CN105052613B - A kind of raising seedling of Australian nut Matrix formulation procedure based on Queensland nut discarded object - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing a macadamia seedling substrate based on macadamia waste, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural production; the method for preparing a macadamia seedling substrate of the present invention comprises the following steps: 1. preparing fermented macadamia nut skins, 2. preparing carbonized macadamia nuts Nut shell, 3. Prepare macadamia branch and leaf powder, 4. Mix the above-mentioned prepared materials with peat soil and yellow heart soil for matrix preparation, 5. After the matrix is mixed well, put it in a seedling raising bag for standby; the present invention can effectively and rationally utilize macadamia nuts The branches and leaves after the pruning of the orchard and the wastes such as the peel and shell produced by the initial processing of the fruit avoid the pollution of the macadamia nut waste to the environment and improve the utilization value of the macadamia nut waste; the substrate prepared by the present invention is rich in nutrition, loose Breathable and water- and fertilizer-retaining, the root system development and plant growth of macadamia seedlings can be promoted; at the same time, the preparation method of the invention is simple, low in cost, and convenient for operation and transportation.

Description

A kind of macadamia seedling substrate preparation method based on macadamia waste

technical field

The invention relates to a method for preparing a seedling-raising substrate, in particular to a method for preparing a macadamia seedling-raising substrate based on macadamia nut waste, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural production.

Background technique

Macadamia nuts, also known as Queensland chestnuts, Australian walnuts, and macadamia nuts, are native to Australia and belong to the family Longanaceae. Macadamia nuts are evergreen tree fruit trees. Its important nutritional value and health benefits enjoy the reputation of "Queen of Dried Fruits" and "King of Nuts in the World", and are deeply loved by people. my country introduced macadamia nuts in about 1910, but commercial planting did not begin until around 1980. At present, the planting scale has reached 65,200 hectares, mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hainan, Fujian and other provinces and regions. , The industry prospect is very broad.

Macadamia is propagated by grafting or cutting, and the seedling substrate is the key factor affecting the survival, growth and development of seedlings. At present, macadamia nut seedlings have been raised with yellow heart soil as the seedling substrate. Because yellow heart soil is easy to compact and has poor permeability, the root system of the seedlings is underdeveloped and the growth and development are slow; The seedlings are heavy and inconvenient for transportation and uphill planting. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to find a kind of seedling substrate that is beneficial to the root growth of macadamia seedlings and is convenient for transportation and planting to replace yellow heart soil.

There are many studies on seedling-growing substrates. China’s invention of "Process Technology for Producing Seedling-raising Substrates Using Tobacco Waste" (application number 201210282021.8) provides a method of collecting, crushing, high-temperature and high-pressure separation of tobacco waste, fermentation, and fumigation. Finally, the decomposed material is obtained, and then the decomposed material, perlite and vermiculite are mixed evenly with a mass ratio of 60-70: 10-30: 10-30 to obtain a seedling substrate; China invented "a rapid seedling substrate" (application No. 201410235413.8) discloses a seedling-raising substrate composed of peat soil, biogas residue, dung soil, ammonium nitrate, phosphate fertilizer, plant ash, and talcum powder. However, these seedling substrates are not very suitable for macadamia seedlings.

The peel and shell of macadamia nuts are the residues after the primary processing of macadamia nuts, while the branches and leaves of macadamia nuts are the waste after orchard pruning. Currently, they are usually disposed of by incineration or discarded, causing environmental pollution. However, the branches, leaves, peel and shell of macadamia nuts are rich in nutrients such as nitrogen nutrients and mineral elements, and have high utilization value, but so far there has been no relevant research on using macadamia nut waste as raw materials to prepare macadamia nut seedling substrates. reports. Therefore, it is of great practical value to develop a macadamia seedling substrate that is not only beneficial to the growth of macadamia seedlings, but also beneficial to the comprehensive utilization of local renewable resources and promoting the sustainable and circular development of the local economy.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a macadamia seedling substrate based on macadamia waste, which is simple and easy to operate, low in cost and convenient for transportation.

