CN102996097A - Three-phase continuous pitshaft heat tracing device for electric pump well - Google Patents
Three-phase continuous pitshaft heat tracing device for electric pump well Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 241000191291 Abies alba Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种电泵井三相连续井筒伴热装置。其技术方案为：防爆接线盒(1)安装在三相连续加热棒(4)的首端，用三相导线(5)将三相连续加热棒(4)与调制波电源(6)的输出端连接；悬挂器(2)锁装在三相连续加热棒(4)的本体上，位于防爆接线盒(1)下面，并悬挂在井口密封器(3)的上面，井口密封器(3)与井口采油树小四通密封连接，三相连续加热棒(4)自井口采油树小四通密封器(3)的内孔进入井筒，构成井筒伴热流程的技术和方法。本发明加热效率高，上下发热功率均匀，防腐和抗拉强度高，加热深度不受限制，解决了现有井筒电伴热技术无法完成的海上油田井筒伴热难题。
The invention provides a three-phase continuous wellbore heat tracing device for an electric pump well. The technical solution is: the explosion-proof junction box (1) is installed at the head end of the three-phase continuous heating rod (4), and the output of the three-phase continuous heating rod (4) and the modulated wave power supply (6) are connected by a three-phase wire (5). end connection; the hanger (2) is locked on the body of the three-phase continuous heating rod (4), located under the explosion-proof junction box (1), and suspended above the wellhead sealer (3), the wellhead sealer (3) It is sealed and connected with the small spool of the wellhead Christmas tree, and the three-phase continuous heating rod (4) enters the wellbore from the inner hole of the small spool sealer (3) of the wellhead christmas tree to form the technology and method of the wellbore heat tracing process. The invention has high heating efficiency, uniform heating power up and down, high anti-corrosion and tensile strength, unlimited heating depth, and solves the problem of wellbore heat tracing in offshore oilfields that cannot be accomplished by the existing wellbore electric heat tracing technology.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及油田采油机械技术领域，尤其是一种电泵井三相连续井筒伴热装置。The invention relates to the technical field of oil production machinery in oil fields, in particular to a three-phase continuous wellbore heat tracing device for an electric pump well.
背景技术Background technique
海洋油田也和陆地油田一样有着丰富的稠油及高凝油储量，仅中海油渤海油田已探明的稠油就占总储量的80％，高凝油的结蜡现象普遍存在。如果不配套井筒降粘、防蜡措施就会严重影响原油生产，甚至不能产出。通过多年进化、对比、淘汰，优选了性价比较高的热降粘、熔蜡技术，常规的机抽和自喷采油井，通常使用空心杆伴热技术或油管电热技术就能很好地解决井筒伴热问题。但在海上油田一、受平台空间等限制，不能使用陆地常用的机抽及空心杆伴热技术设备，基本都采用电潜泵采油工艺；二、由于电潜泵的供电铠皮电缆要从井口通过油套管环空连接到泵，油管柱上的安全及其它措施工具也较陆地油井复杂很多，破坏了油管加热技术油套管环空不能短路的运行环境而不能实施；三、化学药剂等其它技术措施不能根本解决问题，陆地油田的常规技术无法在狭小的海上采油平台施展，亟需一套适合于海洋平台环境的井筒降粘、解蜡技术，在不需要大规模配套作业的前提下，就能实现简单安装，彻底解决海洋油井稠油、高凝油的井筒伴热降粘、清蜡难题，确保原油采集生产正常顺利进行。Like land oil fields, offshore oil fields also have abundant reserves of heavy oil and high pouring oil. The proven heavy oil in CNOOC Bohai Oilfield alone accounts for 80% of the total reserves, and the phenomenon of waxing of high pouring oil is common. If the wellbore viscosity reduction and wax prevention measures are not matched, crude oil production will be seriously affected, or even output will not be possible. Through years of evolution, comparison, and elimination, the cost-effective thermal viscosity reduction and wax melting technologies have been optimized. For conventional mechanical pumping and self-spraying production wells, hollow rod heat tracing technology or tubing electric heating technology can usually solve wellbore problems well. Heat tracing problem. However, in offshore oilfields, firstly, limited by the space of the platform, the commonly used mechanical pumping and hollow rod heat tracing equipment on land cannot be used, and the electric submersible pump oil production process is basically used; The oil casing annulus is connected to the pump, and the safety and other measures on the tubing string are much more complicated than that of land oil wells, which destroys the operating environment where the oil casing annulus cannot be short-circuited and cannot be implemented; 3. Chemical agents, etc. Other technical measures cannot fundamentally solve the problem. Conventional technologies in land oilfields cannot be used on narrow offshore oil production platforms. A wellbore viscosity reduction and wax removal technology suitable for offshore platform environments is urgently needed. On the premise that large-scale supporting operations are not required , can realize simple installation, completely solve the problems of wellbore heat tracing, viscosity reduction and wax removal of heavy oil and high pour point oil in offshore oil wells, and ensure the normal and smooth operation of crude oil collection and production.