CN105027951A - Method for culturing cacti on saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for culturing cacti on saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing cacti on saline-alkali soil. The method includes the steps that phosphorus gypsum powder is evenly applied on the surface of the saline-alkali soil, and then rotary tillage is conducted; a thin film is taken away after the saline-alkali soil is covered with the thin film for a period of time and leaching is conducted; then, compost, mushroom bran and oil cakes are applied evenly on the saline-alkali soil; after compartment opening is conducted on the saline-alkali soil for a period of time, a layer of river sand is evenly laid on the compartment surface, then cactus pieces are planted on the compartment surface in a cottage mode, and later-period management is conducted. According to the method, the saline-alkali soil used for planting cacti is processed, it can be guaranteed that the cacti grow vigorously on the processed saline-alkali soil, and growth of the cactus can improve the saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improving technology field in saline land, specifically, relate to a kind of method of cultivating Indian fig on saline land.
Background technology
Saline land be saline land with alkali ground general name.Solonchak mainly refers to chloride or the higher salinization soil of sulphate, and soil is in alkalescence, but pH value is not necessarily very high.Refer to carbonate containing or heavy phosphatic soil, pH value is higher, and soil is in alkalescence alkali.The content of organic matter in saline land is few, and soil fertility is low, and physicochemical character is poor, and the anions and canons harmful to crop is many, and crop is short seedling not easily.The area in saline land, the whole world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, and wherein China is 9,913 ten thousand hectares.The formation of China's alkali ground and alkali-affected soil, major part is accumulative relevant with Carbonates In Soil, and thus basicity is general higher, and serious saline land regional plant almost can not be survived.The salinization of soil in soil has been worldwide ecological problem, and the saline Land degree in current global range is obvious ascendant trend, and the salinization of soil in soil has become the important limiting factor of world agriculture sustainable development.For the improvement in saline land, conventional method has: 1, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, and the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is poured into water in saline land exactly, and soil salt is dissolved, by under being oozed and be discharged in deep soil or drip washing is gone out saline and alkaline for the solubility in topsoil, infiltration drain ditch, side is got rid of; 2, level land, level land under can making uniform moisture and ooze, improve the effect that rainfall is drenched salt and irrigated the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, prevent the salination of soil plaque-like; 3, rake the soil level, the table soil that can loosen of raking the soil level, blocks soil capillary water and carries salinity to earth's surface, play the effect preventing the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in good time; 4, applying organic manure, rational use of chemical fertilizer, fertilizer forms humus through microbial decomposition, conversion, can improve the buffer capacity of soil, and can form sodium humate with sodium carbonate effect, reduces surface soil alkalinity.5, effectively can improve soil with saline land special-purpose soil conditioner " solodization ".
Ardealite is the accessory substance in production process of phosphoric acid, often produce one ton of phosphorus pentoxide by-product, five tons of ardealites, utilization at present for ardealite mainly contains four aspects, 1, phosphoric acid cream is used for backfill pit, fill mine working with ardealite, fill cost and account for 1/5 of mining cost, not only saved filling cost, and improve utilization of three wastes rate, decrease environmental pollution.But, due to factors such as ardealite gelling agent casting resin viscosity is high, sedimentation fast, condensation is fast, many, the easy pluggings of fine grained, difficult cleanings; 2, by the agent of ardealite production Flocculated Cement, the crystal habit of ardealite is identical with the plaster of paris, for prismatic or cylindricality plate crystal, chemical composition and plaster of paris composition basic simlarity, but due to containing solubility phosphorus pentoxide, phosphate, soluble fluoride, insoluble phosphorus pentoxide and organic impurities etc., the hydration time of cement can be extended, reduce early strength and extend setting time, therefore ardealite directly can not be used as the set retarder of cement; 3, by ardealite sulphur ammonium and calcium carbonate, the method utilizes ammonia and carbonic acid gas that ardealite is changed into sulphur ammonium and calcium carbonate, and the quality requirement of the method to ardealite is higher, and production procedure is long, and investment is large; 4, ardealite is used for improve basic soil, containing phosphorus pentoxide in ardealite, cause ardealite aobvious acid, its pH value is 1.5 ~ 4.5, can be used to the alkalescence in sweetening of the soil, and the compositions such as the phosphorus contained in ardealite, iron, magnesium, silicon, zinc, sulphur and the calcium nutritive element that to be plant growth necessary.
