CN105145852A - Method for improving flavor of bacillus natto fermented whole-soybean milk - Google Patents
Method for improving flavor of bacillus natto fermented whole-soybean milk Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
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技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种改善纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵全豆豆乳风味的方法,属于发酵豆制品加工技术领域。The invention relates to a method for improving the flavor of whole soybean milk fermented by Bacillus natto, belonging to the technical field of fermented soybean products processing.
背景技术Background technique
中国是大豆的故乡,种植和食用大豆已有5000多年的历史,其中传统加工而成的豆制品。最早可追溯到2000多年前。我国每年用于传统豆制品加工的大豆占食品工业消耗大豆数量的半壁江山,约为400万吨。近年来,大豆制品能够降低心血管病发病率,降血压、降血脂、抗癌等功能性得到越来越多的证实,全球范围内掀起了消费大豆制品的热潮。然而,目前各种大豆制品在加工过程中均会产生或多或少的豆渣副产物。如加工大豆分离蛋白会产生约30%~35%的豆渣;加工豆腐、豆浆会产生约50%的豆渣。所以我国每年豆渣的产量约有几千万吨。虽然豆渣是良好的膳食纤维原料,具有很高的营养价值,其中含有约50%的纤维、20%的蛋白质、10%的油脂。但目前豆渣的利用率较低,传统的利用方式是将豆渣作为动物饲料,直接喂养动物。甚至被当做废弃物,直接焚烧。因此,豆渣是一种尚未被充分利用的宝贵资源。China is the hometown of soybeans, which have a history of more than 5,000 years of planting and eating soybeans, among which soybean products are traditionally processed. The earliest can be traced back to more than 2000 years ago. The soybeans used in the processing of traditional soybean products in my country account for half of the soybeans consumed by the food industry every year, about 4 million tons. In recent years, soybean products can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease, lower blood pressure, lower blood lipids, anti-cancer and other functions have been more and more confirmed, and the consumption of soybean products has set off a global upsurge. However, at present, various soybean products will produce more or less bean dregs by-products in the process of processing. For example, processing soybean protein isolate will produce about 30% to 35% okara; processing tofu and soymilk will produce about 50% okara. Therefore, the annual output of bean dregs in my country is about tens of millions of tons. Although okara is a good dietary fiber raw material and has high nutritional value, it contains about 50% fiber, 20% protein, and 10% fat. However, the utilization rate of bean dregs is low at present, and the traditional utilization method is to use bean dregs as animal feed and directly feed animals. It is even treated as waste and directly incinerated. Therefore, okara is a precious resource that has not been fully utilized.
纳豆是由黄豆通过纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵制成的豆制品,不仅保有黄豆的营养价值,含有丰富的蛋白质、维生素等,更重要的是发酵过程产生了多种生理活性物质,溶解体内纤维蛋白及其他调节生理机能的保健作用。但纳豆会产生氨嗅味,气味较臭,大多数人难以接受,故纳豆在我国的消费情况低于其传统消费国日本。而且传统纳豆使用的是固态发酵技术,工业生产对场地面积要求大,且发酵周期长。Natto is a soy product made from soybeans fermented by Bacillus natto. It not only retains the nutritional value of soybeans, but also contains rich protein and vitamins. More importantly, the fermentation process produces a variety of physiologically active substances that dissolve fibrin in the body And other health effects of regulating physiological functions. However, natto will produce ammonia smell, which is stinky, and most people find it difficult to accept it. Therefore, the consumption of natto in my country is lower than that in Japan, a traditional consumer country. Moreover, traditional natto uses solid-state fermentation technology, and industrial production requires a large site area and a long fermentation cycle.
因此,开发一款风味良好、加工工艺简单、价格低廉的富含纳豆激酶的产品,市场前景广阔,有利于纳豆这一健康食品的推广。Therefore, the development of a product rich in nattokinase with good flavor, simple processing technology and low price has a broad market prospect and is conducive to the promotion of natto, a healthy food.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述问题,本发明开发了一种风味良好、加工工艺简单、价格低廉的风味型全豆豆乳。本发明是以整粒大豆为原料制备全豆豆乳,对大豆进行全利用,避免了对环境的污染;同时采用液体发酵技术易于工业化生产,基本无副产物产生;利用乳酸菌可以在豆乳中产酸产香的能力,可以有效改善纳豆发酵豆乳的风味;通过采用分开发酵的方法,有利于发酵条件的控制,并通过控制乳酸菌发酵豆乳和纳豆发酵豆乳的调配比例,较为容易控制体系的pH,有效地保证了全豆豆乳产品的风味及产品稳定性。In order to overcome the above problems, the present invention develops a flavor type whole soybean soy milk with good flavor, simple processing technology and low price. The present invention uses whole soybeans as raw material to prepare whole soybean soymilk, fully utilizes soybeans, and avoids environmental pollution; at the same time, it adopts liquid fermentation technology to facilitate industrial production, and basically no by-products are produced; lactic acid bacteria can be used to produce acid in soybean milk. The aroma ability can effectively improve the flavor of natto fermented soymilk; by adopting the method of separate fermentation, it is beneficial to control the fermentation conditions, and by controlling the blending ratio of lactic acid bacteria fermented soymilk and natto fermented soymilk, it is easier to control the pH of the system, Effectively guarantee the flavor and product stability of the whole soy milk product.
