CN105174576A - Novel seawater desalination system - Google Patents
Novel seawater desalination system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105174576A CN105174576A CN201510253489.8A CN201510253489A CN105174576A CN 105174576 A CN105174576 A CN 105174576A CN 201510253489 A CN201510253489 A CN 201510253489A CN 105174576 A CN105174576 A CN 105174576A
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005574 cross-species transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 then Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
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- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Landscapes
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a novel seawater desalination system, which comprises a seawater pretreatment unit, a heat exchange unit, a solar heat pipe type heat collection unit, a solar partial wave heat gathering light guiding unit, and a solar electric auxiliary heating type low-pressure membrane distillation unit. The system adopts solar energy as the power, takes seawater as the raw material, combines the solar partial wave heat gathering light guiding technology with solar electric auxiliary heating type low-pressure membrane distillation technology, makes full use of solar photo-thermal and photoelectric technologies, provides the heat source and electric power source needed for seawater desalination, bitter-brackish water desalination or high salinity water wastewater treatment, saves a lot of electric energy, and reduces the investment operation cost. The produced freshwater has the characteristics of high yield and low operation cost, and can directly serve as the direct drinking water for human to use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the seawater desalination system of cooperative development of a kind of sea water desaltination, photovoltaic industry and chlorine industry, particularly relate to a kind of novel desalination technology.
Background technology
A large bottleneck of restriction China Economic development, the significant problem of world's facing are especially not only in the shortage of Freshwater resources.And nearly the human living of 79% is in the place of distance sea less than 120 kilometers, vast ocean accounts for the area of earth surface nearly 3/4, and seawater has 96.53% (seawater total amount is 13380 billion cubic meters) of earth total Water.Visible, seawater is the main body of earth water.Therefore sea water desaltination will be the important means solving mankind's water shortage problem, or even the selection of the best.Existing more than 130 country in the current whole world carries out sea water desaltination.Embrane method (reverse osmosis is main) and distillation method (multistage flash evaporation and low-temperature multi-effect are main) are two kinds of desalination technologies of world today's widespread use, but all there is the problem that pre-treatment complexity, energy consumption are comparatively large, home-made equipment is low, processing costs is higher in these two kinds of methods, be equivalent to consume the energy and exchange Freshwater resources for, the present situation that this and international energy are day by day deficient produces serious contravention.Therefore, try to explore solar seawater desalination industry new way, realize utilizing solar heat water-electricity cogeneration pattern, beyond doubt coastal and area of bordering on the sea is most economical, the most practical, the most flexibly, most environmental protection and the most basic water crisis solution.
The basic skills of solar seawater desalination has two kinds: one to be that the heat-driven seawater utilizing the sun to produce undergoes phase transition and is separated, and carries out condensation to the water vapor be separated, and produces fresh water; Two is ion directional migrations that the DC electric field utilizing sun power to produce makes in seawater, realizes being separated of solute and solvent, reach the object of sea water desaltination by ion-exchange membrane.Because the energy-flux density of sun power is lower, every square metre less than 1 kilowatt usually; And its energy presents unstable and discontinuity with weather in time, cause traditional solar seawater desalination vaporizer producing water ratio low, limit it and popularize on a large scale.Secondly, there are three shortcomings in traditional solar seawater desalination vaporizer: in first device, the overall heat storage capacity of seawater is too large, slow down advancing the speed of seawater temperature in device, decrease water discharging time and the aquifer yield of device.It two is that the latent heat of condensation of water vapor is not utilized, and this part heat also makes cover plate temperature raise, and reduces the temperature difference with seawater, reduces rate of set.It three is adopt heat transfer free convection form in system, does not have too high heat and mass efficiency, limits the overall efficiency of system.
