CN105157943B - A test method for vortex-induced vibration of suspended flexible riser based on open channel experimental tank - Google Patents
A test method for vortex-induced vibration of suspended flexible riser based on open channel experimental tank Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于明渠实验水槽的悬挂柔性立管涡激振动测试方法，采用明渠实验水槽，包括如下步骤：(1)布置实验立管；(2)构造明渠实验水槽的水流环境；(3)布置测试仪器；(4)测试剪切流的速度剖面；(5)测试柔性立管的振动响应。水槽底坡、水流流量、水深、剪切流速度剖面、柔性立管材料及尺寸均可根据实验需要调整。本发明通过两台高速摄像机捕捉柔性立管上标记点振动位移的方法，实现了剪切流速度剖面条件下非介入、无干扰的柔性立管振动测试。
The invention relates to a method for testing vortex-induced vibration of a suspended flexible standpipe based on an open channel experimental water tank. The open channel experimental water tank is used, comprising the following steps: (1) arranging the experimental standpipe; (2) constructing the water flow environment of the open channel experimental water tank; (3) ) arranging test instruments; (4) testing the velocity profile of the shear flow; (5) testing the vibration response of the flexible riser. The tank bottom slope, water flow rate, water depth, shear flow velocity profile, flexible standpipe material and size can be adjusted according to experimental needs. The invention realizes the non-intervention and non-interference vibration test of the flexible riser under the condition of the shear flow velocity profile by capturing the vibration displacement of the marking point on the flexible standpipe by two high-speed cameras.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于海洋立管涡激振动实验测试技术领域，具体涉及一种基于明渠实验水槽的悬挂柔性立管涡激振动测试方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of experimental testing of vortex-induced vibration of marine risers, and in particular relates to a test method for vortex-induced vibration of suspended flexible risers based on an open channel experimental water tank.
背景技术Background technique
2014年，我国石油对外依存度已达59.5％，如此大的能源缺口必然会对我国经济发展和国家安全产生重要的影响。为保障我国工农业生产的正常运转，捍卫我国的国防安全，就必须加大油气资源的开发力度。由于陆上油气资源衰竭迅速，为了提高采收率和增加油气产量，陆上油田企业被迫开采低渗和超低渗油田、边际油田、煤层气和页岩气等，但相关的开采技术还不够成熟，开采成本较高，未取得预期的回报。In 2014, my country's dependence on foreign oil has reached 59.5%. Such a large energy gap will inevitably have an important impact on my country's economic development and national security. In order to ensure the normal operation of my country's industrial and agricultural production and safeguard our country's national defense security, it is necessary to intensify the development of oil and gas resources. Due to the rapid depletion of onshore oil and gas resources, in order to improve recovery and increase oil and gas production, onshore oilfield companies are forced to exploit low-permeability and ultra-low-permeability oilfields, marginal oilfields, coalbed methane and shale gas, etc. It is not mature enough, the mining cost is high, and the expected return has not been achieved.
因此，我们不得不把目光转移到“蓝色国土”——海洋上。海上油气开采中必然涉及到海洋立管和悬跨输送管等管线，且随着开采水深的加大，这些管线的长度也在增加，使得它们的长径比越来越大，犹如一根头发丝悬挂在海水中，在海流的冲击下显得“弱不经风”。海洋立管处于海风、波浪和海流共同构成的海洋环境中，将面临风、浪、流多重载荷的诱导振动威胁，极易诱发疲劳损伤。Therefore, we have to turn our attention to the "blue land" - the ocean. Offshore oil and gas exploitation inevitably involves pipelines such as offshore risers and suspension pipelines, and as the depth of the mining water increases, the length of these pipelines also increases, making their length-to-diameter ratios larger and larger, like a hair The silk hangs in the sea water and appears "weak and windless" under the impact of the current. The marine riser is in the marine environment composed of sea wind, waves and currents, and will face the threat of induced vibration caused by multiple loads of wind, waves and currents, which can easily induce fatigue damage.