本发明提供了一种改善纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵全豆豆乳风味的方法,利用整粒大豆、生产过程中无豆渣产生、通过将纳豆芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌分开接种全豆豆浆发酵再调配的方法,得到富含纳豆激酶、风味良好的风味型全豆豆乳。The invention provides a method for improving the flavor of whole soybean milk fermented by Bacillus natto, using whole soybeans, no bean dregs in the production process, and separately inoculating Bacillus natto and lactic acid bacteria into whole soybean milk for fermentation and then preparing the method. Flavored whole soybean soymilk rich in nattokinase and good in flavor is obtained.
所述方法包括:以大豆为原料,经选料、浸泡、热烫、粗粉碎、超细粉碎、高压均质工艺制备全豆豆浆,将纳豆芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌分开接种至杀菌并冷却后的全豆豆浆中,于35~43℃进行发酵,然后将纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵豆乳和乳酸菌发酵豆乳按体积比1:10-10:1的比例混合、调制,制得风味型全豆豆乳。The method comprises: using soybeans as raw materials, preparing whole soybean milk through material selection, soaking, blanching, coarse crushing, ultrafine crushing, and high-pressure homogenization; The whole soybean soymilk is fermented at 35-43°C, then the Bacillus natto fermented soymilk and the lactic acid bacteria fermented soymilk are mixed and prepared at a volume ratio of 1:10-10:1 to obtain flavored whole soymilk.
所述浸泡,在本发明的一种实施方式中,是将大豆浸泡在2~4倍体积的水中,在25℃下浸泡10~20小时。The soaking, in one embodiment of the present invention, is soaking soybeans in 2-4 times the volume of water at 25° C. for 10-20 hours.
所述热烫,在本发明的一种实施方式中,是用80~100℃热水热烫1~10分钟,清洗并沥干水分。The blanching, in one embodiment of the present invention, is blanching with 80-100°C hot water for 1-10 minutes, followed by washing and draining.
所述粗粉碎,在本发明的一种实施方式中,是在2000~8000rpm处理2~10分钟。In one embodiment of the present invention, the coarse pulverization is performed at 2000-8000 rpm for 2-10 minutes.
所述粗粉碎,在本发明的一种实施方式中,是按照原料大豆(即干豆)与水的质量比为1︰5~1︰15的比例添加水,进行粗粉碎。The coarse crushing, in one embodiment of the present invention, is carried out by adding water according to the mass ratio of raw soybeans (ie dry beans) to water in a ratio of 1:5 to 1:15 for coarse crushing.
所述超细粉碎,在本发明的一种实施方式中,是采用逐级超细粉碎,在10000~40000rpm处理2~5次。The ultrafine pulverization, in one embodiment of the present invention, adopts stepwise ultrafine pulverization, and processes 2 to 5 times at 10000-40000 rpm.
所述高压均质,在本发明的一种实施方式中,是在压力20MPa~60MPa处理1~5遍,至浆料平均粒径30~50μm。In one embodiment of the present invention, the high-pressure homogenization is performed at a pressure of 20 MPa to 60 MPa for 1 to 5 times until the average particle size of the slurry is 30 to 50 μm.
所述杀菌,在本发明的一种实施方式中,是于85~115℃保温5~30分钟。The sterilization, in one embodiment of the present invention, is carried out at 85-115° C. for 5-30 minutes.
所述冷却,在本发明的一种实施方式中,是冷却至20~45℃。The cooling, in one embodiment of the present invention, is cooling to 20-45°C.
所述接种,在本发明的一种实施方式中,是按0.5-4%(v/v)的接种量接种纳豆芽孢杆菌或者乳酸菌菌液到冷却后的全豆豆浆中。其中菌液中菌体浓度在106-108cfu/mL左右。The inoculation, in one embodiment of the present invention, is to inoculate Bacillus natto or lactic acid bacteria liquid into the cooled whole bean soybean milk according to the inoculum amount of 0.5-4% (v/v). The bacterial cell concentration in the bacterial liquid is about 10 6 -10 8 cfu/mL.
所述菌液,在本发明的一种实施方式中,可以是菌体的冻干粉溶解于无菌生理盐水中;也可以是用LB肉汤培养基、MRS肉汤培养基等培养纳豆芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌,离心收集菌泥,用无菌生理盐水洗涤,并调整至合适浓度。The bacterium liquid, in one embodiment of the present invention, can be that the lyophilized powder of thalline is dissolved in sterile saline; It can also be that natto is cultivated with LB broth medium, MRS broth medium, etc. For Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria, the sludge was collected by centrifugation, washed with sterile saline, and adjusted to an appropriate concentration.
所述纳豆芽孢杆菌的发酵,在本发明的一种实施方式中,是采用通风发酵,通入无菌空气(无菌空气通风比1:0.2~1:0.7)或机械搅拌(转速150rpm~500rpm),在35-38℃发酵培养14-36h。纳豆激酶酶活可达500-1500U/ml。The fermentation of the Bacillus natto, in one embodiment of the present invention, adopts ventilated fermentation, feeds sterile air (sterile air ventilation ratio 1:0.2~1:0.7) or mechanical stirring (rotating speed 150rpm~ 500rpm), ferment and cultivate at 35-38°C for 14-36h. Nattokinase activity can reach 500-1500U/ml.
