CN105104434A - 一种绿色高效拌种剂及其制法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种绿色高效拌种剂,属于农药技术领域,该药由纯天然植物提取物油菜素内脂,海藻素,茶皂素和生物功能菌枯草芽孢杆菌,放线菌,白僵菌,木霉菌,苏云金杆菌组成。该药绿色环保,对提高种子发芽率和出苗率,杀虫灭菌有很好的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药技术领域,特别是一种绿色高效拌种剂。
背景技术
目前已知的农作物拌种剂按作用原理的不同可分为含有氮杂环类化合物,季胺盐类化合物、三唑类化合物等不同类型。由于它们都只是从某一特定角度出发,以达到所希望的特定目的,故作用范围有较大的局限性。最重要的是药物毒性较高,不符合现代农业的要求,不符合农业安全食品用药的规定。
发明内容
本发明的目的是根据植物营养生理学、根系土壤微生物生态学和农业化工的最新科研成果,研制一种符合农业安全食品用药的绿色高效拌种剂。本发明的目的是通过下述方法实现的:它是将多种纯天然植物提取的安全无毒性药物和生物功能菌,按一定比例混合而成。经过多次试验筛选,各种原料的配比为:天然0.01%油菜素内脂3-5公斤,海藻素30-50公斤,茶皂素30-50公斤,枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂2-4公斤,放线菌菌剂2-4公斤,白僵菌菌剂2-4公斤,木霉菌菌剂2-4公斤,苏云金杆菌菌剂2-4公斤,黄腐酸钾余量,将上述原料充分搅拌均匀即为成品。
具体实施方案
下面结合实施例,对本发明作进一步具体说明:
准确称取以下原料:0.01%油菜素内脂4公斤,海藻素40公斤,茶皂素40公斤,枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂3公斤,放线菌菌剂3公斤,白僵菌菌剂3公斤,木霉菌菌剂3公斤,苏云金杆菌菌剂3公斤,黄腐酸钾901公斤,将上述原料充分搅拌均匀即为成品。
茶皂素是从茶籽中提炼出来的,它有三个作用:①防治地下害虫,如:地老虎、蛴螬、线虫等。茶皂素还对危害水稻的福寿螺和蜗牛、钉螺均有良好的毒杀效果,对小菜蛾、斜纹蛾等鳞翅目幼虫具有较强的拒食作用和抑制生长发育等作用。②防治病害。茶皂素对土壤中的一些致病菌具有明显的抑制作用,例如:瓜类枯萎病、花生白绢病、水稻纹枯病等。③促进种子萌发,促进根系发达,促进作物生长。
海藻素是从海藻中提取出来的。用于拌种,主要体现三大功效:①肥效。海藻素含有植物生长所必须的多种营养成分和天然植物生长调节剂,如:细胞分裂素、海藻多糖等,能缩短种子休眠期,促使植物种子快速萌发和生长。②增强抗逆性。提高作物种子抗干旱、抗水涝的能力。③防治病虫害。海藻素内含多种海洋生物活性物质如海藻多糖、海藻多酚、寡糖素等,对植物的枯萎病、粉霉病、灰霉病的致病菌和红蜘蛛有明显的抑制作用。④安全环保。海藻素是纯天然海藻提取物,对环境无污染,拌种后能疏松土壤,改良因使用化肥而造成的土壤板结,加快土壤团粒结构的形成,确保土壤有良好的通气性。用海藻素拌种生产的粮食、蔬菜、瓜果、花生品质优良。符合绿色食品标准。
枯草芽孢杆菌在拌种剂中的功效表现在:①枯草芽孢杆菌进入土壤后,在生长过程中能产生枯草菌素、多粘菌素、短杆菌肽等活性物质。这些活性物质对致病菌有明显的抑制作用,可以抑制土壤中病原菌的繁殖和对植物根部的侵袭,减少植物的土传病害,预防多种害虫爆发。②提高种子的出芽率和保苗率,预防种子自身的遗传病害,促进根系生长。③改善土壤团粒结构,改良土壤,提高蓄水能力,提高地温,增强抗重茬能力。
白僵菌能够在自然条件下通过体壁接触杀死害虫。白僵菌可寄生在15个目,100多种害虫上,例如蛴螬、蚜虫、蓟马、玉米螟等,对人畜和环境安全。白僵菌的再生长性很好,随种子进入田间后借助适宜的温度、湿度可以继续繁殖生长,增强杀虫效果。
木霉菌的功效表现在:①防治病虫害。木霉菌进入土壤后,通过产生小分子的抗生素和大分子的抗菌蛋白来抑制病原菌的生长、繁殖和浸染。木霉菌还会在特定的环境里形成对致病菌的重寄生作用。它进入寄生菌丝后,形成大量的分枝和有性结构,从而抑制致病菌。木霉菌还可以诱导寄生植物产生防御反应,不但能直接抑制致病菌的生长和繁殖,而且能诱导作物产生自我防御系统,获得抗病性。②促生作用。木霉菌还能增加农作物植株的活力,促进农作物的生长。
放线菌本来就是存在于土壤中的优势微生物,拌种剂中再加入放线菌菌剂,可以进一步发挥其优势。其分枝状的菌丝体,能够产生种种胞外水解酶,降解土壤中的各种不溶性有机物质,增加作物营养。放线菌所产生的次生代谢物如抗生素、氨基酸、维生素、免疫调节剂等,对种子及其幼苗具有保护作用和促进生长的功效。
苏云金杆菌在自然条件下生存于土壤或水中,这种杀虫菌在生长发育过程中产生芽孢并形成伴孢晶体,它含有的蛋白质毒素,可以破坏害虫的消化道,而芽孢能穿过破损的消化道进入血液。在血液中大量繁殖,最终导致害虫死亡。苏云金杆菌只特异性感染直翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、膜翅目、特别是鳞翅目的多种害虫,不伤害天敌,不污染环境。
黄腐酸钾是一种从天然腐植酸中提取的短碳链分子结构物质,具有以下功效:①防治植物病害,增强抗逆性;②强化根系的附着力和快速吸收能力,促使种子发芽生长,促使根系发达,促使植株更加旺盛;③活化土壤,改善土壤结构;④有利于生物功能菌的生长和繁殖。
本发明的优点和特点:①可缩短种子休眠期,提高呼吸强度,刺激细胞分裂和组织分化,诱发不定根形成,提高发芽率和出苗率,促进苗齐,苗全、苗壮,生长迅速。②提高作物抗逆能力。抗重茬,抗干旱,抗涝,抗寒,抗干热风,抗盐碱。③纯天然植物提取物和生物功能菌杀虫灭菌,符合农业安全食品生产规定,绿色环保。
Claims (2)
1.一种绿色高效拌种剂,其特征在于:它是由天然植物提取物油菜素内脂,海藻素,茶皂素和生物功能菌枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂,放线菌菌剂,白僵菌菌剂,木霉菌菌剂,苏云金杆菌菌剂组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种绿色高效拌种剂,其配方以吨计是:0.01%油菜素内脂3-5公斤,海藻素30-50公斤,茶皂素30-50公斤,枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂2-4公斤,放线菌菌剂2-4公斤,白僵菌菌剂2-4公斤,木霉菌菌剂2-4公斤,苏云金杆菌菌剂2-4公斤,余量为黄腐酸钾。
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