通过实验研究分析海洋立管的工作状态能够为现场提供参考，但直接以海洋立管原型进行实验研究，其成本极高，且具有极大的风险。现有的海洋立管涡激振动实验主要在循环水槽和模拟水池中进行，采用应变片、加速度传感器、位移传感器等测试立管的振动响应，但这些测试仪器均需安装在立管表面，势必改变立管周围的绕流流场，从而改变立管的振动响应，造成振动测试采集的数据存在一定的偏差。有些测试仪器还需接线通电，使得立管模型牵连了多根线缆，不仅影响立管的正常振动响应，还存在漏电隐患。因此，目前亟需一种成本低廉、安全稳定、对流场无干扰的立管涡激振动实验测试方法。Analyzing the working state of the marine riser through experimental research can provide a reference for the field, but directly conducting experimental research with the prototype of the marine riser is extremely costly and has great risks. Existing vortex-induced vibration experiments on marine risers are mainly carried out in circulating water tanks and simulated pools, using strain gauges, acceleration sensors, displacement sensors, etc. to test the vibration response of the riser, but these test instruments must be installed on the surface of the riser Changing the flow field around the standpipe will change the vibration response of the standpipe, resulting in a certain deviation in the data collected by the vibration test. Some test instruments also need to be wired and energized, which makes the riser model involve multiple cables, which not only affects the normal vibration response of the riser, but also has hidden dangers of electric leakage. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a low-cost, safe and stable test method for the vortex-induced vibration experiment of the riser that does not interfere with the flow field.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于明渠实验水槽的经济安全、非介入、无干扰的悬挂柔性立管涡激振动测试方法。The object of the present invention is to provide an economical, safe, non-intervention and non-interference test method for vortex-induced vibration of suspended flexible risers based on an open channel experimental water tank.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采取如下技术方案：一种基于明渠实验水槽的悬挂柔性立管涡激振动测试方法，该测试方法采用明渠实验水槽，包括如下操作步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for testing the vortex-induced vibration of a suspended flexible standpipe based on an open channel experimental water tank, the test method adopts an open channel experimental water tank, and includes the following steps:
步骤一：布置实验立管Step 1: Arrange the experimental riser
首先，在实验用柔性立管表面用油性记号笔标记尺寸大小相同的标记点。然后，将柔性立管布置在水槽中间实验段垂直纵向断面上，使柔性立管的凹面正对水流来向，柔性立管的一端通过固定吸盘吸附在水槽底部钢化玻璃上，并由立管封帽封住柔性立管端部管口；柔性立管的另一端与角度调节器相连，角度调节器固定在带升降杆件的水槽滑轨车上。根据柔性立管的总长度和实验要求的水深高度，为使柔性立管能够刚好全部浸没在水中，按照悬链线自由悬挂的理论公式和分别计算柔性立管的水平长度和顶部悬挂角，然后依据水平标尺推动水槽滑轨车，使得柔性立管水平长度达到要求，依据下游水深标尺调节水槽滑轨车的升降杆件，使得柔性立管的垂直高度等于水深高度，并调整角度调节器使得顶部悬挂角达到要求。First, mark points of the same size on the surface of the flexible riser used in the experiment with an oil-based marker pen. Then, arrange the flexible standpipe on the vertical longitudinal section of the test section in the middle of the tank, so that the concave surface of the flexible standpipe is facing the direction of the water flow, and one end of the flexible standpipe is adsorbed on the tempered glass at the bottom of the tank through a fixed suction cup, and sealed by the standpipe. The cap seals the nozzle at the end of the flexible standpipe; the other end of the flexible standpipe is connected with the angle adjuster, and the angle adjuster is fixed on the tank slide rail car with the lifting rod. According to the total length of the flexible riser and the water depth required by the experiment, in order to make the flexible riser just completely submerged in the water, according to the theoretical formula of the free suspension of the catenary with Calculate the horizontal length and top suspension angle of the flexible riser respectively, and then push the tank slide car according to the horizontal scale to make the horizontal length of the flexible riser meet the requirements, adjust the lifting rod of the tank slide car according to the downstream water depth scale, so that the flexible riser The vertical height is equal to the water depth, and the angle regulator is adjusted to make the top suspension angle meet the requirements.
其中：L为柔性立管总长度(m)，H为水深高度(m)，L0为柔性立管水平长度(m)，θ为顶部悬挂角(°)。Where: L is the total length of the flexible riser (m), H is the water depth (m), L 0 is the horizontal length of the flexible riser (m), and θ is the top suspension angle (°).