所述乳酸菌的发酵,在本发明的一种实施方式中,是在38-43℃直接静置培养至滴定酸度40-65°T。发酵4~12h即可。In one embodiment of the present invention, the fermentation of the lactic acid bacteria is directly cultured statically at 38-43°C until the titrated acidity is 40-65°T. Ferment for 4 to 12 hours.
所述乳酸菌,在本发明的一种实施方式中,可以是双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌等可用于食品的任一一种乳酸菌或者两种以上乳酸菌的混合。In one embodiment of the present invention, the lactic acid bacteria can be any one of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, etc. that can be used in food, or a mixture of two or more lactic acid bacteria.
所述调制,在本发明的一种实施方式中,是冷却至15~25℃,将纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵豆乳、乳酸菌发酵豆乳按比例混合后,加入已灭菌的甜味剂、增稠剂混匀,无菌均质。In one embodiment of the present invention, the preparation is to cool to 15-25°C, mix the fermented soybean milk with Bacillus natto and the fermented soybean milk with lactic acid bacteria in proportion, then add sterilized sweetener and thickener Mix well, sterile homogeneous.
所述方法,还包括调制后的灌装步骤。The method also includes a filling step after preparation.
所述方法,在本发明的一种实施方式中,具体是:The method, in one embodiment of the present invention, is specifically:
(1)选料:除尘、除砂粒,并挑除霉坏大豆;(1) Material selection: dust removal, sand removal, and picking out moldy soybeans;
(2)浸泡:将大豆浸泡在2~3倍体积的水中,在25℃下浸泡10~20小时;(2) Soaking: Soak the soybeans in 2 to 3 times the volume of water for 10 to 20 hours at 25°C;
(3)热烫:80~100℃热水热烫1~10分钟,清洗并沥干水分;(3) Blanch: scald with hot water at 80-100°C for 1-10 minutes, wash and drain;
(4)粗粉碎:转速2000~8000转/分钟,2~10分钟;(4) Coarse crushing: speed 2000-8000 rpm, 2-10 minutes;
(5)超细粉碎:采用逐级超细粉碎,转速10000~40000转/分钟,2~5次;(5) Ultra-fine crushing: adopt step-by-step ultra-fine crushing, the speed is 10000-40000 rpm, 2-5 times;
(6)高压均质:压力20MPa~60MPa,1~5遍,浆料平均粒径30~50μm;(6) High pressure homogenization: pressure 20MPa ~ 60MPa, 1 ~ 5 times, the average particle size of the slurry is 30 ~ 50μm;
(7)杀菌:将经高压均质工序后的全豆豆浆置于发酵罐中于85~115℃保温5~30分钟;(7) Sterilization: place the whole bean soymilk after the high-pressure homogenization process in a fermenter at 85-115° C. for 5-30 minutes;
(8)冷却:通冷凝水,冷却至20~45℃;(8) Cooling: pass condensed water and cool to 20-45°C;
(9)接种:分开接种纳豆芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌至含有全豆豆浆的发酵罐中,搅拌均匀;(9) Inoculation: Separately inoculate Bacillus natto and lactic acid bacteria into a fermenter containing whole soybean milk, stir evenly;
(10)发酵:纳豆芽孢杆菌采用通风发酵,35~43℃发酵培养14-36h;乳酸菌的发酵是直接35~43℃静置培养至滴定酸度40-65°T;(10) Fermentation: Bacillus natto adopts ventilated fermentation, 35~43 ℃ of fermentation culture 14-36h; The fermentation of lactic acid bacteria is directly 35~43 ℃ static culture to titration acidity 40-65 ℃;
(11)混合、调制:冷却至15~25℃,将上述纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵豆乳和乳酸菌发酵豆乳按照10:1~1:10体积比混合,加入已灭菌的甜味剂、增稠剂等,混匀后无菌均质;(11) Mixing and preparation: cool to 15-25°C, mix the above-mentioned Bacillus natto-fermented soymilk and lactic acid bacteria-fermented soymilk at a volume ratio of 10:1-1:10, add sterilized sweetener and thickener Etc., sterile homogenization after mixing;
(12)灌装:低温灌装,3-6℃。(12) Filling: Low temperature filling, 3-6°C.
其中,所述甜味剂包括木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、三氯蔗糖、甜菊糖(0.0006~0.06%)等不产生热量的功能性甜味剂,可以选用其中的一种或者多种复配,添加量可以是0.01%-3%。Wherein, the sweetener includes xylitol, maltitol, sucralose, stevioside (0.0006-0.06%) and other functional sweeteners that do not produce calories, and one or more of them can be selected for compounding. The amount added can be 0.01%-3%.
所述增稠剂可以是黄原胶(0.02~0.03%)、卡拉胶(0.1~2%)、海藻酸钠(0.2~1%)中的一种或者多种复配。The thickener can be one or more compounds of xanthan gum (0.02-0.03%), carrageenan (0.1-2%) and sodium alginate (0.2-1%).