Ardealite is utilized and improves saline land, after ardealite is manured into soil, can be the solubility calcium that soil provides sufficient, sodium ion in colloidal complex is replaced out, thus the basicity in reduction soil, promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, reduce the pH value of soil, increase the infiltration capacity of soil.At present, adopting and using separately ardealite to improve saline land method is applied after in saline land by ardealite, carry out leaching process immediately, the method can improve the soil structure in saline land to a certain extent, but it is consuming time longer, general needs two triennium ability Planting Crops, and use ardealite process on slight alkaline land after, the germination rate of crops is still lower and later stage growing way is bad.Someone utilizes ardealite to be mixed with into modifying agent with flyash, humus and high nitrogen fertilizer material etc., and the effect obtained is better than using separately ardealite, but high expensive, and effect is still not good enough.Be soil conditioner of producing of raw material and production and preparation method thereof as the application number application for a patent for invention that is 201210522182.X discloses with ardealite, this modifying agent has ardealite, humus, ferrous sulfate, urea and sulfuric acid to be mixed, and it has improves soil structure, adjustment soil pH, characteristic such as activation soil nutrient elements and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil calcium, sulphur, iron and zinc etc. to a certain extent.But this modifying agent cost is relatively high, lower to the adjustment force of soil pH.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of cultivating Indian fig on saline land, after the method adopts ardealite to carry out pretreatment to saline land, process with oil cake and compost again, thus the soil structure in effective improvement saline land, reduction soil pH, thus realize cultivating Indian fig on saline land.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned technique effect particular by following technical scheme.
Saline land is cultivated a method for Indian fig, comprises the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: drying to its moisture by ardealite is after 3 ~ 7%, sends in cracker to pulverize and obtains phosphogypsum powder;
(2) compost: after phosphogypsum powder, sheep excrement, wormcast being mixed with natural pond slag, stacks process 80 ~ 120 days, in stacking process, within every 3 ~ 5 days, stirs once, obtains compost;
(3) saline land pretreatment: first regulate the moisture in saline land to be 40 ~ 50%, then phosphogypsum powder is executed at saline land surface uniform, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 300 ~ 1000kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, cover film after 14 ~ 30 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(4) wholely: even compost, bacterium chaff and oil cake in the saline land in step (3) after process, the amount of application of compost, bacterium chaff and oil cake is respectively 800 ~ 1500kg/ mu, 400 ~ 600kg/ mu and 500 ~ 800kg/ mu, then railway carriage or compartment is opened by wide 1 ~ 1.5m, and make railway carriage or compartment face width be 1.1 ~ 1.3m, wide 0.4 ~ the 0.6m of pavement, face, railway carriage or compartment exceeds pavement 0.1 ~ 0.2m;
(5) cuttage: after terminating 15 ~ 30 days wholely, tile in face, railway carriage or compartment one deck river sand, then the moisture of soil on face, railway carriage or compartment is adjusted to 30 ~ 40%, then the position sharp sword of succulent stem of cactus semi-lignified is selected to cut off along base portion, dry local airing 5 ~ 7 days are placed on after the sterilization of otch limewash, then by the Indian fig sheet cuttage of cutting on face, railway carriage or compartment, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/3 of Indian fig sheet height;
(6) final-period management: a. waters: the moisture keeping face, railway carriage or compartment of watering is 20 ~ 50%; B. weeding: the weeds that face, railway carriage or compartment grows is cut off; C. apply fertilizer: 1 annual ~ March, mu executes the mixing fertilizer 1000 ~ 1200kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde, potassium nitrate and farmyard manure; 9 annual ~ November, mu executes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate and barnyard manure 800 ~ 1000kg; D. the extermination of disease and insect pest: when finding that Indian fig plant is ill, spray insecticide prevent and treat diseased plant, when finding that diseased plant is rotted serious, is pulled out; E. pluck: plant grows the 4th layer of stem sheet and starts to pluck again, the 4th layer of stem sheet growth can be plucked for 20 ~ 40 days.
The fineness of described phosphogypsum powder is 60 ~ 200 orders.
The weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder, sheep excrement, wormcast and natural pond slag is (20 ~ 30): (60 ~ 80): (10 ~ 20): (80 ~ 100).
In described step (3), for slight alkaline land, the consumption of phosphogypsum powder is 300 ~ 600kg/ mu, and for moderate saline-alkali soil, the consumption of phosphogypsum powder is 600 ~ 1000kg/ mu.