所述水槽由钢结构骨架和钢化玻璃壁面围成，其上游端与水库焊接成一体，水库与水槽连接处设有闸板。水槽下游端下方设液压升降支座。水槽纵向两侧壁上端设有滑轨，滑轨上安装有两台水槽滑轨车，一台水槽滑轨车上安装有可升降的杆件，杆件下端固定有角度调节器；另一台水槽滑轨车上安装有可升降的测速仪固定支架，测速仪固定支架为中空环抱结构。水槽中间实验段外侧壁垂向贴有上游、下游两条水深标尺，水槽中间实验段外侧壁上边缘贴有一条水平标尺。水槽下游端出口设堰板，堰板缺口形状为三角形，堰板升降由堰板升降机控制，通过限位滚轮使其在升降的过程中紧贴水槽，保持垂直升降。水槽堰板出口下方为蓄水池，蓄水池内布置有水泵，水泵出口通过供水管连接至水库内坐底整流孔板的上游。The water tank is surrounded by a steel frame and a toughened glass wall, its upstream end is welded into a reservoir, and a gate is provided at the connection between the reservoir and the water tank. A hydraulic lifting support is arranged below the downstream end of the water tank. There are slide rails on the upper ends of the longitudinal side walls of the water tank, and two tank slide rail cars are installed on the slide rails, one of which is equipped with a liftable rod, and the lower end of the rod is fixed with an angle adjuster; A liftable speedometer fixing bracket is installed on the water tank slide rail car, and the speedometer fixing bracket is a hollow surrounding structure. Two water depth scales, upstream and downstream, are vertically pasted on the outer wall of the middle test section of the water tank, and a horizontal scale is pasted on the upper edge of the outer wall of the middle test section of the water tank. A weir plate is installed at the outlet of the downstream end of the water tank, and the shape of the notch of the weir plate is triangular. Below the weir plate outlet of the water tank is a reservoir, and a water pump is arranged in the reservoir, and the outlet of the water pump is connected to the upstream of the bottom rectifying orifice plate in the reservoir through a water supply pipe.
所述水库由钢质板材焊接而成，水库内腔中间位置布有坐底整流孔板，水库下方设有带铰支座。The reservoir is welded by steel plates, a bottom rectifying orifice is arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the reservoir, and a hinged support is arranged below the reservoir.
步骤二：构造明渠实验水槽的水流环境Step 2: Construct the water flow environment of the open channel experimental tank
在水库内紧贴闸板的后方布置一填充框，并于其中放置钢丝球。调整水槽下游端下方的液压升降支座，使水槽底坡达到要求的坡度。将蓄水池中装满水后开启水泵，使蓄水池中的水通过供水管泵送至水库中，水流经坐底整流孔板整流后趋于稳定。然后，水流流过填充框后形成剪切流。改变水泵泵速和调节堰板高度，观察水深标尺，使得水槽中水位达到要求的稳定水深，并检查柔性立管是否刚好全部浸没于水中。A filling frame is arranged in the reservoir close to the rear of the ram, and steel wool balls are placed therein. Adjust the hydraulic lifting support below the downstream end of the water tank to make the bottom slope of the water tank reach the required slope. After the reservoir is filled with water, the water pump is turned on, so that the water in the reservoir is pumped to the reservoir through the water supply pipe, and the water flow tends to be stable after being rectified by the bottom rectifying orifice plate. Then, the water flows through the fill frame to form a shear flow. Change the pump speed and adjust the height of the weir plate, observe the water depth scale, make the water level in the tank reach the required stable water depth, and check whether the flexible standpipe is just completely submerged in the water.
步骤三：布置测试仪器Step 3: Arrange the test equipment
将声学多普勒测速仪通过测速仪固定支架的中空环抱结构安装在水槽滑轨车上，推动水槽滑轨车使其位于上游水深标尺处，以便测速时升降测速仪固定支架可进行高度参照。Install the Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter on the tank slide rail car through the hollow surrounding structure of the Velocimeter Fixing Bracket, and push the tank slide rail car to make it located at the upstream water depth scale, so that the height reference can be made by lifting the Velocimeter Fixing Bracket during speed measurement.
