CN103992149B - A kind of utilize vinasse to prepare melon raise seedling organic composite substratd and production method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic composite substrate for growing melon and vegetable seedlings prepared by distiller's grains and a production method. The volume ratio of each component after decomposing is distiller's grains:cow dung=1~3:1~2. After the raw materials are collected, pulverized, pretreated, decomposed, prepared and inspected, an organic composite substrate for growing melon and vegetable seedlings prepared from distiller's grains can be obtained. The matrix prepared by the invention has strong water retention, good air permeability, rich nutritional components, and no inorganic matrix; it can promote the absorption and utilization of water, fertilizer, and air by the seedlings of melons and vegetables, enhance the stress resistance of the seedlings, and is beneficial to the growth of seedlings , Qimiao; can completely replace the matrix products on the market with peat as the main raw material. At present, peat is a non-renewable resource with high price and uneven distribution. The matrix made by the invention can not only protect resources, but also reduce the cost of raising seedlings.

Description

A kind of organic composite substrate for growing melon and vegetable seedlings prepared with distiller's grains and its production method

This application is a divisional application for the filing date of 2013-2-22, the application number: 201310055659.2, and the title of the invention: an organic composite substrate for growing melon and vegetable seedlings prepared from distiller's grains and a production method.

technical field

The invention relates to the field of modern facility agriculture, in particular to an organic composite substrate for growing melon and vegetable seedlings prepared with distiller's grains, and also relates to a production method for the organic composite substrate for growing melon and vegetable seedlings prepared with distiller's grains.

Background technique

As early as the 1960s, the United States first began to study plug seedling technology, and then popularized and applied it in agricultural developed countries in Europe and the United States. In the early 1980s, my country's Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai and other places successively introduced equipment and technology for industrialized seedling cultivation, and vegetable seedling cultivation has achieved specialization, commercialization and mechanization. The development of plug seedlings has changed the traditional production method and planting system of vegetables, and promoted the development of modern facility agriculture.

As the core technology of facility agriculture, soilless cultivation is inseparable from the material basis - substrate. The substrate plays a role in fixing the seedlings or plants in industrial seedling cultivation, and replenishing the seedlings or plants with water and nutrients. Therefore, the quality of the substrate directly determines the quality of the seedling cultivation products. At present, the substrate products of various countries in the world are mainly mixed substrates composed of peat and perlite or vermiculite. However, peat resources are limited, the price is high, and the distribution is uneven. In recent years, the quality of peat has been declining year by year, and the inorganic substrate is difficult to handle after use, causing serious pollution to the environment. It is urgent to develop new substrate products.

Based on the consideration of environmental protection and providing the market with high-quality and low-cost localized substrates, the use of organic solid waste generated in industry and agriculture to produce substrate products will not only turn waste into treasure, but also realize the localization of substrates and reduce the cost of seedling cultivation . There are many kinds of organic solid wastes, among which cottonseed husks, cotton stalks, straw, peanut shells, mushroom dregs, carbonized rice husks, sawdust, sugar slag, reed dust, etc. have been studied more and have good development prospects. Chen Zhende and others used the composite matrix prepared from cottonseed husks, pig manure, slag ash, furfural slag, vermiculite, etc. that had grown mushrooms in the local area, and tested them on solanaceous fruits, melons, and leafy vegetables. Kim Yi-soo conducted a study on the effect of rice straw on the quality of tomato seedlings. There are also many studies abroad. Chong added apple pomace to the substrate for 2 years of cultivation experiments on plants such as Cornus officinalis. After bio-fermentation, these organic wastes can become raw materials for seedling-raising substrates, which can be mixed in a certain proportion to replace peat to varying degrees for seedling-raising production.

With the development of facility agriculture, the demand for seedling substrates will further expand. The use of organic solid waste to produce seedling substrates not only provides a new way for the utilization of organic solid waste as a resource, substrate and high added value, but also solves the problem of solid waste environmental pollution, but also promotes the development of facility agriculture and emerging industries—— The sustainable development of the substrate industry and the prosperity of the substrate product business economy play an extremely important role.