In order to improve the producing water ratio of solar seawater desalination vaporizer, domestic and international researchist designs very eurypalynous solar seawater desalination vaporizer.Modern solar seawater desalination adopts active mostly, and as multiple-effect back-heating type solar energy sea water desalination apparatus, producing water ratio is high, but also consumes many electric energy; Foreign scholar installs fin in traditional solar energy sea water distillation tray, the useful area absorbing sun power is increased, accelerates the speed that seawater heats up, improve the producing water ratio of system; In addition, the concern of the scholar that the recovery of steam heat also causes, utilizes multistage laminated disc structure to reuse the latent heat of condensation, and strengthening condensation effect, improves the efficiency of solar still; Also have direet-heating type solar energy sea water desalination apparatus, seawater directly enters collecting system, saves the heat exchanging apparatus producing steam; Solar still chassis design is become semisphere, the cotton material of painted black is laid in semisphere chassis, utilize capillary effect minimizing dish maritime interior waters capacity as far as possible, increase the useful area of evaporation of seawater, and glass cover-plate is designed to pyramid, the glass cover-plate being 45 ° by inclination angle, four sides forms, increase the luminous energy of Absorption by Sea Water, avoid the sun and move the shade that causes to the disadvantageous effect of sea water by distillation device, through experimental study, discovery system is 4.1L/m at the average producing water ratio of fine day
2, system maximum instantaneous efficiency is 45%; Also have on humidification-dehumidifying sea water desaltination basis, the mode of Bian thermal coupling, evaporative process combined with condensation process and the Heat and Mass Transfer Characteristics of desalting process is studied, setting up heat and mass balance equation, rate of mass transfer equation and the evaporative condenser side rate of heat transfer equation of evaporation side and condensation side.The water production rate of system and the efficiency of system are respectively 1.97kg/h and 43.5%.
Sun power is a kind of electromagnetic radiation, and it can be converted into heat energy and electric energy, and utilizing sun power to carry out sea water desaltination not only can save energy but also can meet the requirement of environmental protection, had catered to the demand of development.Solar energy power generating, as the important component part of renewable energy utilization, has obtained the support energetically of numerous national government.Can predict, 21 century utilizes sun power to the main supply approach of the comprehensive utilization of seawater as Freshwater resources, will play a significant role, have vast potential for future development in China's various fields.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: in order to overcome prior art Problems existing and limitation, a kind of solar seawater desalination system is provided, this system mainly adopts the guide-lighting technology of sun power partial wave heat build-up and solar-electricity additional hot type low-pressure membrane distillation technique, produce that gained fresh water yield is high, running cost is low and can directly as direct-drinking water for the mankind.
The present invention solves its technical problem and adopts following technical scheme:
Novel sea water desalinization system provided by the invention, comprises sea water preprocessing unit, heat exchange unit, solar heat tubular type heat collection unit, sun power partial wave heat build-up light element, the solar-electricity additional hot type low-pressure membrane distillation unit arranged successively.
Described novel sea water desalinization system, also comprises strong brine photovoltaic electrolysis cells, after it is arranged in solar-electricity additional hot type low-pressure membrane distillation unit.
Described sea water preprocessing unit is made up of sea water preprocessing case, sea water tank and the ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer be connected by pipeline, wherein: on the pipeline connecting sea water preprocessing case, sea water tank, the first valve is housed; The 8th valve the pipeline of sea water preprocessing case, ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer is equipped with, sea water preprocessing case is directly connected by the 8th valve with the chlorine of ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer Electrowinning, in order to remove the assorted algae in seawater, then, precipitate and enter in sea water tank for subsequent use after quartz yarn or fiber filter.Directly sea water tank is entered by the 9th valve with the products sodium chloride of ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer electrolysis.
Described heat exchange unit is made up of the lift pump be connected by pipeline and heat-exchanging water tank, the pipeline that lift pump is connected with sea water tank is connected to the first thermometer, is connected to first-class gauge between lift pump and heat-exchanging water tank; Spiral heat exchange tube is provided with in heat-exchanging water tank.
Described solar heat tubular type heat collection unit is made up of solar energy heating conduit and light collecting plate, and wherein: light collecting plate is arranged on solar energy heating conduit by coverage mode, light collecting plate adopts the light collecting plate of small-sized slot type circular arc.
Described sun power partial wave heat build-up light element, it adds thermal distillation unit by high product energy echelon and low-heat concentration solar generating unit forms.