将仰视高速摄像机布置于水槽中间实验段底部柔性立管下侧，用于拍摄柔性立管的横向振动。将正视高速摄像机布置于水槽一侧正对柔性立管，用于拍摄柔性立管的纵向和垂向振动。仰视高速摄像机及正视高速摄像机连接有同步触发器，可由同步触发器触发进行同步拍摄。调节两台高速摄像机的景深和光圈，使它们均可捕捉柔性立管的全景并清晰辨认柔性立管上标记的所有标记点。An upward-looking high-speed camera was arranged on the lower side of the flexible riser at the bottom of the middle experimental section of the tank to photograph the lateral vibration of the flexible riser. Arrange the front-view high-speed camera on the side of the tank facing the flexible riser to photograph the longitudinal and vertical vibrations of the flexible riser. The looking up high-speed camera and the facing high-speed camera are connected with a synchronous trigger, which can be triggered by the synchronous trigger for synchronous shooting. The depth of field and aperture of the two high-speed cameras were adjusted so that they could both capture the panorama of the flexible riser and clearly identify all marker points marked on the flexible riser.
步骤四：测试剪切流的速度剖面Step 4: Test the Velocity Profile of Shear Flow
调整测速仪固定支架的高度，使声学多普勒测速仪测速点位于水槽底部，从水槽底部开始测量流速。然后，每隔2mm升高一次测速仪固定支架，使得声学多普勒测速仪可以测得对应水深的流速，直到测至水面，从而得到整个剪切流的速度剖面。Adjust the height of the speedometer fixing bracket so that the speed measurement point of the acoustic Doppler speedometer is at the bottom of the tank, and measure the flow velocity from the bottom of the tank. Then, the velocimeter fixing bracket is raised every 2mm, so that the acoustic Doppler velocimeter can measure the flow velocity corresponding to the water depth until it reaches the water surface, so as to obtain the velocity profile of the entire shear flow.
步骤五：测试柔性立管的振动响应Step Five: Test the Vibration Response of the Flexible Riser
启动仰视高速摄像机及正视高速摄像机同步拍摄柔性立管的振动图像，记录足够长的时间后停止拍摄。将拍摄得到的视频图像进行后处理分析，利用柔性立管标记点的实际长度与其在图像上所占的像素单元，可以将图像尺寸与实际尺寸关联。由于视频图像按时间序列保存，通过每帧图像上的柔性立管标记点中心位置的比对，可以得到标记点中心位置在整个时间段内位移随时间的变化情况。综合所有标记点的振动位移，可以得到整根柔性立管的振动位移随时间的变化情况，从而得到在一定剪切流速度剖面条件下柔性立管的振动响应规律。Start the upward-looking high-speed camera and the front-facing high-speed camera to capture the vibration images of the flexible riser synchronously, and stop shooting after recording for a long enough time. The captured video images are post-processed and analyzed, and the image size can be associated with the actual size by using the actual length of the flexible riser marking point and the pixel unit it occupies on the image. Since the video images are saved in time series, by comparing the central position of the flexible riser marking point on each frame of image, the displacement of the central position of the marking point changes with time during the entire time period. Combining the vibration displacements of all marked points, the change of the vibration displacement of the entire flexible riser with time can be obtained, so as to obtain the vibration response law of the flexible riser under a certain shear flow velocity profile.
本发明由于采用以上技术方案，具有以下优点：The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical scheme:
1、本发明的水槽流量和水深可以根据需要进行调节，能够制造不同来流速度的海流条件以满足不同工况下的悬挂柔性立管涡激振动测试；1. The flow rate and water depth of the water tank of the present invention can be adjusted as required, and ocean current conditions with different incoming flow velocities can be produced to meet the vortex-induced vibration test of the suspended flexible riser under different working conditions;
2、本发明的柔性立管材料及长度、直径可以根据需要选择，能够满足不同材质、不同尺寸的柔性立管涡激振动测试；2. The material, length and diameter of the flexible riser of the present invention can be selected according to needs, and can meet the vortex-induced vibration test of flexible risers of different materials and sizes;
3、本发明的水槽底坡可以调整，可满足不同角度正坡、负坡以及平坡的实验需求；3. The bottom slope of the water tank of the present invention can be adjusted to meet the experimental requirements of positive slope, negative slope and flat slope at different angles;
4、本发明填充框内填充的钢丝球高度可以根据需要改变，以满足制造不同的剪切流速度剖面；4. The height of the steel balls filled in the filling frame of the present invention can be changed according to needs, so as to meet the requirements of manufacturing different shear flow velocity profiles;