In described step (4), for slight alkaline land, the amount of application of compost, bacterium chaff and oil cake is respectively 800 ~ 1000kg/ mu, 400 ~ 500kg/ mu and 500 ~ 600kg/ mu, for moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of compost, bacterium chaff and oil cake is respectively 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu, 500 ~ 600kg/ mu and 600 ~ 800kg/ mu.
The planting density of described Indian fig is 1800 ~ 2200 plants/acre.
The weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder, sheep excrement, wormcast and natural pond slag is (20 ~ 30): (60 ~ 80): (10 ~ 20): 1000.
The weight ratio of described potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate and barnyard manure is (30 ~ 50): (10 ~ 20): 1000.
Described dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde, potassium nitrate and farmyard manure (40 ~ 60): (10 ~ 20): (20 ~ 40): 100.
In described oil cake containing organic 75 ~ 85%, nitrogen 1.1 ~ 7.0%, phosphorus pentoxide 0.4 ~ 3.0%, potassium oxide 0.9 ~ 2.1%, protein be 1.5 ~ 3.7%, raw fiber 6 ~ 10.7%, calcium 0.8 ~ 11%, choline 0.27 ~ 0.70%, nicotinic acid 0.6 ~ 1.2% and other vitamin substances 1.3 ~ 2.0.
In described bacterium chaff containing crude protein be 9.0 ~ 11.0%, raw fiber 6.0 ~ 7.0%, crude fat 0.1 ~ 0.2%, nitrogen free extract 45 ~ 50%, calcium 3.0 ~ 3.5%, phosphorus 2.0 ~ 3.0%, lysine 1.0 ~ 1.5%, tryptophan 0.5 ~ 0.8%, methionine ten cystine 1. ~ 1.5% and coarse ash 8.0 ~ 10.0%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. the present invention is by first regulating the moisture in saline land, again by after the table in ardealite and saline land soil Homogeneous phase mixing, overlay film moisturizing a period of time, make sodium bicarbonate free in ardealite and soil, sodium carbonate fully reacts, generate calcium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate and sodium sulphate are to reduce surface soil alkalinity, sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by calcium ion, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, reduce P in soil H value, activate soil nutrient elements activity and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil etc., and promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, increase the infiltration capacity of soil, and then carry out leaching process again, moisture can penetrate in soil smoothly, the harmful ions such as the sodium ion in soil are taken away, the content of sodium ion in soil is made to reduce by more than 50%, greatly reduce the salinization of soil degree in saline land.
2. the present invention processes by phosphogypsum powder, sheep excrement, wormcast being mixed to stack with natural pond slag, and ardealite reduces CO in composting process
2, CH
4and N
2the discharge capacity of O, effectively raises the fertilizer efficiency of compost, and sheep excrement, wormcast and natural pond slag muck is put the amount reproduction processing and can promote microorganism, provides a large amount of microbial cells to saline land.
3. the present invention is by adopting ardealite to after the pretreatment of saline land, compost and oil cake is used again in saline land, the protein contained in oil cake, raw fiber, nicotinic acid and other vitamin substances can make microorganism Fast-propagation, and the vital movement of microorganism can effectively reduce alkaline land soil pH value.Moreover, also containing materials such as a large amount of organic matters in oil cake, occur to act synergistically widely with ardealite, soil can be improved, increase fertility, help to increase the space that air and water can be allowed to enter, decompose mineral and produce plant necessary nitrogen, sulphur, potassium and phosphorus.
4. Indian fig has extremely strong cold-resistant, drought-enduring, resistance to shade, impoverishment tolerant, the water-fast characteristic such as wet, and finds through research, and Indian fig can absorb a large amount of salinities from saline land, stores in body for its physiological activity needs after dilution.The present invention is by after processing saline land, Indian fig is planted again with this saline land, riotous growth on Indian fig saline land after treatment can be guaranteed, and the growth of Indian fig, the formation of soil aggregate can be promoted, improve the physicochemical property of soil, organic matter in soil and available nitrogen are increased, reduces the content of salinity in soil, moreover, plantation Indian fig can also obtain Indian fig fruit and Indian fig rhizome, obtains good economic benefit.
5. primary raw material ardealite of the present invention, oil cake, sheep excrement and natural pond slag etc. are not only cheap, and wide material sources, particularly ardealite and oil cake are used, effectively can solve the stacking of ardealite and oil cake and the Cost Problems brought and problem of environmental pollution.