Described high product energy echelon adds thermal distillation unit, primarily of slot type or circular arc condensing apparatus, reflecting coating, high temperature resistant conduit and adjustable light guiding plate composition, wherein: below slot type or circular arc condensing apparatus, be furnished with the first turning adjuster and base, the internal layer of this condensing apparatus scribbles reflecting coating, first turning adjuster directly connects high temperature resistant conduit, be furnished with water inlet pipe and rising pipe in high temperature resistant conduit, high temperature resistant conduit upper end is connected with adjustable light guiding plate by the second turning adjuster.
Described low-heat concentration solar generating unit, by solar panel, invertor, store battery, wherein: solar panel south dip 45° angle, the positive and negative electrode of solar panel is connected with the positive and negative electrode of store battery, and the positive and negative electrode of store battery is connected with the positive and negative electrode of invertor.
Described solar-electricity additional hot type low-pressure membrane distillation unit, it is a kind of solar-electricity additional thermal low membrane distillation vaporizer, its structure is: be provided with square box, both sides are housed relatively in the double layer hollow transparent vacuum glass of 90 degree right angle inverted-V-shapeds at the top of casing, below it 5cm place be equipped with both sides be relatively 90 degree of right angle inverted-V-shapeds solar energy heat absorbing coating; Be provided with thermal insulation layer in the both sides of casing, bottom, arrange water inlet pipe at bottom half, the inside of this casing is provided with membrane module, stainless steel nichrome wire from top to bottom successively; Membrane module is suspended on solar energy heat absorbing coating lower end, top 5cm At The Height; Stainless steel nichrome wire is laid in the middle of bottom half; In the inside of casing, be from left to right provided with desalination distilled water Liquid level magnetic valve 56, desalination distilled water tank, strong brine tank, strong brine Liquid level magnetic valve, spill-over mouth, thermometer and water inlet pipe successively.
Described strong brine photovoltaic electrolysis cells, be made up of the spiral heat exchange tube be connected by pipeline, strong brine outlet and ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer, wherein: the strong brine outlet on the left of spiral heat exchange tube upper end is directly connected with the anolyte compartment of ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer, and the chlorine produced in anolyte compartment is stored by alkali lye by chlorine storage tank; The distilled water passed into containing a small amount of NaOH at ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer carries out electrolysis, and the hydrogen produced at cathode compartment is stored by metal oxide by hydrogen container; The dense NaOH that cathode compartment produces collects in sodium hydroxide collection box, and the light salt brine after desalination is collected in light salt brine collection box.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following main advantage:
1. the sun power partial wave heat build-up light element of the present invention's employing, can be sea water desaltination provides high product energy echelon to heat distillation technique and the low-heat concentration solar generating technology needed for sea water desaltination.
2. high product energy echelon of the present invention adds the heat energy grade that thermal distillation unit can improve rapidly sun power, and after condensing apparatus optically focused, make local temperature can reach about 400 DEG C, light intensity improves more than 10 times.
3. low-heat concentration solar generating unit of the present invention strengthens light with low-heat to improve solar energy generating efficiency.Replace civil power to originate by the photovoltaic generation (battery section) of solar panel, directly exporting provides power source to electrolysis with ion-exchange film strong brine.Utilize solar energy power generating unit (inverter section), the DC inverter that solar electrical energy generation produces is become alternating-current, air pump, lift pump and the support of stainless steel nichrome wire electric power are provided.。
4. solar-electricity of the present invention additional hot type low-pressure membrane distillation unit, electric energy is provided with photovoltaic generation, adopt electric additional heat, seawater temperature can be heated to about 90 DEG C, and by low-pressure membrane distillation evaporation, extract water vapor by membrane module out with vacuum pump, make evaporation apart from short, evaporation area is large, heat lost by radiation is few.
5. heat exchange unit of the present invention by after the hot fresh water (about 85 DEG C) that distills out and raw material seawater heat exchange, can make raw material seawater temperature can reach about 50 DEG C, takes full advantage of the latent heat of condensation of steam.
6. gained fresh water producing water ratio of the present invention is high, September a certain fair weather utilize this seawater desalination system, every day is the highest produces 60kg fresh water.The NaOH concentration that electrolysis with ion-exchange film is produced reaches as high as 25%, and available chlorine productive rate is 80g/h.