For realizing the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:

A method for preparing a macadamia seedling substrate based on macadamia waste, comprising the steps of:

(1) Preparation of fermented macadamia nut skins: Sprinkle the macadamia nut skins with water, add 2 to 3 kg of urea and 1 kg of decomposing bacteria agent per 500 kg of macadamia nut skins, mix them evenly, and pile them up for anaerobic fermentation for 30 ~50 days. During the fermentation period, when the temperature in the pile exceeds 65°C, turn the pile in time until the surface of the peel turns from green to dark brown, and then dry it in the sun to obtain fermented and decomposed macadamia nut peels;

(2) Preparation of carbonized macadamia nut shells: take dry macadamia nut shells, grind them and heat them below their ignition temperature to make them incompletely burnt, and then pass through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain carbonized macadamia nut shells;

(3) Preparation of macadamia nut branches and leaves powder: collect the pruned macadamia nut branches and leaves, dry them and crush them into powder, then stack and retting them naturally for more than 3 months, and dry them to obtain macadamia nut branches and leaves powder;

(4) Substrate preparation: take 10-20 parts of fermented macadamia nut skin, 20-35 parts of carbonized macadamia nut shell, 15-25 parts of macadamia nut branch and leaf powder, 30-40 parts of peat soil and 25-30 parts of yellow heart soil, mix well and dry to obtain a macadamia seedling substrate based on macadamia waste, which can be placed in a seedling bag for standby.

In step (1), it is advisable to wet the macadamia nut skin with water and hold the material with water droplets to extrude.

The prepared macadamia seedling substrate based on macadamia waste has a pH value of 5.0-6.5.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The present invention can effectively and reasonably utilize the pruned branches and leaves of the macadamia orchard and the peel and shell of the fruit produced in the initial processing, avoiding the pollution of the macadamia nut waste to the environment, and improving the utilization value of the macadamia nut waste ;

2. The substrate prepared by the present invention is rich in nutrients, loose and breathable, and retains water and fertilizer, which can promote root development and plant growth of macadamia seedlings;

3. The preparation method of the present invention is simple, low in cost, and convenient to operate and transport.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described in detail by examples below, and these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A method for preparing a macadamia seedling substrate based on macadamia waste, comprising the steps of:

(1) Preparation of fermented macadamia nut skins: Sprinkle the macadamia nut skins with water, add 2 kg of urea and 1 kg of decomposing bacteria agent for every 500 kg of macadamia nut skins, mix them evenly, and pile them up for anaerobic fermentation for 30 days. During the fermentation period, when the temperature in the pile exceeds 65°C, the pile should be turned in time until the surface of the peel turns from green to dark brown, and then dried in the sun to obtain fermented and decomposed macadamia nut peels;

(2) Preparation of carbonized macadamia nut shells: take dry macadamia nut shells, grind them and heat them below their ignition temperature to make them incompletely burnt, and then pass through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain carbonized macadamia nut shells;

(3) Preparation of macadamia nut branches and leaves powder: collect the pruned macadamia nut branches and leaves, dry them and crush them into powder, then stack and retting them naturally for more than 3 months, and dry them to obtain macadamia nut branches and leaves powder;

(4) Substrate preparation: Take 10 parts of fermented macadamia nut skin, 20 parts of carbonized macadamia nut shell, 15 parts of macadamia nut branch and leaf powder, 30 parts of peat soil and 25 parts of yellow heart soil, mix them evenly, and dry them to get macadamia nut waste The macadamia seedling substrate can be placed in a seedling bag for later use.

Example 2

A method for preparing a macadamia seedling substrate based on macadamia waste, comprising the steps of:

(1) Preparation of fermented macadamia nut skins: Sprinkle the macadamia nut skins with water, add 3 kg of urea and 1 kg of decomposing bacteria agent for every 500 kg of macadamia nut skins, mix them evenly, and pile them up for anaerobic fermentation for 50 days. During the fermentation period, when the temperature in the pile exceeds 65°C, the pile should be turned in time until the surface of the peel turns from green to dark brown, and then dried in the sun to obtain fermented and decomposed macadamia nut peels;

(2) Preparation of carbonized macadamia nut shells: take dry macadamia nut shells, grind them and heat them below their ignition temperature to make them incompletely burnt, and then pass through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain carbonized macadamia nut shells;