5、本发明柔性立管上的标记点可以根据需要调整数量及间距，从而更加准确的捕捉柔性立管被激发的振动模态；5. The number and spacing of the marking points on the flexible riser of the present invention can be adjusted according to needs, so as to more accurately capture the excited vibration mode of the flexible riser;
6、本发明采用非介入、无干扰的高速摄像捕捉标记点位移的方法，克服了应变片、加速度传感器及位移传感器等影响流场的振动测试缺陷。6. The present invention adopts a non-intervention, non-interference high-speed camera to capture the displacement of the marker point, which overcomes the vibration test defects that affect the flow field such as strain gauges, acceleration sensors, and displacement sensors.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实验布置正视图Fig. 1 is the front view of the experimental arrangement of the present invention
图2为本发明实验布置俯视图Fig. 2 is the top view of the experimental arrangement of the present invention
其中：1、水槽；2、蓄水池；3、水库；4、整流孔板；5、填充框；6、闸板；7、带铰支座；8、水深标尺；9、水平标尺；10、液压升降支座；11、堰板升降机；12、堰板；13、限位滚轮；14、水泵；15、供水管；16、水槽滑轨车；17、测速仪固定架；18、角度调节器；19、固定吸盘；20、立管封帽；21、柔性立管；22、标记点；23、声学多普勒测速仪；24、仰视高速摄像机；25、正视高速摄像机。Among them: 1. Sink; 2. Reservoir; 3. Reservoir; 4. Rectification orifice; 5. Filling frame; 6. Gate; 7. Hinged support; 8. Depth scale; 9. Horizontal scale; , hydraulic lifting support; 11, weir plate elevator; 12, weir plate; 13, limit roller; 14, water pump; 15, water supply pipe; 19, fixed suction cup; 20, riser cap; 21, flexible riser; 22, marking point; 23, acoustic Doppler velocimeter; 24, looking up at the high-speed camera;
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步描述。Specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，一种基于明渠实验水槽的悬挂柔性立管涡激振动测试方法，该测试方法采用明渠实验水槽，具体包括如下操作步骤：As shown in Figure 1, a test method for vortex-induced vibration of a suspended flexible standpipe based on an open channel experimental water tank, the test method uses an open channel experimental water tank, and specifically includes the following steps:
步骤一：布置实验立管Step 1: Arrange the experimental riser
首先，在实验用柔性立管21表面用油性记号笔标记尺寸大小相同的标记点22。然后，将柔性立管21布置在水槽1中间实验段垂直纵向断面上，使柔性立管21的凹面正对水流来向，柔性立管21的一端通过固定吸盘19吸附在水槽1底部钢化玻璃上，并由立管封帽20封住柔性立管21端部管口；柔性立管21的另一端与角度调节器18相连，角度调节器18固定在带升降杆件的水槽滑轨车16上。根据柔性立管21的总长度和实验要求的水深高度，为使柔性立管21能够刚好全部浸没在水中，按照悬链线自由悬挂的理论公式和分别计算柔性立管21的水平长度和顶部悬挂角，然后依据水平标尺9推动水槽滑轨车16，使得柔性立管21水平长度达到要求，依据下游水深标尺8调节水槽滑轨车16的升降杆件，使得柔性立管21的垂直高度等于水深高度，并调整角度调节器18使得顶部悬挂角达到要求。First, mark points 22 of the same size on the surface of the flexible standpipe 21 for the experiment with an oil-based marker pen. Then, the flexible riser 21 is arranged on the vertical longitudinal section of the middle test section of the water tank 1, so that the concave surface of the flexible riser 21 is facing the direction of the water flow, and one end of the flexible riser 21 is adsorbed on the tempered glass at the bottom of the water tank 1 by a fixed suction cup 19 , and the nozzle at the end of the flexible riser 21 is sealed by the standpipe cap 20; the other end of the flexible riser 21 is connected to the angle regulator 18, and the angle regulator 18 is fixed on the tank slide rail car 16 with a lifting rod . According to the total length of the flexible riser 21 and the water depth required by the experiment, in order to make the flexible riser 21 just completely submerged in water, according to the theoretical formula of catenary free suspension with Calculate the horizontal length and top suspension angle of the flexible riser 21 respectively, and then push the water tank slide rail car 16 according to the horizontal scale 9, so that the horizontal length of the flexible riser 21 meets the requirements, and adjust the lifting rod of the water tank slide rail car 16 according to the downstream water depth scale 8 parts, so that the vertical height of the flexible riser 21 is equal to the water depth, and the angle adjuster 18 is adjusted so that the top hanging angle reaches the requirement.