7. present system is except for except the waterworks construction of seashore island, also can be used for brackish water desalination and haline water wastewater treatment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the solar heat tubular type heat collector 18 in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are the structural representations of the sun power partial wave heat build-up lightguide 23 in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the solar-electricity additional thermal low membrane distillation vaporizer 27 in Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer 10 in Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is process flow sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is Wuhan Area fair weather one day in September, present system fresh water yield, solar radiation intensity and the graph of a relation of time.
In figure: 1. sea water preprocessing case; 2. the first valve; 3. sea water tank; 4. the first thermometer; 5. lift pump; 6. first-class gauge; 7. heat-exchanging water tank; 8. second gauge; 9. spiral heat exchange tube; 10. ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer; 11. desalination water outlets; 12. second thermometers; 13. the 3rd thermometers; 14. second valves; 15. the 3rd under meters; 16. the 4th thermometers; 17. the 3rd valves; 18. solar heat tubular type heat collectors; 19. the 4th under meters; 20. the 5th thermometers; 21. the 4th valves; 22. the 5th under meters; 23. sun power partial wave heat build-up lightguides; 24. the 6th thermometers; 25. the 5th valves; 26. the 6th under meters; 27. solar-electricity additional thermal low membrane distillation vaporizer; 28. the 7th thermometers; 29. the 8th thermometers; 30. the 6th valves; 31. the 7th valves; 32. vacuum pumps; 33. steam-flow meters; 34. solar energy heating conduits; 35. light collecting plates; 36. bases; 37. first turning adjusters; 38. slot types or circular arc condensing apparatus; 39. reflecting coatings; 40. high temperature resistant conduits; 41. water inlet pipes; 42. rising pipes; 43. adjustable light guiding plates; 44. solar panels; 45. store batteries; 46. invertors; 47. second turning adjusters; 48. water inlet pipes; 49. stainless steel nichrome wire; 50. membrane modules; 51. solar energy heat absorbing coatings (as black nickel aluminium sheet); 52. transparent glasses; 53. thermometers; 54. spill-over mouths; 55. thermal insulation layers; 56. desalination distilled water level control valves; 57. desalination distilled water tanks; 58. strong brine tanks; 59. strong brine Liquid level magnetic valves; 60. strong brine outlets; 61. chlorine storage tanks; 62. hydrogen containers; 63. light salt brine collection boxs; 64. sodium hydroxide collection boxs; 65. the 8th valves; 66. the 9th valves.
Embodiment
A kind of novel seawater desalination system provided by the invention, it take sun power as power, seawater is raw material, guide-lighting for the heat build-up of sun power partial wave technology and solar-electricity additional hot type low-pressure membrane distillation technique are combined, make full use of solar energy optical-thermal and photoelectric technology, for sea water desaltination, brackish water desalination or haline water wastewater treatment provide required thermal source and power source.
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, but do not limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1. seawater desalination system
The structure of this seawater desalination system as shown in Figures 1 to 6, technical process as shown in Figure 7, comprise arrange successively sea water preprocessing unit, heat exchange unit, solar heat tubular type heat collection unit, the additional hot type low-pressure membrane distillation of sun power partial wave heat build-up light element, solar-electricity unit, strong brine photovoltaic electrolysis cells.
Described sea water preprocessing unit is made up of the sea water preprocessing case 1 be connected by pipeline, sea water tank 3 and ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer 10.Wherein: on the pipeline connecting sea water preprocessing case 1, sea water tank 3, first valve 2 is housed; The 8th valve 65 pipeline of sea water preprocessing case 1, ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer 10 is equipped with, directly sea water preprocessing case 1 is connected by the 8th valve 65 with the chlorine of ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer 10 Electrowinning, in order to remove the assorted algae in seawater, then, precipitate and enter in sea water tank 3 for subsequent use after quartz yarn or fiber filter.Directly sea water tank 3 is entered by the 9th valve 66 with the products sodium chloride of ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer 10 electrolysis.