本发明的有益效果:Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1)本发明以整粒大豆为原料,采用粗粉碎、超细粉碎和高压均质三步法制备全豆豆浆,使营养成分得到充分释放,为乳酸菌和纳豆芽孢杆菌的发酵提供了良好的营养环境,促进了菌株的生长以及纳豆激酶等功能性成分、双乙酰/己醛等风味物质的积累,通过混合调配,保证了全豆豆乳的功能性因子并改善了纳豆豆乳的风味。(1) The present invention uses whole grain soybean as raw material, and adopts the three-step method of coarse crushing, superfine crushing and high-pressure homogenization to prepare whole soybean soymilk, so that the nutritional components are fully released, and good fermentation conditions are provided for the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus natto The nutritional environment promotes the growth of strains and the accumulation of functional components such as nattokinase and flavor substances such as diacetyl/hexanal. Through mixing and deployment, the functional factors of whole soybean milk are guaranteed and the flavor of natto soybean milk is improved. .
(2)通过控制粗粉碎时豆水比,避免了加水过多会使得微生物发酵时营养物质不足、产品稳定性不足,同时也避免了加水过少导致的降低粗粉碎效率、加大后续超细粉碎负荷和导致的浆料粘度太大难以进行后续高压均质工序;热烫处理有利于软化大豆粗纤维、热失活脂肪氧合酶、减少豆腥味;通过杀菌为发酵菌种创造了适合无菌环境,引起豆乳中蛋白质理化结构发生变化,释放了胨类和巯基组有机物,给发酵菌种的生长提供了营养,蛋白质的适度失活和凝固,提高了豆乳的粘稠度和质地均一性,产生了凝结成胶体状的豆乳;冷却至合适温度再接种,避免了温度过高导致的初始活菌数降低和温度过低导致的后续能耗增加;调制时先冷却,降低了发酵菌种的代谢活动,有利于控制产品酸度,调制保证了口感和体系的稳定性。(2) By controlling the ratio of soybeans to water during coarse crushing, it is avoided that too much water will cause insufficient nutrients and product stability during microbial fermentation, and it also avoids the reduction of coarse crushing efficiency caused by too little water and the increase of subsequent ultra-fine The crushing load and the resulting slurry viscosity are too high to carry out the subsequent high-pressure homogenization process; blanching treatment is beneficial to soften soybean crude fiber, heat inactivate lipoxygenase, and reduce beany odor; Sterile environment causes changes in the physical and chemical structure of protein in soymilk, releases peptones and sulfhydryl group organic matter, provides nutrients for the growth of fermentation bacteria, moderate inactivation and coagulation of protein, and improves the viscosity and uniform texture of soymilk Soymilk that coagulates into a colloid is produced; cooling to an appropriate temperature before inoculation avoids the reduction of the initial viable bacteria count caused by too high temperature and the subsequent increase in energy consumption caused by too low temperature; cooling before preparation reduces the fermentation bacteria The metabolic activities of the species are beneficial to control the acidity of the product, and the modulation ensures the taste and the stability of the system.
(3)本发明方法克服了传统纳豆产品风味不佳而难以推广、发酵过程不易控制的问题,实现了全豆的有效利用,无豆渣产生,可减轻对环境的污染,提高大豆产品的附加价值;同时采用液态发酵,发酵方法简便、过程可控,可实现工业化生产;双菌分开发酵后再混合,可以在有效提高酶活的基础上获得较好的风味,同时通风条件、发酵终点易于控制,产品的纳豆激酶酶活稳定性提高。按本发明方法制备得到的风味型全豆豆乳,富含纳豆激酶、风味良好,大豆中的棉籽糖、水苏糖等胀气因子得到消除,营养价值高。(3) The method of the present invention overcomes the problems that traditional natto products have poor flavor and are difficult to popularize, and the fermentation process is difficult to control, realizes the effective utilization of whole beans, does not produce bean dregs, can reduce environmental pollution, and increase the added value of soybean products. Value; at the same time, liquid fermentation is adopted, the fermentation method is simple, the process is controllable, and industrial production can be realized; the two bacteria are separated and fermented and then mixed, which can obtain a better flavor on the basis of effectively increasing the enzyme activity. At the same time, the ventilation conditions and the fermentation end point are easy control, the stability of the nattokinase enzyme activity of the product is improved. The flavor type whole soybean soymilk prepared by the method of the invention is rich in nattokinase and has good flavor, the flatulence factors such as raffinose and stachyose in soybeans are eliminated, and the nutritional value is high.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1:按以下方法生产风味型全豆豆乳Embodiment 1: produce flavor type whole bean soymilk according to the following method
利用纳豆芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌分开发酵再调配的方法制备富含纳豆激酶、风味良好的全豆豆乳,采用以下工艺步骤:The whole soy milk rich in nattokinase and good in flavor is prepared by using the method of separate fermentation and deployment of Bacillus natto and Lactobacillus plantarum, and the following process steps are adopted:
称取100克精选国产优质高蛋白大豆,风选除杂,加入2倍体积的水在25℃下浸泡10小时,以便后续大豆粉碎和营养物质的溶出,清洗并挑除其中的浸泡不完全表皮褶皱的硬实豆和砂粒等固体杂质,沥干水分,用90℃热水热烫处理5分钟,再沥干水分,加15倍水,用粗粉碎机以5000转/分钟的转速处理4分钟,再进入超细粉碎机以20000转/分钟的转速逐级处理3次,然后用高压均质机以40MPa的压力处理3遍得到浆料平均粒径30μm的全豆豆浆,注入发酵罐中,杀菌条件:115℃,5分钟。通冷凝水,使罐内豆乳冷却至40℃。用无菌生理盐水调整初始菌种的浓度,分别接入冷却的全豆豆浆中,分开发酵。纳豆芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌的初始菌数分别为1×107cfu/ml、6×107cfu/ml。纳豆芽孢杆菌的发酵条件,37℃,进行通风,无菌空气通风比1:0.2,经过14h后酶活达到2000U/ml,停止发酵。植物乳杆菌发酵条件,40℃,静置,控制终点为滴定酸度55°T。双菌分别发酵得到的纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵豆乳和乳酸菌发酵豆乳,分别通冷凝水,冷却至20℃。纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵豆乳和植物乳杆菌发酵豆乳按2:1的比例混合,再加入已灭菌中的增稠剂、甜味剂。所选甜味剂为木糖醇和麦芽糖醇按1:1比例复配,总用量为2.5%。所选的增稠剂为结冷胶、卡拉胶和海藻酸钠复配。无菌均质,冷却至4℃,无菌灌装,得到成品。Weigh 100 grams of domestically selected high-quality high-protein soybeans, air-select to remove impurities, add 2 times the volume of water and soak for 10 hours at 25°C to facilitate the subsequent crushing of soybeans and the dissolution of nutrients, wash and pick out the incomplete soaking For solid impurities such as hard beans and sand grains with wrinkled skin, drain the water, scald it with 90°C hot water for 5 minutes, then drain the water, add 15 times the water, and process it with a coarse grinder at a speed of 5000 rpm for 4 minutes , and then enter the superfine pulverizer to process step by step at a speed of 20,000 rpm for 3 times, and then use a high-pressure homogenizer to process 3 times at a pressure of 40 MPa to obtain whole soybean milk with an average particle size of the slurry of 30 μm, which is injected into the fermenter. Sterilization conditions: 115°C, 5 minutes. Pass condensed water to cool the soymilk in the tank to 40°C. The concentration of the initial bacteria is adjusted with sterile physiological saline, respectively inserted into the cooled whole bean soymilk, and fermented separately. The initial bacterial counts of Bacillus natto and Lactobacillus plantarum were 1×10 7 cfu/ml and 6×10 7 cfu/ml, respectively. The fermentation condition of Bacillus natto is 37°C, ventilation, sterile air ventilation ratio 1:0.2, after 14 hours, the enzyme activity reaches 2000U/ml, and the fermentation is stopped. The fermentation condition of Lactobacillus plantarum is 40°C, standing still, and the control end point is titrated acidity 55°T. Bacillus natto fermented soymilk and lactic acid bacteria fermented soymilk obtained by double bacteria fermentation respectively, passed through condensed water respectively, and cooled to 20°C. Bacillus natto fermented soymilk and Lactobacillus plantarum fermented soymilk are mixed at a ratio of 2:1, and then sterilized thickener and sweetener are added. The selected sweetener is compounded with xylitol and maltitol in a ratio of 1:1, and the total dosage is 2.5%. The thickener selected is the compound of gellan gum, carrageenan and sodium alginate. Aseptically homogenize, cool to 4°C, and aseptically fill to obtain a finished product.
实施例2:按以下方法生产风味型全豆豆乳Embodiment 2: produce flavor type whole bean soymilk according to the following method
利用纳豆芽孢杆菌和实验室保存的酸奶发酵剂(嗜热链球、保加利亚乳杆菌)分开发酵再调配的方法制备富含纳豆激酶、风味良好的全豆豆乳,采用以下工艺步骤:Utilize Bacillus natto and the yogurt starter (thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus) preserved in the laboratory to separately ferment and then prepare the whole soybean milk rich in nattokinase and good in flavor, adopt the following process steps:
称取100克精选国产优质高蛋白大豆,风选除杂,加入4倍体积的水在25℃下浸泡20小时,清洗并再次除杂后沥干水分,用80℃热水热烫处理10分钟,再沥干水分,加5倍水,用粗粉碎机以8000转/分钟的转速处理2分钟,再进入超细粉碎机以10000转/分钟的转速逐级处理5次,然后用高压均质机以20MPa的压力处理5遍得到浆料平均粒径40μm的全豆豆浆,注入发酵罐中,杀菌条件:85℃,30分钟。通冷凝水,使罐内全豆豆浆冷却至25℃。纳豆芽孢杆菌、酸奶发酵剂按1:1的比例分开接入冷却的全豆豆浆中发酵。纳豆芽孢杆菌的发酵条件,35℃,机械搅拌通风,转速200rpm,经过20h后酶活达到1050U/ml,停止发酵。酸奶发酵剂发酵条件,43℃,静置,控制终点为滴定酸度65°T。双菌分别发酵的全豆豆乳,分别通冷凝水,冷却至15℃。纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵的豆乳和酸奶发酵剂发酵的豆乳按8:1的比例混合,再加入已灭菌中的增稠剂、甜味剂。所选甜味剂为三氯蔗糖,用量为0.01%。所选的增稠剂为黄原胶、卡拉胶复配。无菌均质,冷却至4℃,无菌灌装,得到成品。Weigh 100 grams of selected domestic high-quality high-protein soybeans, winnow and remove impurities, add 4 times the volume of water and soak at 25°C for 20 hours, wash and remove impurities again, drain the water, and scald with 80°C hot water for 10 hours. Minutes, then drain the water, add 5 times of water, process it with a coarse pulverizer at a speed of 8000 rpm for 2 minutes, then enter an ultrafine pulverizer at a speed of 10000 rpm and process it step by step for 5 times, and then use a high pressure uniform The quality machine was treated 5 times with a pressure of 20 MPa to obtain whole soybean milk with an average particle size of 40 μm, which was poured into a fermenter, and the sterilization conditions were: 85°C for 30 minutes. Pass condensed water to cool the whole soybean milk in the tank to 25°C. Bacillus natto and yogurt starter are separately added to the cooled whole soybean milk for fermentation in a ratio of 1:1. The fermentation condition of Bacillus natto is 35° C., mechanical agitation and ventilation, and the rotation speed is 200 rpm. After 20 hours, the enzyme activity reaches 1050 U/ml, and the fermentation is stopped. Yogurt starter fermentation conditions, 43 ° C, stand still, the control end point is titrated acidity 65 ° T. The whole soybean soymilk fermented separately by the two bacteria is passed through condensed water separately and cooled to 15°C. Soymilk fermented by Bacillus natto and soymilk fermented by yogurt starter are mixed in a ratio of 8:1, and then sterilized thickener and sweetener are added. The selected sweetener is sucralose in an amount of 0.01%. The selected thickener is a compound of xanthan gum and carrageenan. Aseptically homogenize, cool to 4°C, and aseptically fill to obtain a finished product.