(3) Preparation of macadamia nut branches and leaves powder: collect the pruned macadamia nut branches and leaves, dry them and crush them into powder, then stack and retting them naturally for more than 3 months, and dry them to obtain macadamia nut branches and leaves powder;

(4) Substrate preparation: take 20 parts of fermented macadamia nut skin, 35 parts of carbonized macadamia nut shell, 25 parts of macadamia nut branch and leaf powder, 40 parts of peat soil and 30 parts of yellow heart soil, mix them evenly, and dry them to get macadamia nut waste based The macadamia seedling substrate can be placed in a seedling bag for later use.

Example 3

A method for preparing a macadamia seedling substrate based on macadamia waste, comprising the steps of:

(1) Preparation of fermented macadamia nut skins: Sprinkle the macadamia nut skins with water, add 2.5 kg of urea and 1 kg of decomposing bacteria agent per 500 kg of macadamia nut skins, mix well, and pile up for anaerobic fermentation for 40 days. During the fermentation period, when the temperature in the pile exceeds 65°C, the pile should be turned in time until the surface of the peel turns from green to dark brown, and then dried in the sun to obtain fermented and decomposed macadamia nut peels;

(2) Preparation of carbonized macadamia nut shells: take dry macadamia nut shells, grind them and heat them below their ignition temperature to make them incompletely burnt, and then pass through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain carbonized macadamia nut shells;

(3) Preparation of macadamia nut branches and leaves powder: collect the pruned macadamia nut branches and leaves, dry them and crush them into powder, then stack and retting them naturally for more than 3 months, and dry them to obtain macadamia nut branches and leaves powder;

(4) Substrate preparation: take 15 parts of fermented macadamia nut skin, 30 parts of carbonized macadamia nut shell, 20 parts of macadamia nut branch and leaf powder, 35 parts of peat soil and 25 parts of yellow heart soil, mix them evenly, and dry them to get macadamia nut waste The macadamia seedling substrate can be placed in a seedling bag for later use.

Example 4

A method for preparing a macadamia seedling substrate based on macadamia waste, comprising the steps of:

(1) Preparation of fermented macadamia nut skins: Sprinkle the macadamia nut skins with water, add 2.2 kg of urea and 1 kg of decomposing bacteria agent for every 500 kg of macadamia nut skins, mix them evenly, and pile them up for anaerobic fermentation for 35 days. During the fermentation period, when the temperature in the pile exceeds 65°C, the pile should be turned in time until the surface of the peel turns from green to dark brown, and then dried in the sun to obtain fermented and decomposed macadamia nut peels;

(2) Preparation of carbonized macadamia nut shells: take dry macadamia nut shells, grind them and heat them below their ignition temperature to make them incompletely burnt, and then pass through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain carbonized macadamia nut shells;

(3) Preparation of macadamia nut branches and leaves powder: collect the pruned macadamia nut branches and leaves, dry them and crush them into powder, then stack and retting them naturally for more than 3 months, and dry them to obtain macadamia nut branches and leaves powder;

(4) Substrate preparation: Take 12 parts of fermented macadamia nut skin, 25 parts of carbonized macadamia nut shell, 18 parts of macadamia nut branch and leaf powder, 33 parts of peat soil and 26 parts of yellow heart soil, mix them evenly, and dry them to get macadamia nut waste based The macadamia seedling substrate can be placed in a seedling bag for later use.

Example 5

A method for preparing a macadamia seedling substrate based on macadamia waste, comprising the steps of:

(1) Preparation of fermented macadamia nut skins: Sprinkle the macadamia nut skins with water, add 2.8 kg of urea and 1 kg of decomposing bacteria agent per 500 kg of macadamia nut skins, mix well, and pile up for anaerobic fermentation for 45 days. During the fermentation period, when the temperature in the pile exceeds 65°C, the pile should be turned in time until the surface of the peel turns from green to dark brown, and then dried in the sun to obtain fermented and decomposed macadamia nut peels;