Described heat exchange unit is made up of the lift pump 5 be connected by pipeline and heat-exchanging water tank 7.Wherein: on the pipeline that lift pump 5 is connected with sea water tank 3, be connected to the first thermometer 4, between lift pump 5 and heat-exchanging water tank 7, be connected to first-class gauge 6.Spiral heat exchange tube 9 is provided with in heat-exchanging water tank 7.Desalination water after the additional hot type low-pressure membrane distillation 27 of solar-electricity and the water temperature of strong brine, all at about 85 DEG C, are carried out heat exchange by spiral heat exchange tube 9 and pretreated heat-exchanging water tank 7 maritime interior waters, are made seawater water temperature to be diluted can reach about 50 DEG C.
Described solar heat tubular type heat collection unit is made up of solar energy heating conduit 34 and light collecting plate 35.Wherein: light collecting plate 35 is arranged on solar energy heating conduit 34 by coverage mode, in order to strengthen the thermal-arrest effect of sunlight, after heat-exchanging water tank 7 heat exchange, the seawater of process to be diluted enters solar energy heating conduit 34 and heats, and makes water temperature rise to about 70 DEG C.Light collecting plate 35 adopts the light collecting plate of small-sized slot type circular arc.
Described sun power partial wave heat build-up light element, it adds thermal distillation unit by high product energy echelon and low-heat concentration solar generating unit forms.
Described high product energy echelon adds thermal distillation unit, it is by slot type or circular arc condensing apparatus 38, first turning adjuster 37, base 36, reflecting coating 39, high temperature resistant conduit 40, water inlet pipe 41, rising pipe 42, second turning adjuster 47 and adjustable light guiding plate 43 form, wherein: below slot type or circular arc condensing apparatus 38, be furnished with the first turning adjuster 37 and base 36, the nexine of slot type or circular spotlight device 38 scribbles reflecting coating 39, first turning adjuster 37 directly connects high temperature resistant conduit 40, 40 li, high temperature resistant conduit is furnished with water inlet pipe 41 and rising pipe 42, the second turning adjuster 47 is equipped with in high temperature resistant conduit 40 upper end, second turning adjuster 47 is connected with adjustable light guiding plate 43.In order to improve the heat energy grade of sun power, larger slot formula condensing apparatus or circular spotlight device 38 is selected to carry out optically focused, make local temperature can reach about 400 DEG C, light intensity improves more than 10 times, the infrared heat energy after optically focused is absorbed with the hollow scribbling infrared absorbing material (as black nickel etc.) the high temperature resistant conduit 40 that absorbs heat, unabsorbed visible ray and UV-light temperature significantly decline, and are adjusted to any direction by the second turning adjuster 47 through light guiding plate 43.
Described low-heat concentration solar generating unit is by solar panel 44, invertor 46, store battery 45, wherein: solar panel 44 south dip 45° angle, the positive and negative electrode of solar panel 44 is connected with the positive and negative electrode of store battery 45, and the positive and negative electrode of store battery 45 is connected with the positive and negative electrode of invertor 46.The adjustable light guiding plate 43 in thermal distillation unit is added by high product energy echelon, can by unabsorbed visible ray and UV-light, non-uniform reflection, on solar panel 44, strengthens light with low-heat and improves solar energy generating efficiency.
Described solar-electricity additional hot type low-pressure membrane distillation unit, it is a kind of solar-electricity additional thermal low membrane distillation vaporizer 27, its structure is: be provided with square box, both sides are housed relatively in the double layer hollow transparent vacuum glass 52 of 90 degree right angle inverted-V-shapeds at the top of casing, below it 5cm place be equipped with both sides be relatively 90 degree of right angle inverted-V-shapeds solar energy heat absorbing coating (as black nickel aluminium sheet) 51.In casing both sides, bottom is provided with thermal insulation layer 55.Bottom casing 27, arrange water inlet pipe 48, the inside of this casing 27 is provided with membrane module 50, stainless steel nichrome wire 49 from top to bottom successively.Membrane module 50 is suspended on top solar energy heat absorbing coating 51 lower end 5cm At The Height.The stainless steel nichrome wire 49 of long 1m is laid in the middle bottom casing 27.In the inside of casing, be from left to right provided with desalination distilled water Liquid level magnetic valve 56, desalination distilled water tank 57, strong brine tank 58, strong brine Liquid level magnetic valve 59, spill-over mouth 54, thermometer 53 and water inlet pipe 48 successively.