Test is adopted to verify beneficial effect of the present invention below:
Ardealite used is the ardealite that Xifeng Heavy Calcium Factory, Kailin Group. Guizhou produces, the content of its calcium sulphate dihydrate is 67.8%, the content of total phosphorus pentoxide is 6.1%, the content of solubility phosphorus pentoxide is 0.44%, magnesian content is 0.39%, the content of fluorine ion is 0.31%, and pH value is 3.7.In oil cake used containing organic 81%, nitrogen 4.5%, phosphorus pentoxide 2.3%, potassium oxide 1.9%, protein be 2.7%, raw fiber 6.8%, calcium 3.1%, choline 0.39%, nicotinic acid 0.9% and other vitamin substances 1.6.With the saline land on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County for experimental field, it is 0.42% that its 0 ~ 20cm shows native total salt content, measures its ion component content, and wherein, pH acidometer measures, and EC value conductivity gauge measures; Ca
2+and Mg
2+mensuration adopt EDTA titration; K
+and Na
+measure and adopt flame spectrometry; HCO
3 -and CO
3 2-adopt Dual-indicator neutralization titration; Cl
-mensuration adopt silver nitrate titration method; SO
4 2-mensuration adopt the method for EDTA indirect compleximetric determination.Measurement result is as table 1, and following table result is the mean value of 3 replications.
Table 1 soil ion composition analysis
Wherein, total amount percentage refers to the percentage that anion accounts for total anion total amount, and cation accounts for the percentage of cation total amount.
Test one
Divided into groups this experimental field, the area often organizing experimental field is 300m2, and processing method is as follows:
The different leaching time of table 2 is on the impact of experimental field
As can be seen from the table, leaching again after aluminum coated steel a period of time, not only in the pH value reducing soil to a greater extent, and can significantly can reduce the total salt content of soil.Test shows: after using ardealite, overlay film carries out leaching in 14 days again, the decline of soil pH value and total salt content is the most obvious, and along with the increase of overlay film time, and the amount of the slippage of soil pH value and total salt content and overlay film 14 days leaching does not again have much changes.
Test two:
Divided into groups experimental field, the area often organizing experimental field is 300m
2, processing method is as follows:
Table 3 different phosphate gypsum amount of application is to the improved effect in saline land
As can be seen from the above table, when the amount of application of ardealite is less than 600kg/ mu, its soil pH value and total salt content decline very fast, and the amount of application of ardealite is when being greater than 600kg/ mu, the degree change that soil pH value and total salt content decline is little, therefore, when the amount of application of ardealite is 600 ~ 1000kg/ mu, best results.
Test three
Divided into groups experimental field, the area often organizing experimental field is 300m
2, processing method is as follows:
Table 4 different ratios of raw materials is to the improved effect in saline land
In table 4, some test procedure does not provide in detail, and the test procedure do not provided in detail all adopts method of the present invention to process, and the processing method of experimental group one to experimental group eight is the same.As can be seen from Table 4, use separately ardealite and process saline land, the survival rate of Indian fig cutting is lower; The effect executing ardealite and compost treatment is better than executing separately ardealite, but effect is undesirable; Execute that ardealite and oil cake process saline land, effect is than executing the good of ardealite and compost, but still undesirable; Execute ardealite, compost and oil cake to process saline land, effectiveness comparison is desirable.
What illustrate is, several test examples that above-mentioned experiment is only used to verify beneficial effect of the present invention and enumerates, the test done to complete the present invention is far above in this, simultaneously, above-mentioned test just illustrates, does not form any pro forma restriction of the present invention.
Embodiment
Conveniently those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.Embodiment is only illustrating this invention, is not limitation of the invention, and the step not doing in embodiment to illustrate is all prior arts, is not described in detail at this.