实施例3:按以下方法生产风味型全豆豆乳Embodiment 3: produce flavor type whole bean soymilk according to the following method
利用纳豆芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌(实验室保存的双歧杆菌867、干酪乳杆菌706)分开发酵再调配的方法制备富含纳豆激酶、风味良好的全豆豆乳,采用以下工艺步骤:Utilize Bacillus natto and lactic acid bacteria (Bifidobacterium 867 preserved in the laboratory, Lactobacillus casei 706) to separately ferment and then prepare the whole soybean milk rich in nattokinase and good flavor, adopt the following process steps:
称取100克精选国产优质高蛋白大豆,风选除杂,加入3倍体积的水在25℃下浸泡16小时,清洗并再次除杂后沥干水分,用100℃热水热烫处理1分钟,再沥干水分,加10倍水,用粗粉碎机以2000转/分钟的转速处理10分钟,再进入超细粉碎机以40000转/分钟的转速逐级处理2次,然后用高压均质机以60MPa的压力处理2遍得到浆料平均粒径40μm的全豆豆浆,注入发酵罐中,杀菌条件:115℃,15分钟。通冷凝水,使罐内全豆豆浆冷却至35℃。纳豆芽孢杆菌按2%的接种量接入已冷却的全豆豆浆中。双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌按1:2的比例接入另一份冷却的豆乳中,接种量为2%。纳豆芽孢杆菌的发酵条件,38℃,无菌空气通风比1:0.6,经过36h后酶活达到1500U/ml,停止发酵。乳酸菌发酵条件,38℃,静置,控制终点为滴定酸度40°T。双菌分别发酵得到的豆乳,分别通冷凝水,冷却至25℃。纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵豆乳和酸奶发酵剂发酵豆乳按1:7的比例混合,再加入已灭菌中的增稠剂、甜味剂。所选甜味剂为三氯蔗糖,用量为0.01%。所选的增稠剂为黄原胶、卡拉胶复配。无菌均质,冷却至4℃,无菌灌装,得到风味型全豆豆乳。Weigh 100 grams of domestically selected high-quality high-protein soybeans, winnow and remove impurities, add 3 times the volume of water and soak at 25°C for 16 hours, wash and remove impurities again, drain the water, and scald with 100°C hot water for 1 Minutes, then drain the water, add 10 times the water, process it with a coarse pulverizer at a speed of 2000 rpm for 10 minutes, then enter an ultrafine pulverizer at a speed of 40000 rpm and process it twice step by step, and then use a high-pressure average The quality machine is treated twice with a pressure of 60 MPa to obtain whole soybean milk with an average particle size of 40 μm, which is poured into a fermenter, and the sterilization conditions are: 115 ° C, 15 minutes. Pass condensed water to cool the whole soybean milk in the tank to 35°C. Bacillus natto was inserted into the cooled whole soybean milk according to the inoculum amount of 2%. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus casei were inserted into another portion of cooled soymilk at a ratio of 1:2, and the inoculation amount was 2%. The fermentation conditions of Bacillus natto are 38°C, sterile air ventilation ratio 1:0.6, after 36 hours, the enzyme activity reaches 1500U/ml, and the fermentation is stopped. Lactic acid bacteria fermentation conditions, 38 ° C, stand still, the control end point is titrated acidity 40 ° T. The soymilk obtained by the separate fermentation of the two bacteria is passed through condensed water and cooled to 25°C. Bacillus natto fermented soymilk and yogurt starter fermented soymilk were mixed at a ratio of 1:7, and then sterilized thickener and sweetener were added. The selected sweetener is sucralose in an amount of 0.01%. The selected thickener is a compound of xanthan gum and carrageenan. Aseptic homogenization, cooling to 4°C, and aseptic filling to obtain flavored whole soybean milk.
