述的天然气收集部包括与井筒12依次相连通的油气计量站15、联合处理站17和天然气净化站21。The natural gas collection unit includes an oil and gas metering station 15 , a joint processing station 17 and a natural gas purification station 21 which are connected to the wellbore 12 in sequence.
天然气发电部包括相连的天然气发电机组25和工频电热控制柜27；所述工频电热控制柜27用于控制电加热清蜡防蜡装置。The natural gas power generation unit includes a connected natural gas generator set 25 and a power frequency electric heating control cabinet 27; the power frequency electric heating control cabinet 27 is used to control the electric heating wax removal and wax prevention device.
电加热清蜡防蜡装置包括通过采油树9密封延伸至井筒12内的钢铠电缆13，所述钢铠电缆13与所述工频电热控制柜27相连。The electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device includes a steel armored cable 13 sealed and extended into the wellbore 12 through the Christmas tree 9 , and the steel armored cable 13 is connected with the power frequency electric heating control cabinet 27 .
实施例二、Embodiment two,
如实施例一所述的一种基于集肤效应的天然气发电电加热清蜡防蜡装置，其区别在于，所述钢铠电缆13包括由外而内依次设置的钢铠护套28、绝缘材料层29、聚四氟乙烯层30和电缆芯线31。As described in Embodiment 1, a natural gas power generation electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device based on the skin effect, the difference is that the steel armored cable 13 includes a steel armor sheath 28 and an insulating material arranged in sequence from outside to inside layer 29, polytetrafluoroethylene layer 30 and cable core wire 31.
所述钢铠护套28为连续无缝钢管。The steel armor sheath 28 is a continuous seamless steel pipe.
实施例三、Embodiment three,
如实施例二所述的一种基于集肤效应的天然气发电电加热清蜡防蜡装置，其区别在于，所述电加热清蜡防蜡装置还包括在所述采油树9顶部设置的井口高压密封系统；所述井口高压密封系统包括所述钢铠电缆13依次穿过的压帽3、密封盘根4、弹簧5、闸板6和电缆夹持夹板7。As described in Embodiment 2, a natural gas power generation electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device based on the skin effect, the difference is that the electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device also includes a wellhead high pressure set on the top of the Christmas tree 9 Sealing system: the wellhead high-pressure sealing system includes a pressure cap 3 through which the armored cable 13 passes, a sealing packing 4, a spring 5, a gate 6 and a cable clamping splint 7.
在所述压帽3的上部还设置有悬接器2。A hanger 2 is also arranged on the upper part of the pressing cap 3 .
实施例四、Embodiment four,
如实施例一、二、三所述基于集肤效应的天然气发电电加热清蜡防蜡装置的工作方法，包括步骤如下：As described in Embodiments 1, 2, and 3, the working method of the natural gas power generation electric heating wax removal and wax prevention device based on the skin effect includes the following steps:
1)所述天然气收集部收集、分离出井筒中的天然气，并传输天然气至天然气发电部发电；1) The natural gas collection unit collects and separates the natural gas in the wellbore, and transmits the natural gas to the natural gas power generation unit for power generation;
2)所述天然气发电部对所述电加热清蜡防蜡装置进行变频供电：2) The natural gas power generation unit performs frequency conversion power supply to the electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device:
所述工频电热控制柜27输出的变频电源，其火线与所述钢铠电缆13的电缆芯线31相连；The variable frequency power supply output by the power frequency electric heating control cabinet 27, its fire wire is connected with the cable core wire 31 of the steel armored cable 13;
其零线与所述钢铠电缆13的钢铠护套28相连；Its neutral line is connected with the steel armor sheath 28 of the steel armor cable 13;
使所述电缆芯线31与钢铠护套28形成回路，利用集肤效应在钢铠护套28的外壁上产生热能，清除或防止原油在井筒12中结蜡。The cable core wire 31 and the steel armor sheath 28 form a loop, and the skin effect is used to generate heat energy on the outer wall of the steel armor sheath 28 to remove or prevent the crude oil from waxing in the wellbore 12 .