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对海洋油井的特殊环境及要求，其目的在于提供一种适用于海洋采油平台电潜泵井的体积小巧、方便施工安装的三相连续井筒电伴热技术装置，彻底解决海洋油田采油平台稠油、高凝油井的井筒伴热降粘、蜡阻、蜡堵问题，同时感知井下供液量是否充足，提供控制电潜泵排量调整信号，保持其举升量与油层供液量平衡，起到节能、防止加热棒局部过热损坏的作用。The present invention is aimed at the special environment and requirements of offshore oil wells, and its purpose is to provide a three-phase continuous wellbore electric heat tracing technology device suitable for electric submersible pump wells on offshore oil production platforms, which is small in size and convenient for construction and installation, so as to completely solve the problem of oil production platforms in offshore oil fields. Wellbore heating viscosity reduction, wax resistance, wax plugging problems of heavy oil and high pour point oil wells, at the same time sense whether the downhole liquid supply is sufficient, provide a signal to control the displacement adjustment of the electric submersible pump, and maintain the balance between its lift and oil layer liquid supply , play the role of saving energy and preventing local overheating damage to the heating rod.
一种电泵井三相连续井筒伴热装置，主要由调制波电源、三相连续加热棒、防爆接线盒、加热棒悬挂器、导线、出口温度变送器构成。安装时由撬装式电动滚筒将三相连续加热棒由井口下入油管内至加热深度，将加热棒悬挂器锁紧加热棒悬挂在井口密封器上，从防爆接线盒处将供电导线及过热保护控制线连接到调制波电源，构成三相Y型加热回路。用于稠油井筒伴热时，系统将按预设温度自动调整伴热功率恒温运行；用于高凝油清蜡洗井时，系统将根据实际结蜡周期，按预设加热周期、加热时间及要求达到的温度周期性自动开启加热运行和停止，也可以自检结蜡状况自动开启经行清蜡洗井运行。用物理法高效、节能、环保地彻底解决其它技术无法完成的电泵井尤其是海洋采油平台电泵井的井筒伴热问题。调制波电源主要由特种三相隔离变压器、快速可控硅三相全桥换相逆变器、智能控制系统及专用软件构成；其特征在于该电源能将与电网隔离的次级工频三相电，调制成三相调制波电流供给井下三相连续加热棒进行电热转换做功，用于井筒伴热。三相连续加热棒，将两根柔丝钢绳平行排列在椭圆形不锈钢铠缆护套内，由高温绝缘层绝缘分隔呈相互电绝缘关系并在末端密封短接，以两根柔丝钢绳和不锈钢铠缆护套做为加热电阻，构成Y型三相加热回路，提高三相连续加热棒的抗拉强度和耐腐蚀性。A three-phase continuous wellbore heat tracing device for an electric pump well mainly consists of a modulated wave power supply, a three-phase continuous heating rod, an explosion-proof junction box, a heating rod hanger, wires, and an outlet temperature transmitter. During installation, the three-phase continuous heating rod is lowered from the wellhead into the oil pipe to the heating depth by the skid-mounted electric drum, the heating rod hanger is locked and the heating rod is hung on the wellhead sealer, and the power supply wire and overheating rod are connected from the explosion-proof junction box. The protection control line is connected to the modulated wave power supply to form a three-phase Y-shaped heating circuit. When used for heavy oil wellbore heat tracing, the system will automatically adjust the heating power to run at a constant temperature according to the preset temperature; when used for high pour point oil wax removal and well cleaning, the system will follow the preset heating cycle and heating time according to the actual wax deposition cycle And the required temperature is automatically started and stopped periodically, and it can also automatically start the operation of wax removal and well washing by self-checking the wax deposition status. Using physical methods to completely solve the wellbore heat tracing problem of electric pump wells, especially electric pump wells on offshore oil production platforms, that cannot be completed by other technologies in an efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly manner. The modulated wave power supply is mainly composed of a special three-phase isolation transformer, a fast thyristor three-phase full-bridge commutation inverter, an intelligent control system and special software; it is characterized in that the power supply can isolate the secondary power frequency three-phase The electricity is modulated into a three-phase modulated wave current and supplied to the downhole three-phase continuous heating rod for electrothermal conversion and work, which is used for wellbore heat tracing. Three-phase continuous heating rods, two flexible wire steel ropes are arranged in parallel in the oval stainless steel armored cable sheath, separated by high temperature insulation layer to form a mutual electrical insulation relationship and sealed and shorted at the end, with two flexible wire steel ropes And the stainless steel armored cable sheath is used as a heating resistor to form a Y-shaped three-phase heating circuit to improve the tensile strength and corrosion resistance of the three-phase continuous heating rod.