按实施例1-3方法得到的风味型全豆豆乳:Flavor type whole soybean soymilk obtained by the method of embodiment 1-3:
(1)采用琼脂糖纤维蛋白平板法测定了风味型全豆豆乳中的纳豆激酶含量(AstrupT.Muller.S.Thefibrinplatemethodforestimatingfibrinolyticactivity[J].ArchBiochemicalBiopys,1995,40:346-351.),本发明方法制得的发酵全豆豆乳的纳豆激酶酶活在200-2000U/ml之间。而且在4℃冷藏下,风味型全豆豆乳的保质期可达15d,保质期内纳豆激酶酶活基本没有下降。(1) The nattokinase content (AstrupT.Muller.S.Thefibrinplatemethodforestimatingfibrinolyticactivity[J].ArchBiochemicalBiopys, 1995,40:346-351.) in flavor type whole soybean milk was measured by adopting the agarose fibrin plate method, the inventive method The nattokinase enzyme activity of the fermented whole soymilk is between 200-2000U/ml. Moreover, under refrigeration at 4°C, the shelf life of flavored whole soy milk can reach 15 days, and the activity of nattokinase basically does not decrease during the shelf life.
(2)采用LC-MS测定了发酵前后前面棉籽糖、水苏糖含量,结果显示,这些胀气因子含量下降约20-40%,比如实施例2中,发酵前的全豆豆浆里含有棉籽糖0.45mg/ml、水苏糖0.36mg/ml,发酵调制后的风味型全豆豆乳中含有棉籽糖0.34mg/ml、水苏糖0.26mg/ml,含量分别下降了24.4%和27.8%。(2) LC-MS was used to measure the contents of raffinose and stachyose before and after fermentation. The results showed that the content of these flatulence factors decreased by about 20-40%. For example, in Example 2, the whole soybean milk before fermentation contained raffinose 0.45mg/ml, stachyose 0.36mg/ml, fermented flavored whole soy soy milk contains raffinose 0.34mg/ml, stachyose 0.26mg/ml, the content decreased by 24.4% and 27.8% respectively.
(3)通过控制接种、发酵条件,提高了蛋白质的利用率和产品的营养价值,发酵前后的肽链大小的分布情况发生了改变,分子量小于1000Da的肽链比例显著增加。比如实施例3中,发酵过程使产品体系中分子量小于1000Da的肽链比例由42%上升至74%,蛋白质水解度提高。同时,全豆豆浆经发酵后,多酚、总黄酮、γ-氨基丁酸等功效成分的含量上升,产品的抗氧化能力增强。如在实施例1中,发酵后多酚、总黄酮、γ-氨基丁酸的含量较发酵之前上升了8.2%、31.5%和25.9%,同时产品的DPPH清除率上升了29.5%。(3) By controlling the inoculation and fermentation conditions, the utilization rate of protein and the nutritional value of the product are improved, the size distribution of peptide chains before and after fermentation is changed, and the proportion of peptide chains with a molecular weight less than 1000Da is significantly increased. For example, in Example 3, the fermentation process increases the proportion of peptide chains with a molecular weight less than 1000 Da in the product system from 42% to 74%, and the degree of protein hydrolysis increases. At the same time, after the whole soybean milk is fermented, the content of functional components such as polyphenols, total flavonoids, and γ-aminobutyric acid increases, and the antioxidant capacity of the product is enhanced. As in Example 1, the content of polyphenols, total flavonoids and γ-aminobutyric acid after fermentation increased by 8.2%, 31.5% and 25.9% compared with before fermentation, and the DPPH clearance rate of the product increased by 29.5%.
(4)采用表1的方法进行感官评定,结果如表2所示。结果表明按本发明方法得到的风味型全豆豆乳无论是色泽、组织状态、气味、滋味都比较好,整体感觉理想。(4) The method in Table 1 was adopted for sensory evaluation, and the results are shown in Table 2. The results show that the flavor type whole soybean soymilk obtained by the method of the invention is better in color, texture, smell and taste, and the overall feeling is ideal.
表1感官评定的方法Table 1 The method of sensory evaluation
表2感官评定结果Table 2 Sensory evaluation results
综上,本发明利用纳豆芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌分开发酵后共混和的方式制备富含纳豆激酶、风味良好的全豆豆乳,产品实现了大豆的全利用,液体发酵过程易于控制,纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵产生有溶栓作用的纳豆激酶。乳酸菌发酵产酸产香,有效地改善了纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵产物的氨嗅味,产品风味良好,消费者接受度高。发酵过程中,由于微生物增殖以及相关酶系的作用,大豆中的胀气因子棉籽糖、水苏糖含量降低,蛋白质人体利用率提高,同时黄酮转化成更易于人体吸收的苷元形式,产品的营养价值得到提高。In summary, the present invention utilizes Bacillus natto and lactic acid bacteria to prepare whole soybean milk rich in nattokinase and good flavor by blending after separate fermentation. The product realizes full utilization of soybeans, and the liquid fermentation process is easy to control. Bacillus fermentation produces nattokinase, which has a thrombolytic effect. The fermentation of lactic acid bacteria produces acid and aroma, which effectively improves the ammonia smell of the fermentation product of Bacillus natto, and the product has a good flavor and high consumer acceptance. During the fermentation process, due to the proliferation of microorganisms and the action of related enzymes, the content of raffinose and stachyose, the flatulence factors in soybeans, is reduced, and the utilization rate of protein in human body is increased. The value is increased.