Embodiment one
Saline land is cultivated a method for Indian fig, comprises the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: drying to its moisture by ardealite is after 3%, sends in cracker and pulverizes, and obtaining fineness is 60 object phosphogypsum powders;
(2) compost: after phosphogypsum powder, sheep excrement, wormcast are mixed with natural pond slag, the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder, sheep excrement, wormcast and natural pond slag is 20:60:10:80, stacks process 80 days, in stacking process, within every 3 days, stir once, obtain compost;
(3) saline land pretreatment: planting site is the saline land on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County, the table soil total salt content that its 0 ~ 20cm is dark is 0.17%, pH value is 8.1, first the moisture in saline land is regulated to be 40%, then execute phosphogypsum powder at saline land surface uniform, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 300kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process, cover film after 14 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(4) wholely: even compost, bacterium chaff and oil cake in the saline land in step (3) after process, the amount of application of compost, bacterium chaff and oil cake is respectively 800kg/ mu, 400kg/ mu and 500kg/ mu, then railway carriage or compartment is opened by wide 1m, and make railway carriage or compartment face width be 1.1m, the wide 0.4m of pavement, face, railway carriage or compartment exceeds pavement 0.1m;
(5) cuttage: after terminating 15 days wholely, tile in face, railway carriage or compartment one deck river sand, then the moisture of soil on face, railway carriage or compartment is adjusted to 30%, then the position sharp sword of succulent stem of cactus semi-lignified is selected to cut off along base portion, dry local airing 5 days are placed on after the sterilization of otch limewash, then by the Indian fig sheet cuttage of cutting on face, railway carriage or compartment, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/3 of Indian fig sheet height;
(6) final-period management: a. waters: the moisture keeping face, railway carriage or compartment of watering is 20%; B. weeding: the weeds that face, railway carriage or compartment grows is cut off; C. apply fertilizer: annual January, mu executes the fertile 1000kg of mixing of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde, potassium nitrate and farmyard manure, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde, potassium nitrate and farmyard manure 40:10:20:100; In annual September, mu executes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate and barnyard manure 800kg, and the weight ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate and barnyard manure is 30:10:1000; D. the extermination of disease and insect pest: when finding that Indian fig plant is ill, spray insecticide prevent and treat diseased plant, when finding that diseased plant is rotted serious, is pulled out; E. pluck: plant grows the 4th layer of stem sheet and starts to pluck again, and the 4th layer of stem sheet grows 20 days and can pluck.
Through statistics, adopt the method on this saline land, cultivate Indian fig, the survival rate of cutting is 99%, high yield period output reach more than 1420 slices/mu.
Embodiment two
Saline land is cultivated a method for Indian fig, comprises the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: drying to its moisture by ardealite is after 7%, sends in cracker and pulverizes, and obtaining fineness is 200 object phosphogypsum powders;
(2) compost: after phosphogypsum powder, sheep excrement, wormcast are mixed with natural pond slag, the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder, sheep excrement, wormcast and natural pond slag is 30:80:20:100, stacks process 120 days, in stacking process, within every 5 days, stir once, obtain compost;
(3) saline land pretreatment: planting site is the saline land on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County, the table soil total salt content that its 0 ~ 20cm is dark is 0.26%, pH value is 8.4, first the moisture in saline land is regulated to be 50%, then execute phosphogypsum powder at saline land surface uniform, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 600kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process, cover film after 30 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(4) wholely: even compost, bacterium chaff and oil cake in the saline land in step (3) after process, the amount of application of compost, bacterium chaff and oil cake is respectively 1000kg/ mu, 500kg/ mu and 600kg/ mu, then railway carriage or compartment is opened by wide 1.2m, and make railway carriage or compartment face width be 1.2m, the wide 0.5m of pavement, face, railway carriage or compartment exceeds pavement 0.1m;
(5) cuttage: after terminating 18 days wholely, tile in face, railway carriage or compartment one deck river sand, then the moisture of soil on face, railway carriage or compartment is adjusted to 35%, then the position sharp sword of succulent stem of cactus semi-lignified is selected to cut off along base portion, dry local airing 6 days are placed on after the sterilization of otch limewash, then by the Indian fig sheet cuttage of cutting on face, railway carriage or compartment, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/3 of Indian fig sheet height;
(6) final-period management: a. waters: the moisture keeping face, railway carriage or compartment of watering is 4%; B. weeding: the weeds that face, railway carriage or compartment grows is cut off; C. apply fertilizer: annual February, mu executes the fertile 1100kg of mixing of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde, potassium nitrate and farmyard manure, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde, potassium nitrate and farmyard manure 50:15:30:100; In annual October, mu executes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate and barnyard manure 900kg, and the weight ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate and barnyard manure is 40:15:1000; D. the extermination of disease and insect pest: when finding that Indian fig plant is ill, spray insecticide prevent and treat diseased plant, when finding that diseased plant is rotted serious, is pulled out; E. pluck: plant grows the 4th layer of stem sheet and starts to pluck again, and the 4th layer of stem sheet grows 30 days and can pluck.
Through statistics, adopt the method on this saline land, cultivate Indian fig, the survival rate of cutting is 100%, high yield period output reach more than 1416 slices/mu.