本发明的上述目的是通过以下技术手段实现的：Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical means:
一种电泵井三相连续井筒伴热装置，主要由调制波电源、三相连续加热棒、防爆接线盒、加热棒悬挂器、导线、出口温度变送器构成；调制波电源特种变压器能将现场的电网电压隔离转换成否和加热需要的工频三相电，通过智能控制系统及专用软件控制两组快速可控硅三相全桥换相逆变器，调制成三相调制波电流供给井下三相连续加热棒进行恒温运行电热转换做功。三相连续加热棒，由不锈钢铠缆护套、两根柔丝钢绳和高温绝缘层构成；两根柔丝钢绳由高温绝缘层绝缘分隔，平行排列在椭圆形不锈钢铠缆护套内，三者呈相互电绝缘关系。使用时在三相连续加热棒的下端进行密封短接，将上端的不锈钢铠缆护套和两根柔丝钢绳分别接于三相调制波电源的输出的a、b、c端上，构成以不锈钢铠缆护套和两根柔丝钢绳为电阻的三相星型加热回路；在加热棒内每10m埋设一个过热保护开关，用一根导线贯串上下，利用其过热保护开关信号，可获知井下供液量是否充足，提供控制电潜泵排量调整信号，起到节能、防止加热棒局部过热损坏的作用。A three-phase continuous wellbore heating device for an electric pump well, mainly composed of a modulated wave power supply, a three-phase continuous heating rod, an explosion-proof junction box, a heating rod hanger, wires, and an outlet temperature transmitter; the special transformer of the modulated wave power supply can The on-site power grid voltage is isolated and converted into power frequency three-phase power required for heating, and two sets of fast thyristor three-phase full-bridge commutation inverters are controlled by an intelligent control system and special software, and modulated into a three-phase modulated wave current to supply underground The three-phase continuous heating rod performs electrothermal conversion work at constant temperature. The three-phase continuous heating rod is composed of stainless steel armored cable sheath, two flexible wire steel ropes and high-temperature insulation layer; the two flexible wire steel ropes are insulated and separated by high-temperature insulation layer, and are arranged in parallel in the oval stainless steel armored cable sheath. The three are mutually electrically insulated. When in use, the lower end of the three-phase continuous heating rod is sealed and short-circuited, and the upper end of the stainless steel armored cable sheath and two soft wire steel ropes are respectively connected to the a, b, and c ends of the output of the three-phase modulated wave power supply to form a A three-phase star-shaped heating circuit with stainless steel armored cable sheath and two flexible steel ropes as resistance; an overheating protection switch is buried every 10m in the heating rod, and a wire runs through the top and bottom, and the signal of the overheating protection switch can be used. Know whether the downhole liquid supply is sufficient, provide a signal to control the displacement adjustment of the electric submersible pump, and play the role of saving energy and preventing local overheating of the heating rod.