Contents of the invention

An object of the present invention is to provide an organic composite matrix for growing melon and vegetable seedlings, which can promote the absorption and utilization of water, fertilizer and air by the melon and vegetable seedlings, enhance the stress resistance of the seedlings, and is beneficial to strong and healthy seedlings.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an organic composite substrate for growing melon and vegetable seedlings, which is simple, easy to implement and suitable for large-scale production.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the following technical measures:

An organic composite matrix for growing melon and vegetable seedlings prepared from distiller's grains, the volume ratio of each component after decomposing is:

Distiller's grains: mushroom dregs=2～4:1～3;

Or distiller's grains: cow dung=1～3:1～2;

Or distiller's grains: biogas residue: crop straw = 9:2～4:1～2;

The composition and optimal ratio of each component are: distiller's grains: mushroom dregs = 2:1; or distiller's grains: cow dung = 3:1; or distiller's grains: biogas residue: crop straw = 9:4:1. A method for preparing an organic composite substrate for growing melon and vegetable seedlings prepared from distiller's grains, the steps of which are as follows:

1. Raw material collection: collect distiller's grains, mushroom dregs, biogas residues, cow dung, straw;

The distiller's grains are: distiller's grains and beer's grains, which are respectively derived from the by-products of brewing liquor and beer. The former uses sorghum and rice as raw materials, and the latter uses wheat bran, barley, and rice husks as raw materials.

The mushroom dregs are: the compost after cultivating edible fungi, wherein cottonseed hulls and sawdust are used as main raw materials.

The biogas residue is: the solid waste produced by the biogas fermentation of livestock and poultry manure produced in the breeding industry.

The crop stalks are: corn stalks and rice straws produced in the planting industry.

2. Crushing: When the length or diameter of the raw material exceeds 2cm, it should be crushed, and the length or diameter after crushing should not exceed 1cm;

3. Pretreatment: remove coarse materials and mechanical impurities in the raw materials, rinse and wash the crushed mushroom residues; water the raw materials with a length or diameter not exceeding 1cm, control the water content to 55% to 65%, and add urea to adjust the raw materials The C/N ratio is 20:1-30:1, add quicklime to adjust the pH value of the raw material to 5.5-8.0, then add a starter with a mass fraction of 0.1%-0.3%, stir evenly, and prepare for composting and fermentation.

The starter is: a conventional decomposing agent, such as EM bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria, compost rapid decomposing agent and the like.

4. Decomposition: After the raw materials are pretreated, they are piled into a pile with a bottom width of 2m, a height of 1.2m to 1.5m, and an unlimited length.

The bottom is equipped with ventilation equipment, the surface layer is covered with straw with a thickness of 2 cm, and a layer of plastic film is added to ferment separately. When the temperature exceeds 60°C-65°C for the first time, turn the compost once; during the high-temperature period of composting, the temperature of the compost body should be kept at 55°C-65°C, and the duration should not be less than 5 days, and the compost should be turned once every 2d-5 days; When the temperature is 65°C, the compost should be turned in time, and the moisture content of the compost should be adjusted to 55% to 65%. When the temperature does not exceed ±5°C within 48 hours, stop turning. Then spread the heap to form a 30cm-50cm thick heap and continue to pile it for 20d-30d, turn it over every 10d, and set it aside.

5. Substrate preparation: The raw materials after fermentation are according to the volume ratio distiller's grains: mushroom dregs = 2-4:1-3 or distiller's grains: cow dung = 1-3:1-2 or distiller's grains: biogas residue: crop straw = 9:2- 4: 1～2 After stirring and mixing in a blender, it becomes the organic composite matrix for growing melon and vegetable seedlings according to the present invention.

6. Quality inspection: Sampling the matrix product after mixing evenly. The quality index of the matrix product meets the following requirements: pH value is 5.5-8.0, particle size (1mm-5mm) is ≥40%, and bulk density is 0.1g/cm3 ～0.40g/cm3, the total porosity is 60%～80%, the content of organic matter is ≥20%, the mass fraction of total nutrients is ≥2.0%, and the electrical conductivity is ≤1000us/cm.

The content of organic matter is specifically: the content of organic carbon in the dried matrix, multiplied by a coefficient of 1.724, is the content of organic matter. The total nutrient is: the sum of the mass fractions of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the drying matrix.