其中：L为柔性立管21总长度(m)，H为水深高度(m)，L0为柔性立管21水平长度(m)，θ为顶部悬挂角(°)。Where: L is the total length (m) of the flexible riser 21, H is the water depth (m), L0 is the horizontal length (m) of the flexible riser 21, and θ is the top suspension angle (°).
所述水槽1由钢结构骨架和钢化玻璃壁面围成，其上游端与水库3焊接成一体，水库3与水槽1连接处设有闸板6。水槽1下游端下方设液压升降支座10。水槽1纵向两侧壁上端设有滑轨，滑轨上安装有两台水槽滑轨车16，一台水槽滑轨车16上安装有可升降的杆件，杆件下端固定有角度调节器18；另一台水槽滑轨车16上安装有可升降的测速仪固定支架17，测速仪固定支架17为中空环抱结构。水槽1中间实验段外侧壁垂向贴有上游、下游两条水深标尺8，水槽1中间实验段外侧壁上边缘贴有一条水平标尺9。水槽1下游端出口设堰板12，堰板12缺口形状为三角形，堰板12升降由堰板升降机11控制，通过限位滚轮13使其在升降的过程中紧贴水槽1，保持垂直升降。水槽1堰板12出口下方为蓄水池2，蓄水池2内布置有水泵14，水泵14出口通过供水管15连接至水库3内坐底整流孔板4的上游。The water tank 1 is surrounded by a steel structure frame and a toughened glass wall, and its upstream end is welded together with the reservoir 3 , and a gate 6 is provided at the connection between the reservoir 3 and the water tank 1 . A hydraulic lifting support 10 is arranged below the downstream end of the water tank 1 . The upper ends of the vertical side walls of the water tank 1 are provided with slide rails, two tank slide rail cars 16 are installed on the slide rails, and a liftable rod is installed on one water tank slide rail car 16, and an angle regulator 18 is fixed on the lower end of the rod ; Another tank slide rail car 16 is equipped with a liftable speedometer fixed bracket 17, and the speedometer fixed bracket 17 is a hollow embracing structure. Two water depth scales 8, upstream and downstream, are vertically attached to the outer wall of the middle test section of the water tank 1, and a horizontal scale 9 is pasted on the upper edge of the outer wall of the middle test section of the water tank 1. A weir plate 12 is arranged at the outlet of the downstream end of the water tank 1, and the shape of the gap of the weir plate 12 is triangular. Below the outlet of the weir plate 12 of the water tank 1 is a reservoir 2, and a water pump 14 is arranged in the reservoir 2, and the outlet of the water pump 14 is connected to the upstream of the bottom rectifying orifice plate 4 in the reservoir 3 through a water supply pipe 15.
所述水库3由钢质板材焊接而成，水库3内腔中间位置布有坐底整流孔板4，水库3下方设有带铰支座7。The reservoir 3 is welded by steel plates, the bottom rectification orifice 4 is arranged in the middle of the cavity of the reservoir 3 , and a hinged support 7 is arranged below the reservoir 3 .
步骤二：构造明渠实验水槽的水流环境Step 2: Construct the water flow environment of the open channel experimental tank
在水库3内紧贴闸板6的后方布置一填充框5，并于其中放置钢丝球。调整水槽1下游端下方的液压升降支座10，使水槽1底坡达到要求的坡度。将蓄水池2中装满水后开启水泵14，使蓄水池2中的水通过供水管15泵送至水库3中，水流经坐底整流孔板4整流后趋于稳定。然后，水流流过填充框5后形成剪切流。改变水泵14泵速和调节堰板12高度，观察水深标尺8，使得水槽1中水位达到要求的稳定水深，并检查柔性立管21是否刚好全部浸没于水中。A filling frame 5 is arranged close to the rear of the gate 6 in the reservoir 3, and steel wool balls are placed therein. Adjust the hydraulic lifting support 10 below the downstream end of the water tank 1 to make the bottom slope of the water tank 1 reach the required slope. After the reservoir 2 is filled with water, the water pump 14 is turned on, so that the water in the reservoir 2 is pumped to the reservoir 3 through the water supply pipe 15, and the water flow tends to be stable after being rectified by the rectifying orifice plate 4 on the bottom. Then, the water flows through the filling frame 5 to form a shear flow. Change the pump speed of the water pump 14 and adjust the height of the weir plate 12, observe the water depth scale 8, make the water level in the tank 1 reach the required stable water depth, and check whether the flexible standpipe 21 is just completely submerged in the water.