The electric energy that this solar-electricity additional thermal low membrane distillation vaporizer 27 provides with photovoltaic generation or wind-power electricity generation.Adopt one or more groups stainless steel nichrome wire 49 rapid heating, seawater to be diluted is heated to about 90 DEG C further.Also can be used for there is no sunlight but the very large weather of wind-force, rely on wind-power electricity generation directly the pending heating that desalinizes seawater to be steamed and directly drinks to produce.By auxiliary for electricity with apical sink solar heating to 90 DEG C about seawater to be diluted, through low-pressure membrane distillation or multiple-effect evaporator evaporation, extract water vapor by membrane module out with vacuum pump appropriateness, evaporation area is larger, and heat radiation is less, vaporization heat exchanges and reuse repeatedly through heat exchanger, the hot fresh water distilled out can directly as bottled direct-drinking water after heat exchange, and isolated strong brine can partial reflux, also can directly evaporate brine, also can through photovoltaic Electrowinning chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide.
Described strong brine photovoltaic electrolysis cells, be made up of the spiral heat exchange tube 9 be connected by pipeline, strong brine outlet 60 and ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer 10, wherein: the anolyte compartment that the strong brine outlet 60 on the left of spiral heat exchange tube 9 upper end directly connects ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer 10 carries out electrolysis, and the chlorine produced in anolyte compartment is stored by alkali lye by chlorine storage tank 61.The distilled water passed into containing a small amount of NaOH at ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer 10 carries out electrolysis, and the hydrogen produced at cathode compartment is stored by metal oxide by hydrogen container 62; The dense NaOH that cathode compartment produces collects in sodium hydroxide collection box 64, and the light salt brine after desalination is collected in light salt brine collection box 63.Conventional chlorine industry the AC rectification of 380 volts is become the direct current of 220 volts, then be divided into 12 volts and carry out a point groove electrolysis; And photovoltaic generation to be the direct current of 12 volts that produced by photovoltaic cell boost to the alternating-current of 380 volts and network access uses through invertor, therefore, 12 volts of direct currents that photovoltaic cell produces are directly used in electrolysis strong brine, greatly will reduce running cost, meanwhile, the pollution waste that strong brine row sea is caused is reduced.The chlorine that electrolysis produces can be directly used in sea water preprocessing and to mix algae, also can be used for the sterilization and disinfection of rainwater, and hydrogen is can stored energy source, and sodium hydroxide is also important industrial chemicals.
Above-mentioned seawater desalination system provided by the invention, be power with sun power, providing electric power and heat power source, take seawater as raw material, and product is fresh water, chlor-alkali starting material, chlorine and hydrogen.Due to the embrane method heat absorption mode of membrane module in solar-electricity additional thermal low membrane distillation vaporizer, make evaporation distance shorter, evaporation area is larger, heat radiation is less, cover plate printing opacity and heat absorbing coating optically focused improve extinction efficiency, the water vapor in membrane module initiatively extracted out by vacuum pump, improve the thermo-efficiency of sea water desaltination, make full use of the latent heat of condensation preheating material seawater of steam, the secondary preheating of steam and solar heat tubular type heat collector, sun power partial wave heat build-up lightguide improves the additional heat of electricity of heat energy grade and stainless steel nichrome wire, ensure that the temperature needed for evaporation of seawater, the producing water ratio of sea water desaltination has been significantly improved while reducing power loss.And the by product strong brine of sea water desaltination is collected the starting material being used as electrolysis with ion-exchange film caustic soda and hydrogen.And the chlorine that electrolysis with ion-exchange film produces can be directly used in the pre-treatment of sea water desaltination.