The substrate of the present invention is applied to a seedling company with a certain scale that produces seedlings. In watermelon, gourd, tomato, pepper, eggplant and other seedlings, the performance is: fast emergence, strong seedlings, green leaves, and water and fertilizer retention. , can reduce the frequency of watering fertilizer and water, and can completely replace the matrix products with peat and vermiculite (or perlite) as the main raw materials.

Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages:

1. The substrate prepared by the present invention has strong water retention, good air permeability, rich nutritional components, and does not contain inorganic substrates.

2. The matrix prepared by the present invention can promote the absorption and utilization of water, fertilizer and air by the seedlings of melons and vegetables, enhance the stress resistance of the seedlings, and is beneficial to the growth and development of seedlings.

3. The matrix prepared by the present invention can completely replace the matrix products on the market with peat as the main raw material. At present, peat is a non-renewable resource with high price and uneven distribution. The matrix made by the invention can not only protect resources, but also reduce the cost of raising seedlings.

4. The matrix prepared by the present invention is sterilized through continuous high-temperature fermentation to ensure that distiller's grains, mushroom dregs, cow dung, biogas residue,

The pathogenic bacteria, pests and their parasite eggs in the crop stalks protect the seedlings from pests and diseases.

5. The source of matrix raw material that the present invention makes is abundant, can take materials locally, after biological fermentation treatment, as long as the quality of the mixed matrix product meets the following requirements: pH value is 5.5～8.0, particle diameter (1mm～5mm) is ≥ 40%, the bulk density is 0.1g/cm3~0.40g/cm3, the total porosity is 60%~80%, the content of organic matter is ≥20%, the mass fraction of total nutrients is ≥2.0%, and the conductivity is ≤1000us/cm. Realize local (local) production, reduce the transportation cost of long-distance transportation of substrate products, and greatly reduce the cost of seedling cultivation.

6. the matrix that the present invention makes is organic composite matrix, does not add any inorganic substance, is different from the organic-inorganic composite matrix of peat and vermiculite (or perlite) that the seedling company commonly used is material, can reduce the generation of inorganic substance Secondary pollution, protect the environment.

7. The substrate raw materials prepared by the present invention are materials such as distiller's grains, mushroom dregs, biogas residues, cow dung, and crop straws, which are different from cottonseed hulls, cotton stalks, straw, peanut shells, mushroom dregs, and carbonized rice Shells, sawdust, sugar slag, reed powder, etc. are used as matrix products. The latter products can only partially replace peat, or still need to add inorganic substances such as vermiculite and perlite.

8. The substrate prepared by the present invention is based on organic solid waste as raw material, which involves the solid waste produced by the breeding industry. After biological fermentation treatment, the substrate product is made according to a certain proportion, which not only turns waste into treasure, but also Provide matrix products for industrial seedlings, and improve the pollution of soil, water and air caused by solid waste, realize the high value-added utilization of solid waste, and promote the virtuous circle development of the breeding industry.

Detailed ways

According to the following examples, the present invention can be better understood, but described examples are in order to explain the present invention better,

Rather than limiting the invention.

Example 1:

An organic composite substrate for growing melon and vegetable seedlings prepared from distiller's grains. After the components are decomposed, they are mixed according to the following volume ratio:

Matrix products distiller's grains Mushroom residue 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 4 1 4 4 3

A method for preparing an organic composite substrate for growing melon and vegetable seedlings prepared from distiller's grains, the steps of which are as follows:

Collect the distiller's grains and mushroom dregs, and crush the distiller's grains and mushroom dregs respectively so that the particle size does not exceed 1cm. The distiller's grains pile and the mushroom residue pile are pretreated as follows: fully rinse the crushed mushroom residue with tap water; add urea to adjust the C/N ratio of the pile to 30:1, increase or decrease the dry and wet materials to adjust the water content 60%, add quicklime to adjust the pH value to 8.0, and the mass fraction of the starter is 0.2%. Then the distiller's grains or mushroom dregs are stacked to form a pile with a bottom width of 2m, a height of 1.2m for the former, and a pile of 1.5m for the latter, a length of 10m for the former, and a pile of 10m for the latter; and ventilation facilities are provided, and the thickness of the surface layer is 2cm. Straw and covered with a layer of plastic film. When the temperature exceeds 65°C for the first time, turn the pile once; during the high-temperature period of composting, the temperature of the pile body should be kept at 62°C, and the high temperature duration of the distiller's grain pile is 15 days, and the high temperature duration of the mushroom residue pile is 6 days, and the pile should be turned every 3 days; When the temperature of the pile body exceeds 65°C, the pile should be turned in time, and the moisture content of the pile should be adjusted to 60%. Stop turning when the temperature does not exceed ±5°C for 48 hours. Spread the distiller's grains into a pile with a thickness of 50 cm and the mushroom dregs with a thickness of 30 cm and continue stacking for 20 days, turning the pile once on the 10th day.