实施例五、Embodiment five,
如实施例三所述基于集肤效应的天然气发电电加热清蜡防蜡装置的工作方法，与实施例四的区别在于，所述工作方法还包括对钢铠电缆下入井筒和钢铠电缆起出井筒步骤：As described in Embodiment 3, the working method of the natural gas power generation and electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device based on the skin effect is different from Embodiment 4 in that the working method also includes running the steel armored cable into the shaft and the steel armored cable. Out of the wellbore steps:
3)当钢铠电缆13下入井筒12时，所述弹簧5将闸板6打开，钢铠电缆13进入所述井筒12，钢铠电缆13与压帽3、密封盘根4、弹簧5和闸板6组成了井口高压密封，实现在钢铠电缆13下入过程以及加热过程中高压密封作用；3) When the steel armored cable 13 is lowered into the shaft 12, the spring 5 opens the shutter 6, and the steel armored cable 13 enters the shaft 12, and the steel armored cable 13 and the pressure cap 3, the sealing packing 4, the spring 5 and the Ram 6 forms the wellhead high-pressure seal, which realizes the high-pressure seal function during the running process of the steel armored cable 13 and the heating process;
4)当钢铠电缆13起出井筒12时，所述弹簧5复位使闸板6关闭，防止油气液沿井口喷出。4) When the armored cable 13 is lifted out of the wellbore 12, the spring 5 resets to close the shutter 6, preventing oil, gas and liquid from spraying out along the wellhead.
实施例六、Embodiment six,
如实施例三所述基于集肤效应的天然气发电电加热清蜡防蜡装置的工作方法，与实施例四的区别在于，所述工作方法还包括钢铠电缆意外落井筒时的步骤：As described in Embodiment 3, the working method of the natural gas power generation and electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device based on the skin effect is different from Embodiment 4 in that the working method also includes the steps when the steel armored cable accidentally falls into the shaft:
5)当所述钢铠电缆13意外落井时，所述弹簧5复位使闸板6关闭，防止油气液沿井口喷出。5) When the steel-armored cable 13 accidentally falls into the well, the spring 5 resets to close the shutter 6, preventing oil, gas and liquid from spraying out along the wellhead.
实施例七、Embodiment seven,
如实施例一所述的一种基于集肤效应的天然气发电电加热清蜡防蜡装置，其区别在于，与所述联合处理站17相连设置有储油罐19；与所述天然气净化站21相连设置有储气罐23。As described in Embodiment 1, a natural gas power generation electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device based on the skin effect is different in that an oil storage tank 19 is connected to the joint processing station 17; it is connected to the natural gas purification station 21 An air storage tank 23 is connected to each other.
实施例八、Embodiment eight,
当油井井筒12内结蜡严重，仅靠钢铠电缆13加热无法完全清蜡时，本实施例提供一种基于集肤效应的天然气发电电加热清蜡防蜡装置，其与实施例一、二、三的区别在于：When the wax deposition in the wellbore 12 of the oil well is serious, and the wax cannot be completely removed only by the heating of the steel armored cable 13, this embodiment provides a natural gas power generation electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device based on the skin effect, which is the same as the first and second embodiments , The difference between the three is:
所述电加热清蜡防蜡装置还包括在所述钢铠电缆13伸入井下的尾端上设置有集中加热器32，所述集中加热器32包括与所述钢铠电缆13相连的电阻丝35，在所述电阻丝35外部设置有绝缘导热层34。所述绝缘导热层34为导热硅胶层。The electric heating wax removal and wax prevention device also includes a concentrated heater 32 arranged on the tail end of the steel armored cable 13 extending into the downhole, and the concentrated heater 32 includes a resistance wire connected to the steel armored cable 13 35 , an insulating and heat-conducting layer 34 is provided outside the resistance wire 35 . The insulating and heat-conducting layer 34 is a heat-conducting silica gel layer.