步骤三：布置测试仪器Step 3: Arrange the test equipment
将声学多普勒测速仪23通过测速仪固定支架17的中空环抱结构安装在水槽滑轨车16上，推动水槽滑轨车16使其位于上游水深标尺8处，以便测速时升降测速仪固定支架17可进行高度参照。Install the Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter 23 on the water tank slide rail car 16 through the hollow surrounding structure of the Velocimeter Fixing Bracket 17, and push the water tank slide rail car 16 to be located at the upstream water depth scale 8, so as to lift the Velocimeter Fixing Bracket during speed measurement 17 for height reference.
将仰视高速摄像机24布置于水槽1中间实验段底部柔性立管21下侧，用于拍摄柔性立管21的横向振动。将正视高速摄像机25布置于水槽1一侧正对柔性立管21，用于拍摄柔性立管21的纵向和垂向振动。仰视高速摄像机24及正视高速摄像机25连接有同步触发器，可由同步触发器触发进行同步拍摄。调节两台高速摄像机的景深和光圈，使它们均可捕捉柔性立管21的全景并清晰辨认柔性立管21上标记的所有标记点22。An upward-looking high-speed camera 24 is arranged on the lower side of the flexible riser 21 at the bottom of the test section in the middle of the water tank 1 to photograph the lateral vibration of the flexible riser 21 . A front-facing high-speed camera 25 is arranged on one side of the water tank 1 facing the flexible riser 21 for photographing the longitudinal and vertical vibrations of the flexible riser 21 . Looking up the high-speed camera 24 and facing the high-speed camera 25 are connected with a synchronous trigger, which can be triggered by the synchronous trigger for synchronous shooting. The depth of field and the aperture of the two high-speed cameras are adjusted so that they can both capture the panorama of the flexible riser 21 and clearly identify all the marking points 22 marked on the flexible riser 21 .
步骤四：测试剪切流的速度剖面Step 4: Test the Velocity Profile of Shear Flow
调整测速仪固定支架17的高度，使声学多普勒测速仪23测速点位于水槽1底部，从水槽1底部开始测量流速。然后，每隔2mm升高一次测速仪固定支架17，使得声学多普勒测速仪23可以测得对应水深的流速，直到测至水面，从而得到整个剪切流的速度剖面。Adjust the height of the velocimeter fixing bracket 17 so that the velocity measurement point of the acoustic Doppler velocimeter 23 is located at the bottom of the water tank 1 , and measure the flow velocity from the bottom of the water tank 1 . Then, the velocimeter fixing bracket 17 is raised every 2 mm, so that the acoustic Doppler velocimeter 23 can measure the flow velocity corresponding to the water depth until it reaches the water surface, thereby obtaining the velocity profile of the entire shear flow.
步骤五：测试柔性立管的振动响应Step Five: Test the Vibration Response of the Flexible Riser
启动仰视高速摄像机24及正视高速摄像机25同步拍摄柔性立管21的振动图像，记录足够长的时间后停止拍摄。将拍摄得到的视频图像进行后处理分析，利用柔性立管21标记点22的实际长度与其在图像上所占的像素单元，可以将图像尺寸与实际尺寸关联。由于视频图像按时间序列保存，通过每帧图像上的柔性立管21标记点22中心位置的比对，可以得到标记点22中心位置在整个时间段内位移随时间的变化情况。综合所有标记点22的振动位移，可以得到整根柔性立管21的振动位移随时间的变化情况，从而得到在一定剪切流速度剖面条件下柔性立管21的振动响应规律。Start the high-speed camera 24 looking up and the high-speed camera 25 facing up to take the vibration image of the flexible riser 21 synchronously, and stop shooting after recording for a long enough time. The captured video images are post-processed and analyzed, and the image size can be associated with the actual size by using the actual length of the marking point 22 of the flexible riser 21 and the pixel unit it occupies on the image. Since the video images are saved in time series, by comparing the central position of the marked point 22 of the flexible riser 21 on each frame of the image, the displacement of the central position of the marked point 22 over the entire time period can be obtained. Combining the vibration displacements of all the marked points 22, the change of the vibration displacement of the entire flexible riser 21 with time can be obtained, so as to obtain the vibration response law of the flexible riser 21 under a certain shear flow velocity profile.
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