(2) Preparation of carbonized macadamia nut shells: take dry macadamia nut shells, grind them and heat them below their ignition temperature to make them incompletely burnt, and then pass through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain carbonized macadamia nut shells;

(3) Preparation of macadamia nut branches and leaves powder: collect the pruned macadamia nut branches and leaves, dry them and crush them into powder, then stack and retting them naturally for more than 3 months, and dry them to obtain macadamia nut branches and leaves powder;

(4) Substrate preparation: take 18 parts of fermented macadamia nut skin, 33 parts of carbonized macadamia nut shell, 22 parts of macadamia nut branch and leaf powder, 37 parts of peat soil and 28 parts of yellow heart soil, mix them evenly, and dry them to get macadamia nut waste based The macadamia seedling substrate can be placed in a seedling bag for later use.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of raising seedling of Australian nut Matrix formulation procedure based on Queensland nut discarded object, it is characterised in that including following step Suddenly：（1）The preparation of fermentation Queensland nut skin：By Queensland nut skin with water spread it is wet after, add by the amount of every 500 kilograms of Queensland nut skins Enter 2 kilograms of urea and 1 kilogram of decomposing microbial inoculum, heap anaerobic fermentation is beaten 30 days after well mixed, during fermentation, when temperature exceedes in heap Timely turning is wanted at 65 DEG C, until pericarp surface switchs to dark brown by green, then is dried through sunlight, that is, obtains the Australia of fermentation maturity Continent nut skin；（2）The preparation of carbonization macadamia shell：Dry macadamia shell is taken, is heated to its ignition point temperature after crushed Below degree, make its burn incompletely, then cross 10 mesh sieves, that is, obtain the macadamia shell that is carbonized；（3）Queensland nut branches and leaves powder Prepare：The Queensland nut branches and leaves trimmed are collected, powdered, then natural stack retting more than 3 months is ground into after drying, is dried Obtain Queensland nut branches and leaves powder；（4）Substrate preparation：Take 10 parts of fermentation Queensland nut skin, 20 parts of macadamia shell of carbonization, Australia 25 parts of 15 parts of continent nut branches and leaves powder, 30 parts of peat soil and yellow soil, after being well mixed, dry and obtain giving up based on Queensland nut The raising seedling of Australian nut matrix of gurry, it can be placed in standby in Seedling bag.

2. a kind of raising seedling of Australian nut Matrix formulation procedure based on Queensland nut discarded object, it is characterised in that including following step Suddenly：（1）The preparation of fermentation Queensland nut skin：By Queensland nut skin with water spread it is wet after, by every 500 kilograms of Queensland nut skins Amount add 3 kilograms of urea and 1 kilogram of decomposing microbial inoculum, beat heap anaerobic fermentation 50 days after being well mixed, during fermentation, When in heap temperature more than 65 DEG C when want timely turning, until pericarp surface switchs to dark brown by green, then dries through sunlight, i.e., Obtain the Queensland nut skin of fermentation maturity；（2）The preparation of carbonization macadamia shell：Dry macadamia shell is taken, through powder It is heated to after broken below its ignition temperature, makes its burn incompletely, then cross 10 mesh sieves, that is, obtains the Queensland nut that is carbonized Shell；（3）The preparation of Queensland nut branches and leaves powder：The Queensland nut branches and leaves trimmed are collected, powder is ground into after drying Shape, then natural stack retting more than 3 months, dry and obtain Queensland nut branches and leaves powder；（4）Substrate preparation：Take fermentation Australia 20 parts of nut skin, 35 parts of macadamia shell of carbonization, 25 parts of Queensland nut branches and leaves powder, 40 parts of peat soil and yellow soil 30 parts, after being well mixed, dry and obtain the raising seedling of Australian nut matrix based on Queensland nut discarded object, Seedling bag can be placed in In it is standby.