利用集中加热器32中的电阻丝35及绝缘导热层34对结蜡严重位置进行集中加热，实现蜡堵位置的融蜡。Utilize the resistance wire 35 and the insulating and heat-conducting layer 34 in the centralized heater 32 to centrally heat the severe wax deposition to realize wax melting at the wax plugged position.
实施例九、Embodiment nine,
如实施例八所述的一种基于集肤效应的天然气发电电加热清蜡防蜡装置，其区别在于，所述钢铠电缆13通过双卡套式接头33分别与电阻丝35和绝缘导热层34相连。As described in Embodiment 8, a natural gas power generation electric heating wax removal and anti-wax device based on the skin effect, the difference is that the steel armored cable 13 is respectively connected to the resistance wire 35 and the insulating and heat-conducting layer through a double ferrule joint 33 34 connected.
实施例十、Embodiment ten,
如附图4所示。As shown in Figure 4.
对于比较集中的多个结蜡油井井筒，需要对多个油井同时或轮替进行清蜡作业，可以根据油井的数量确定天然气发电机组25的发电容量。For a plurality of concentrated wax-deposited oil well shafts, it is necessary to perform wax removal operations on multiple oil wells simultaneously or alternately, and the power generation capacity of the natural gas generator set 25 can be determined according to the number of oil wells.
所述天然气发电部包括相连的天然气发电机组25和四组工频电热控制柜：第一工频电热控制柜27-1、第二工频电热控制柜27-2、第三工频电热控制柜27-3、第四工频电热控制柜27-4；所述四组工频电热控制柜用于分别对应控制在四个井筒安装的电加热清蜡防蜡装置。The natural gas power generation unit includes a connected natural gas generator set 25 and four groups of power frequency electric heating control cabinets: the first power frequency electric heating control cabinet 27-1, the second power frequency electric heating control cabinet 27-2, and the third power frequency electric heating control cabinet 27-3. The fourth power frequency electric heating control cabinet 27-4; the four sets of power frequency electric heating control cabinets are used to respectively control the electric heating wax removal and anti-wax devices installed in the four shafts.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510475412.5A CN105178913A (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2015-08-05 | Natural gas power generation electric heating wax removing and preventing device based on skin effect and application thereof |
| PCT/CN2015/086777 WO2017020336A1 (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2015-08-12 | Electric-heating wax removal and prevention device with natural gas power generation based on skin effect and application thereof |
| US15/110,209 US20170234111A1 (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2015-08-15 | Device for Removing and Preventing Paraffin by Using Electric Heating Generated from Skin Effect-based Natural Gas Electricity and Application thereof |
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| CN201510475412.5A CN105178913A (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2015-08-05 | Natural gas power generation electric heating wax removing and preventing device based on skin effect and application thereof |
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| CN105178913A true CN105178913A (en) | 2015-12-23 |
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| CN201510475412.5A Pending CN105178913A (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2015-08-05 | Natural gas power generation electric heating wax removing and preventing device based on skin effect and application thereof |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20170234111A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN105178913A (en) |
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| CN110700793A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2020-01-17 | 久盛电气股份有限公司 | Electric heating wax-melting prevention system for high-wax-content oil well and gas well and control method |
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| CN114482954A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-13 | 石家庄之迪石油工程技术有限责任公司 | Novel process for improving yield by using oil well associated gas |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20170234111A1 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
| WO2017020336A1 (en) | 2017-02-09 |
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Effective date of registration: 20160125 Address after: 266580 Qingdao economic and Technological Development Zone, Changjiang Road, No. 66, Shandong Applicant after: China Petroleum University (East China) Address before: 266580 Qingdao economic and Technological Development Zone, Changjiang Road, No. 66, Shandong Applicant before: Li Binfei Applicant before: Zhang Xinjun |
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