Pour the distiller's grains and mushroom dregs into a blender according to the volume ratio, stir evenly, and test the product quality requirements, which is the organic composite matrix of the present invention.

Example 2:

An organic composite substrate for growing melon and vegetable seedlings prepared from distiller's grains. After the components are decomposed, they are mixed according to the following volume ratio:

Matrix products distiller's grains cow dung 1 1 1 2 1 2

3 3 1 4 3 2

A method for preparing an organic composite substrate for growing melon and vegetable seedlings prepared from distiller's grains, the steps of which are as follows:

Collect the distiller's grains and cow dung, and crush the distiller's grains and cow dung separately so that the particle size does not exceed 1cm. The distiller's grains and cow dung are pretreated as follows: add urea to adjust the C/N ratio to 30:1, increase or decrease dry and wet materials to adjust the water content to 60%, add quicklime to adjust the pH value to 8.0, and the quality of the starter The score is 0.3%. Then the distiller's grains and cow dung piles are respectively made into a heap with a bottom width of 2m, a height of the former of 1.2m, a height of 1.5m, a length of 15m, and a pile of 15m; and supporting ventilation facilities, the surface layer is covered with a thickness of 2cm. Straw and cover with a layer of plastic film. When the temperature exceeds 65°C for the first time, turn the pile once; during the high-temperature period of composting, the temperature of the pile should be kept at 62°C. The high temperature duration of the distiller's grain pile is 15 days, and the high temperature duration of the cow dung pile is 7 days. Turn the pile once every 3 days; When the temperature of the pile exceeds 65°C, the pile should be turned in time, and the moisture content of the pile should be adjusted to 60%. Stop turning when the temperature does not exceed ±5°C for 48 hours. Spread the distiller's grains to a thickness of 50 cm and the cow dung to a thickness of 30 cm and continue stacking for 20 days, turning the pile once on the 10th day.

Pour the distiller's grains and cow dung into the blender according to the volume ratio, stir evenly, and test the product quality requirements, which is the organic composite matrix of the present invention.

Example 3:

An organic composite substrate for growing melon and vegetable seedlings prepared from distiller's grains. After the components are decomposed, they are mixed according to the following volume ratio:

Matrix products distiller's grains Biogas residue crop straw 1 9 2 1 2 9 3 2 3 9 4 1 4 9 4 2

A method for preparing an organic composite substrate for growing melon and vegetable seedlings prepared from distiller's grains, the steps of which are as follows:

Collect distiller's grains, biogas residues, and crop straws, and crush the distiller's grains, biogas residues, and crop straws so that the particle size or length does not exceed 1 cm. The distiller's grain heap, biogas residue and crop straw heap are pretreated as follows: add urea to adjust the C/N ratio to 30:1, increase or decrease dry and wet materials to adjust the water content to 60%, add quicklime to adjust the pH value 8.0, the dosage of leavening agent is 0.3%. Then the distiller's grains, biogas residues, and crop straws are piled into piles with a bottom width of 2m and a height of 1.5m. 2cm of straw and covered with a layer of plastic film. When the temperature exceeds 65°C for the first time, turn the pile once; during the high temperature period of composting, the temperature of the pile body should be kept at 62°C, in which the high temperature duration of the distiller's grain pile is 15 days, the high temperature duration of the biogas residue pile is 6 days, and the high temperature duration of the crop straw is 6 days , turning once every 3 days; when the temperature of the pile body exceeds 65°C, it should be turned in time, and the moisture content of the pile should be adjusted to 60%; during the cooling period of the compost, when the temperature of the pile body is lower than 55°C, turn the pile once every 10 days; When the difference between the temperature of the pile body and the ambient temperature does not exceed ±5°C for 48 hours in a row, stop turning the pile. The distiller's grains were spread out to form a heap with a thickness of 50 cm, a biogas residue of 30 cm, and a crop straw of 30 cm, and continued to stack for 20 days, turning the pile once on the 10th day.