Above-mentioned seawater desalination system provided by the invention, its working process is as follows:
First with strong brine photovoltaic Electrowinning chlorine directly in order to remove the assorted algae in raw material seawater, then precipitation pre-treatment is carried out to raw material seawater through quartz yarn or fiber filter.Be evacuated in heat-exchanging water tank through pretreated raw material seawater by lift pump, after the steam and the preheating of desalination product strong brine of vacuum pump active recovery, be transported to again in solar heat tubular type heat collector by secondary preheating, be transported to sun power partial wave heat build-up lightguide subsequently and improve its heat energy grade, finally be transported in solar-electricity additional thermal low membrane distillation vaporizer water inlet pipe, by the additional heat of the electricity of stainless steel nichrome wire, add the heat transfer process of top double-layer transparent glass plate and solar energy heat absorbing coating, thus by about heating of seawater to 90 to be diluted DEG C, seawater after heating is through low-pressure membrane distillation evaporation, water vapor is extracted out with vacuum pump appropriateness by membrane module, make evaporation distance shorter, evaporation area is larger, heat radiation is less.Strong brine after the water vapor and desalination of vacuum pump extraction directly enters in spiral heat exchange tube, and the two heat is passed to raw material seawater by spiral heat exchange tube, thus is lowered the temperature as desalination water product and strong brine product.So not only take full advantage of the waste heat of steam, and significantly reduce the thermal capacity of seawater, enhance the desalination speed of seawater, improve a day fresh water yield.Strong brine after cooling directly enters ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer, and the chlorine that electrolysis produces can be directly used in sea water preprocessing and to mix algae, also can be used for the sterilization and disinfection of rainwater, and hydrogen is can stored energy source, and sodium hydroxide is also important industrial chemicals.So not only take full advantage of the photovoltaic generation ability of sun power, decrease the pollution waste that strong brine row sea is caused simultaneously.In whole pipeline, be provided with thermometer, under meter, steam-flow meter and vacuum pump respectively and be used for recording correlation parameter, tank gage magnetic valve is used for observing desalination distilled water and the volume of desalinating rear strong brine.
In sea water desaltination operational process of the present invention, solar panel is by providing the direct power source of air pump, lift pump, stainless steel nichrome wire and ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer with invertor and store battery, effectively save equipment investment cost, while improving solar seawater desalination water production rate, serve the effect of clean environment firendly.
Above-mentioned seawater desalination system provided by the invention, its composition can according to practical application need increase and decrease, such as:
The application of embodiment 2. seawater desalination system
The bottled direct-drinking water seawater desalination system of 1,10 ton per day:
This system is distilled unit by the additional hot type low-pressure membrane of sea water preprocessing unit, heat exchange unit, solar heat tubular type heat collection unit, sun power partial wave heat build-up light element and solar-electricity and is formed.
Wherein: 2, water pump, 1 ~ 2 ton/time, 1, vacuum pump, 1 ~ 2 ton/time, electrothermal tube 2 ~ 5kw.
The bottled direct-drinking water seawater desalination system of 2.100 ton per day:
This system is made up of sea water preprocessing unit, heat exchange unit, solar heat tubular type heat collection unit, sun power partial wave heat build-up light element, the additional hot type low-pressure membrane distillation unit of solar-electricity and strong brine photovoltaic electrolysis cells.
Wherein: 2, water pump, 1 ~ 2 ton/time, 1, vacuum pump, 1 ~ 2 ton/time, electrothermal tube 2 ~ 5kw.
Claims (10)
1. a novel sea water desalinization system, is characterized in that comprising sea water preprocessing unit, heat exchange unit, solar heat tubular type heat collection unit, sun power partial wave heat build-up light element, the solar-electricity additional hot type low-pressure membrane distillation unit arranged successively.
2. novel sea water desalinization system according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising strong brine photovoltaic electrolysis cells, after it is arranged in solar-electricity additional hot type low-pressure membrane distillation unit.
3. novel sea water desalinization system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described sea water preprocessing unit is made up of the sea water preprocessing case (1) be connected by pipeline, sea water tank (3) and ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer (10), wherein: on the pipeline connecting sea water preprocessing case (1), sea water tank (3), the first valve (2) is housed; The 8th valve (65) pipeline of sea water preprocessing case (1), ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer (10) is equipped with, directly sea water preprocessing case (1) is connected by the 8th valve (65) with the chlorine of ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer (10) Electrowinning, in order to remove the assorted algae in seawater, then, precipitate and enter in sea water tank (3) for subsequent use after quartz yarn or fiber filter; Directly sea water tank (3) is entered by the 9th valve (66) with the products sodium chloride of ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer (10) electrolysis.