安装时，将规定长度的三相连续加热棒用撬装式滚筒自井口采油树小四通的上闸阀处置入井内，下至预定深度后用密封器将三相连续加热棒与井口密封，以加热棒悬挂器将三相连续加热棒卡住并悬挂在密封器上，自三相连续加热棒首端的防爆接线盒用导线与调制波电源连接构成电回路。工作时，该设备将通过出口温度变送器构成的闭环控制回路，按预设温度值通过智能控制系统及专用软件，自动调整加热功率恒温运行进行井筒伴热。利用三相连续加热棒中的过热保护开关信号，利用三相连续加热棒中的过热保护开关信号，可获知井下供液量是否充足，提供控制电潜泵排量调整信号，保持其举升量与油层供液量平衡，防止加热棒局部过热损坏。When installing, use a skid-mounted drum to dispose the three-phase continuous heating rod with a specified length into the well from the upper gate valve of the small cross of the wellhead Christmas tree, and seal the three-phase continuous heating rod and the wellhead with a sealer after descending to a predetermined depth. The heating rod hanger clamps and hangs the three-phase continuous heating rod on the sealer, and connects the explosion-proof junction box at the head end of the three-phase continuous heating rod with the modulated wave power supply to form an electrical circuit. When working, the equipment will automatically adjust the heating power and run at constant temperature according to the preset temperature value through the closed-loop control circuit formed by the outlet temperature transmitter through the intelligent control system and special software for wellbore heat tracing. Using the overheat protection switch signal in the three-phase continuous heating rod, it can be used to know whether the underground liquid supply is sufficient, and provide a control signal to adjust the displacement of the electric submersible pump to maintain its lift It is balanced with the liquid supply volume of the oil layer to prevent local overheating and damage to the heating rod.
本发明所提供的电泵井三相连续井筒伴热装置，与现有技术相比具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the electric pump well three-phase continuous wellbore heat tracing device provided by the present invention has the following advantages:
调制波电源采用智能控制的快速可控硅两组三相全桥交替换相逆变技术属于并联方式，较先整流后逆变技术的串联方式减少元件自耗电50％；采用椭圆形三相连续加热方式，比单相供电的变压器功率因数高、保持电网平衡、加热效率高，上下发热功率均匀；椭圆形三相连续加热棒采用柔丝钢绳和不锈钢铠缆护套做电阻，防腐和抗拉强度高，加热深度不受限制；利用三相连续加热棒中的过热保护开关信号，可获知井下供液量是否充足，提供控制电潜泵排量调整信号，保持其举升量与油层供液量平衡，防止加热棒局部过热损坏。具有很高的电气性能及防过热和防爆性能，适合安全级别要求较高的环境；椭圆形三相连续加热棒有利于弯曲，便于撬装滚筒起下作业，在不起管作业的前提下利用撬装滚筒在诸如海洋采油平台等狭小空间直接将椭圆形三相连续加热棒入井，解决现有井筒电伴热技术无法完成的海上油田井筒伴热难题；设备整体智能控制、结构简单、安全防爆级别高、井下部分免维护运行，专门为安防级别要求较高的海洋平台等海陆电潜泵油井、自喷井设计，解决其井筒伴热难题。The modulated wave power supply adopts intelligently controlled fast thyristor two groups of three-phase full-bridge alternating-phase inverter technology, which belongs to the parallel connection method, which reduces the self-consumption of components by 50% compared with the series method of rectification first and then inverter technology; adopts oval three-phase The continuous heating method has higher power factor than single-phase power supply transformers, maintains grid balance, high heating efficiency, and uniform heating power from top to bottom; the oval three-phase continuous heating rod uses flexible wire steel rope and stainless steel armored cable sheath as resistance, anti-corrosion and The tensile strength is high, and the heating depth is not limited; the overheat protection switch signal in the three-phase continuous heating rod can be used to know whether the downhole liquid supply is sufficient, and provide a signal to control the displacement adjustment of the electric submersible pump, so as to maintain its lifting capacity and oil layer The liquid supply