实施例4:制备工艺对产品的影响Embodiment 4: the influence of preparation technology on product
(1)制浆方法(1) pulping method
省略热烫工艺,其他步骤与实施例1相同,结果发现全豆豆乳中的豆腥味较重,感官评定中气味一项的得分仅为6.5分,比实施例1的对应项得分下降了28.6%;感官评定中综合接受程度一项得分为7.0分,比实施例1中对应项的得分下降了19.3%。The blanching process was omitted, and the other steps were the same as in Example 1. It was found that the beany smell in the whole soy milk was relatively heavy, and the score of the smell item in the sensory evaluation was only 6.5 points, which was 28.6 points lower than that of the corresponding item in Example 1. %; In the sensory evaluation, the score of comprehensive acceptance is 7.0 points, which is 19.3% lower than the score of the corresponding item in Example 1.
省略超细粉碎工艺,其他步骤与实施例1相同,结果发现制备得到的产品的组织状态较差,有明显的乳清析出现象,同时口感较为粗糙,感官评定中组织状态一项的得分,相比于实施例1下降了33.1%。The superfine pulverization process was omitted, and the other steps were the same as in Example 1. It was found that the texture of the prepared product was poor, with obvious whey precipitation, and the mouthfeel was relatively rough. Compared with Example 1, it has decreased by 33.1%.
若省略超细粉碎工艺,在粗粉碎之后双层纱布过滤除渣,其他步骤与实施例1相同,结果发现纳豆激酶单独发酵的豆乳中纳豆激酶酶活下降了20.3%,发酵豆乳成品的纳豆激酶酶活下降了23.1%;成品中纳豆芽孢杆菌活菌数下降了0.9lg(cfu/ml)。说明全豆豆浆对大豆的营养成分保留较为完全,过滤之后豆浆中的某些可以促进纳豆芽孢杆菌生长和纳豆激酶积累的物质可能减少。If the ultra-fine pulverization process is omitted, after the coarse pulverization, the double-layer gauze filter removes the slag, and other steps are the same as in Example 1. As a result, it is found that the activity of nattokinase in the soy milk fermented by nattokinase alone has decreased by 20.3%, and the fermented soy milk finished product The nattokinase enzyme activity has decreased by 23.1%; the number of live bacillus natto has decreased by 0.9lg (cfu/ml) in the finished product. It shows that whole soybean milk retains the nutritional components of soybean more completely, and some substances in soybean milk that can promote the growth of Bacillus natto and the accumulation of nattokinase may be reduced after filtration.
(2)调配时双菌单独发酵豆乳的混合比例(2) Mixing ratio of dual-bacteria fermented soybean milk when blending
利用与实施例2相同的纳豆芽孢杆菌和实验室保存的酸奶发酵剂(嗜热链球、保加利亚乳杆菌),但改变调配时纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵的全豆豆乳和酸奶发酵剂发酵的全豆豆乳的比例为15:1,其他步骤与实施例2相同,结果发现,酸豆乳中基本没有酸奶的香味,氨臭味严重,感官评分显著降低,其中气味一项的得分相比于实施例2下降了70.1%。Utilize the yoghurt starter (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus) identical with embodiment 2 bacillus natto and laboratory preservation, but change the whole soybean milk of bacillus natto fermentation and the whole bean of yoghurt starter fermentation when deploying The ratio of soy milk is 15:1, and the other steps are the same as in Example 2. It is found that there is basically no yogurt flavor in the sour soy milk, the smell of ammonia is serious, and the sensory score is significantly reduced. The score of the odor item is compared with that of Example 2. A drop of 70.1%.
利用与实施例2相同的纳豆芽孢杆菌和实验室保存的酸奶发酵剂(嗜热链球、保加利亚乳杆菌),但改变调配时纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵的豆乳和酸奶发酵剂发酵的豆乳的比例为1:15,其他步骤与实施例2相同,结果发现,制备得到的全豆豆乳中纳豆芽孢杆菌活菌数下降,纳豆激酶酶活显著下降,由500U/ml(出厂时)下降至200U/ml(出厂时)。除此以外,体系的pH由5.4下降至4.7,保质期内酶活稳定性下降,在4℃下放置5d,纳豆激酶酶活下降了54.2%。Utilize the same Bacillus natto as in Example 2 and the yogurt starter (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus) preserved in the laboratory, but change the ratio of the soymilk fermented by Bacillus natto and the soymilk fermented by the yogurt starter during deployment as 1:15, the other steps are the same as in Example 2. It was found that the number of viable Bacillus natto bacteria in the prepared whole soybean milk decreased, and the enzyme activity of nattokinase decreased significantly, from 500U/ml (when leaving the factory) to 200U /ml (factory). In addition, the pH of the system dropped from 5.4 to 4.7, and the stability of the enzyme activity decreased during the shelf life. The enzyme activity of nattokinase decreased by 54.2% after being placed at 4°C for 5 days.
(3)发酵方式(3) Fermentation method
本发明是采用双菌单独发酵,方便控制发酵条件。单独发酵完成后,再进行调配,可以通过调整混合比例,获得较高的纳豆激酶酶活和较好的感官评分。双菌单独发酵的豆乳的混合过程,可以和稳定剂、甜味剂的调制一起,实际上并没有增加工序。The present invention adopts double bacteria to ferment separately, which is convenient to control the fermentation conditions. After the separate fermentation is completed, and then blended, a higher nattokinase activity and a better sensory score can be obtained by adjusting the mixing ratio. The mixing process of the soymilk fermented separately by dual bacteria can be combined with the preparation of stabilizers and sweeteners, and there is actually no additional process.
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore The scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
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