3. a kind of raising seedling of Australian nut Matrix formulation procedure based on Queensland nut discarded object, it is characterised in that including following step Suddenly：（1）The preparation of fermentation Queensland nut skin：By Queensland nut skin with water spread it is wet after, by every 500 kilograms of Queensland nut skins Amount add 2.5 kilograms of urea and 1 kilogram of decomposing microbial inoculum, beat heap anaerobic fermentation 40 days after well mixed, the fermentation phase Between, when in heap temperature more than 65 DEG C when want timely turning, until pericarp surface switchs to dark brown by green, then through sun It is dry, that is, obtain the Queensland nut skin of fermentation maturity；（2）The preparation of carbonization macadamia shell：Dry macadamia shell is taken, It is heated to after crushed below its ignition temperature, makes its burn incompletely, then cross 10 mesh sieves, that is, obtains the Australia that is carbonized Shuck；（3）The preparation of Queensland nut branches and leaves powder：The Queensland nut branches and leaves trimmed are collected, are ground into after drying It is powdered, then natural stack retting more than 3 months, dry and obtain Queensland nut branches and leaves powder；（4）Substrate preparation：Take hair 15 parts of ferment Queensland nut skin, carbonization 30 parts of macadamia shell, 20 parts of Queensland nut branches and leaves powder, 35 parts of peat soil and 25 parts of yellow soil, after being well mixed, dry and obtain the raising seedling of Australian nut matrix based on Queensland nut discarded object, can put It is standby in Seedling bag.

4. a kind of raising seedling of Australian nut Matrix formulation procedure based on Queensland nut discarded object, it is characterised in that including following step Suddenly：（1）The preparation of fermentation Queensland nut skin：By Queensland nut skin with water spread it is wet after, by every 500 kilograms of Queensland nut skins Amount add 2.2 kilograms of urea and 1 kilogram of decomposing microbial inoculum, beat heap anaerobic fermentation 35 days after well mixed, the fermentation phase Between, when in heap temperature more than 65 DEG C when want timely turning, until pericarp surface switchs to dark brown by green, then through sun It is dry, that is, obtain the Queensland nut skin of fermentation maturity；（2）The preparation of carbonization macadamia shell：Dry macadamia shell is taken, It is heated to after crushed below its ignition temperature, makes its burn incompletely, then cross 10 mesh sieves, that is, obtains the Australia that is carbonized Shuck；（3）The preparation of Queensland nut branches and leaves powder：The Queensland nut branches and leaves trimmed are collected, are ground into after drying It is powdered, then natural stack retting more than 3 months, dry and obtain Queensland nut branches and leaves powder；（4）Substrate preparation：Take hair 12 parts of ferment Queensland nut skin, carbonization 25 parts of macadamia shell, 18 parts of Queensland nut branches and leaves powder, 33 parts of peat soil and 26 parts of yellow soil, after being well mixed, dry and obtain the raising seedling of Australian nut matrix based on Queensland nut discarded object, can put It is standby in Seedling bag.

5. a kind of raising seedling of Australian nut Matrix formulation procedure based on Queensland nut discarded object, it is characterised in that including following step Suddenly：（1）The preparation of fermentation Queensland nut skin：By Queensland nut skin with water spread it is wet after, by every 500 kilograms of Queensland nut skins Amount add 2.8 kilograms of urea and 1 kilogram of decomposing microbial inoculum, beat heap anaerobic fermentation 45 days after well mixed, the fermentation phase Between, when in heap temperature more than 65 DEG C when want timely turning, until pericarp surface switchs to dark brown by green, then dries through sunlight, Obtain the Queensland nut skin of fermentation maturity；（2）The preparation of carbonization macadamia shell：Dry macadamia shell is taken, is passed through It is heated to after crushing below its ignition temperature, makes its burn incompletely, then cross 10 mesh sieves, that is, obtains Australia heavily fortified point that is carbonized Shell；（3）The preparation of Queensland nut branches and leaves powder：The Queensland nut branches and leaves trimmed are collected, powder is ground into after drying Last shape, then natural stack retting more than 3 months, dry and obtain Queensland nut branches and leaves powder；（4）Substrate preparation：Take fermentation 18 parts of Queensland nut skin, 33 parts of macadamia shell of carbonization, 22 parts of Queensland nut branches and leaves powder, 37 parts of peat soil and Huang 28 parts of cubsoil, after being well mixed, dry and obtain the raising seedling of Australian nut matrix based on Queensland nut discarded object, can be placed in It is standby in Seedling bag.