Pour distiller's grains, biogas residues and crop straws into a blender according to the volume ratio, stir evenly, and test product quality requirements to prepare an organic composite substrate suitable for growing melon and vegetable seedlings.

Example 4:

The matrix obtained according to the present invention is applied to the seedling cultivation of tomato, capsicum, watermelon and gourd respectively, with the conventional substrate adopted in the industrialized seedling cultivation, i.e. the matrix of imported peat and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 2:1, as a contrast, compare Seedling effect.

See Table 1 for the seedling raising effect of the substrate prepared by the present invention on tomato; see Table 2 for the seedling raising effect on pepper; see Table 3 for the seedling raising effect on watermelon; see Table 4 for the seedling raising effect on gourd.

The substrate of the present invention system of table 1 is to the seedling raising effect of tomato (seedling age 45d)

The seedling raising effect (seedling age 55d) of the substrate of table 2 the present invention system to capsicum

The substrate of table 3 the present invention system is to the seedling raising effect of watermelon (seedling age 40d)

The substrate of table 4 the present invention system is to the seedling raising effect of gourd (seedling age 42d)

Claims (1)

1. utilize the melon raise seedling organic composite substratd that vinasse are prepared, it is characterized in that: each component become thoroughly decomposed after volume ratio be vinasse: cow dung=1 ~ 3: 1 ~ 2;

The preparation method of described melon raise seedling organic composite substratd, the steps include:

1) material collection: collect vinasse, cow dung;

Described vinasse are: distillers ' grains and brewer's grains, are derived from the byproduct of brewing spirit and beer respectively;

2) pulverize: raw material length or diameter carry out pulverization process more than during 2cm, and the length after pulverizing or diameter are no more than 1cm;

3) pre-treatment: remove bulky material and mechanical impurity; The raw material that length or diameter are no more than 1cm is watered, controlling water content is 55% ~ 65%, adding urea regulates the C/N ratio of raw material to be 20: 1 ~ 30: 1, adding unslaked lime regulates the pH value of raw material to be 5.5 ~ 8.0, add the starter that massfraction is 0.1% ~ 0.3% again, stir, carry out fermentation reactor system and prepare;

Described starter is: conventional decomposing agent;

4) become thoroughly decomposed: after pretreatment, it is 2m that Jiang Qidui makes bottom width to raw material, is highly 1.2m ~ 1.5m, the heap body that length is not limit, the supporting ventilation facility in bottom, and the straw that thickness is 2cm is covered on top layer, and adds a cover layer of plastic film, ferments respectively; When temperature is more than 65 DEG C, turning once; The compost pliotherm period, heap temperature keeps 55 DEG C ~ 65 DEG C, and the time length must not be less than 5d, and every 2d ~ 5d turning once; Turning when heap temperature is more than 65 DEG C, and regulate water content to 55% ~ 65% of windrow; Compost cooldown period, when heap temperature is lower than 55 DEG C, every 10d turning is once; Windrow temperature and the continuous 48h of ambient temperature differences be no more than ± 5 DEG C time, stop turning, then the heap body that the airing of heap body becomes 30cm ~ 50cm thick continued the 20d ~ 30d that banks up, every 10d turning 1 time, for subsequent use;

5) matrix composition: the raw material after fermentation is according to volume ratio vinasse: cow dung=1 ~ 3: 1 ~ 2 at the substrate products of blending machine stirring and evenly mixing, and described substrate products is melon raise seedling organic composite substratd;

6) quality inspection: the substrate products after even to mixture is sampled, and the quality index of substrate products meets following requirement: pH value is 5.5 ~ 8.0, and particle diameter 1mm ~ 5mm is>=40%, and unit weight is 0.1g/cm ³~ 0.40g/cm ³, total porosity is 60% ~ 80%, organic content>=20%, massfraction>=2.0% of total nutrient, specific conductivity≤1000us/cm;

The content of described organic matter is: the content of organic carbon in baking substrate, is multiplied by coefficient 1.724, is organic content;

Described total nutrient is: the summation of nitrogenous in baking substrate, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and potassium oxide three massfraction.