is balanced to prevent the heating rod from being damaged by local overheating. It has high electrical performance, anti-overheating and explosion-proof performance, and is suitable for environments with high safety requirements; the oval three-phase continuous heating rod is conducive to bending, which is convenient for lifting and lowering operations of skid-mounted drums, and can be used under the premise of not being able to handle tube operations The skid-mounted drum directly inserts the elliptical three-phase continuous heating rod into the well in a narrow space such as an offshore oil production platform, solving the problem of wellbore heat tracing in offshore oilfields that cannot be completed by the existing wellbore electric heat tracing technology; the overall intelligent control of the equipment, simple structure, safety and explosion-proof High-level, maintenance-free operation in the downhole part, specially designed for offshore and land electric submersible pump wells and self-flow wells such as offshore platforms with high security requirements, to solve the problem of wellbore heat tracing.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1为本发明具体实施例结构示意图；Accompanying
附图2为本发明具体实施例三相连续加热棒结构示意图；Accompanying
附图3为本发明具体实施例原理流程示意图。Accompanying
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图1、附图2、附图3详细介绍本发明的实施例：防爆接线盒1安装在三相连续加热棒4的首端，自此用三相导线5将三相连续加热棒4与调制波电源6的输出端连接；悬挂器2锁装在三相连续加热棒4的本体上，位于防爆接线盒1下面，并悬挂在井口密封器3的上面，井口密封器3与井口采油树小四通密封连接，三相连续加热棒4自井口采油树小四通密封器3的内孔进入井筒，构成井筒伴热流程。调制波电源6主要由特种隔离变压器11、逆变系统12、智能控制系统13、出口温度变送器14和三相连续加热棒过热保护系统15等构成；特种隔离变压器11能将现场的电网电压隔离变换成要求的工频电压输出，供给逆变系统12在智能控制系统13及专用软件的指令下，实时自动调整转换成符合井筒中三相连续加热棒4供热要求的三相调制波电流，出口温度变送器14用于感知原油的出口温度变化信号，提供给智能控制系统13，用于控制调整逆变系统12做功率调整，改变三相连续加热棒4的加热功率，让原油的出口温度保持恒定；依据三相连续加热棒过热保护系统15的输出信号，一方面用于控制电潜油泵的变频调速配电系统的输出频率，调节电潜油泵的排量，保持其举升量与油层供液量平衡，另一方面用于防止三相连续加热棒4产生局部过热损坏。三相连续加热棒4主要由柔丝钢绳7、柔丝钢绳8、高温绝缘层9、不锈钢铠缆护套10和过热保护系统15构成；三相连续加热棒4，是以不锈钢铠缆护套10和平行铺设在不锈钢铠缆护套10内的柔丝钢绳7和柔丝钢绳8做三相发热电阻，在三相连续加热棒4的末端进行密封短接，将其首端的不锈钢铠缆护套10、柔丝钢绳7和柔丝钢绳8分别接于调制波电源6的a、b、c输出端，构成以三相连续加热棒4末端为中性点的三相Y型加热回路；不锈钢铠缆护套10、柔丝钢绳7、柔丝钢绳8及过热保护系统15之间充填高温绝缘层9，使其相互之间呈良好的电绝缘性。不锈钢铠缆护套10是由耐腐蚀性高、刚性低、抗拉强度高的不锈钢材料制成，与由柔丝钢绳7、柔丝钢绳8构成的三相连续加热棒4的长度按需要加热深度制定，其截面形状呈椭圆状，增强其弯曲性，有利于缠绕在滚筒上便于运输和起下。所述的过热保护系统15是由和柔丝钢绳7、柔丝钢绳8一样敷设在不锈钢铠缆护套10内的，每10米一个用导线串联的感温元件构成，用于感知井下供液情况，提供控制电潜泵排量调整信号，保持其举升量与油层供液量平衡，防止三相连续加热棒4局部过热损坏。Below in conjunction with accompanying
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| CN111287707A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2020-06-16 | 西南石油大学 | A device and method for using wake power generation to heat seawater to realize drag reduction of heavy oil |
| US11955782B1 (en) | 2022-11-01 | 2024-04-09 | Typhon Technology Solutions (U.S.), Llc | System and method for fracturing of underground formations using electric grid power |
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| CN111287707B (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-09-21 | 西南石油大学 | Device and method for realizing resistance reduction of thickened oil by utilizing wake flow to generate electricity and heat seawater |
| US11955782B1 (en) | 2022-11-01 | 2024-04-09 | Typhon Technology Solutions (U.S.), Llc | System and method for fracturing of underground formations using electric grid power |
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Application publication date: 20130327 |