4. novel sea water desalinization system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described heat exchange unit is made up of the lift pump be connected by pipeline (5) and heat-exchanging water tank (7), the pipeline that lift pump (5) is connected with sea water tank (3) is connected to the first thermometer (4), between lift pump (5) and heat-exchanging water tank (7), is connected to first-class gauge (6); Spiral heat exchange tube (9) is provided with in heat-exchanging water tank (7).
5. novel sea water desalinization system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described solar heat tubular type heat collection unit is made up of solar energy heating conduit (34) and light collecting plate (35), wherein: light collecting plate (35) is arranged on solar energy heating conduit (34) by coverage mode, and light collecting plate (35) adopts the light collecting plate of small-sized slot type circular arc.
6. novel sea water desalinization system according to claim 1, is characterized in that described sun power partial wave heat build-up light element, and it adds thermal distillation unit by high product energy echelon and low-heat concentration solar generating unit forms.
7. novel sea water desalinization system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that described high product energy echelon adds thermal distillation unit, primarily of slot type or circular arc condensing apparatus (38), reflecting coating (39), high temperature resistant conduit (40) and adjustable light guiding plate (43) composition, wherein: below slot type or circular arc condensing apparatus (38), be furnished with the first turning adjuster (37) and base (36), the internal layer of this condensing apparatus scribbles reflecting coating (39), first turning adjuster (37) directly connects high temperature resistant conduit (40), high temperature resistant conduit (40) is inner is furnished with water inlet pipe (41) and rising pipe (42), high temperature resistant conduit (40) upper end is connected with adjustable light guiding plate (43) by the second turning adjuster (47).
8. novel sea water desalinization system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that described low-heat concentration solar generating unit is by solar panel (44), invertor (46), store battery (45), wherein: solar panel (44) south dip 45° angle, the positive and negative electrode of solar panel (44) is connected with the positive and negative electrode of store battery (45), and the positive and negative electrode of store battery (45) is connected with the positive and negative electrode of invertor (46).
9. novel sea water desalinization system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described solar-electricity additional hot type low-pressure membrane distillation unit, it is a kind of solar-electricity additional thermal low membrane distillation vaporizer (27), its structure is: be provided with square box, both sides are housed relatively in the double layer hollow transparent vacuum glass (52) of 90 degree right angle inverted-V-shapeds at the top of casing, be equipped with below it both sides be relatively 90 degree of right angle inverted-V-shapeds solar energy heat absorbing coating (51); In the both sides of casing, bottom is provided with thermal insulation layer (55), and arrange water inlet pipe at bottom half, the inside of this casing is provided with membrane module (50), stainless steel nichrome wire (49) from top to bottom successively; Membrane module (50) is suspended on top solar energy heat absorbing coating (51) lower end 5cm At The Height; Stainless steel nichrome wire (49) is laid in the middle of bottom half; In the inside of casing, be from left to right provided with desalination distilled water Liquid level magnetic valve (56), desalination distilled water tank (57), strong brine tank (58), strong brine Liquid level magnetic valve (59), spill-over mouth (54), thermometer (53) and water inlet pipe (48) successively.
10. novel sea water desalinization system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described strong brine photovoltaic electrolysis cells, be made up of the spiral heat exchange tube be connected by pipeline (9), strong brine outlet (60) and ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer (10), wherein: strong brine outlet (60) on the left of spiral heat exchange tube (9) upper end is directly connected with the anolyte compartment of ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer (10), and the chlorine produced in anolyte compartment is stored by alkali lye by chlorine storage tank (61); The distilled water passed into containing a small amount of NaOH at ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer (10) carries out electrolysis, and the hydrogen produced at cathode compartment is stored by metal oxide by hydrogen container (62); The dense NaOH that cathode compartment produces collects in sodium hydroxide collection box (64), and the light salt brine after desalination is collected in light salt brine collection box (63).
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Application publication date: 20151223 |