Embodiment three
Saline land is cultivated a method for Indian fig, comprises the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: drying to its moisture by ardealite is after 7%, sends in cracker and pulverizes, and obtaining fineness is 80 object phosphogypsum powders;
(2) compost: after phosphogypsum powder, sheep excrement, wormcast are mixed with natural pond slag, the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder, sheep excrement, wormcast and natural pond slag is 25:70:15:90, stacks process 100 days, in stacking process, within every 4 days, stir once, obtain compost;
(3) saline land pretreatment: planting site is the saline land on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County, the table soil total salt content that its 0 ~ 20cm is dark is 0.37%, pH value is 8.6, first the moisture in saline land is regulated to be 50%, then execute phosphogypsum powder at saline land surface uniform, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 1000kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process, cover film after 30 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(4) wholely: even compost, bacterium chaff and oil cake in the saline land in step (3) after process, the amount of application of compost, bacterium chaff and oil cake is respectively 1500kg/ mu, 600kg/ mu and 800kg/ mu, then railway carriage or compartment is opened by wide 1.5m, and make railway carriage or compartment face width be 1.3m, the wide 0.6m of pavement, face, railway carriage or compartment exceeds pavement 0.2m;
(5) cuttage: after terminating 30 days wholely, tile in face, railway carriage or compartment one deck river sand, then the moisture of soil on face, railway carriage or compartment is adjusted to 40%, then the position sharp sword of succulent stem of cactus semi-lignified is selected to cut off along base portion, dry local airing 7 days are placed on after the sterilization of otch limewash, then by the Indian fig sheet cuttage of cutting on face, railway carriage or compartment, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/3 of Indian fig sheet height;
(6) final-period management: a. waters: the moisture keeping face, railway carriage or compartment of watering is 50%; B. weeding: the weeds that face, railway carriage or compartment grows is cut off; C. apply fertilizer: annual March, mu executes the fertile 1200kg of mixing of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde, potassium nitrate and farmyard manure, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde, potassium nitrate and farmyard manure 60:20:40:100; In annual November, mu executes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate and barnyard manure 1000kg, and the weight ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate and barnyard manure is 50:20:1000; D. the extermination of disease and insect pest: when finding that Indian fig plant is ill, spray insecticide prevent and treat diseased plant, when finding that diseased plant is rotted serious, is pulled out; E. pluck: plant grows the 4th layer of stem sheet and starts to pluck again, and the 4th layer of stem sheet grows 40 days and can pluck.
Through statistics, adopt the method on this saline land, cultivate Indian fig, the survival rate of cutting is 98%, high yield period output reach more than 1340 slices/mu.
The above, it is only better example of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, anyly do not depart from technical solution of the present invention content, the any simple modification done above example according to technical spirit of the present invention, coversion material equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. on saline land, cultivate a method for Indian fig, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: drying to its moisture by ardealite is after 3 ~ 7%, sends in cracker to pulverize and obtains phosphogypsum powder;
(2) compost: after phosphogypsum powder, sheep excrement, wormcast being mixed with natural pond slag, stacks process 80 ~ 120 days, in stacking process, within every 3 ~ 5 days, stirs once, obtains compost;
(3) saline land pretreatment: first regulate the moisture in saline land to be 40 ~ 50%, then phosphogypsum powder is executed at saline land surface uniform, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 300 ~ 1000kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, cover film after 14 ~ 30 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(4) wholely: even compost, bacterium chaff and oil cake in the saline land in step (3) after process, the amount of application of compost, bacterium chaff and oil cake is respectively 800 ~ 1500kg/ mu, 400 ~ 600kg/ mu and 500 ~ 800kg/ mu, then railway carriage or compartment is opened by wide 1 ~ 1.5m, and make railway carriage or compartment face width be 1.1 ~ 1.3m, wide 0.4 ~ the 0.6m of pavement, face, railway carriage or compartment exceeds pavement 0.1 ~ 0.2m;
(5) cuttage: after terminating 15 ~ 30 days wholely, tile in face, railway carriage or compartment one deck river sand, then the moisture of soil on face, railway carriage or compartment is adjusted to 30 ~ 40%, then the position sharp sword of succulent stem of cactus semi-lignified is selected to cut off along base portion, dry local airing 5 ~ 7 days are placed on after the sterilization of otch limewash, then by the Indian fig sheet cuttage of cutting on face, railway carriage or compartment, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/3 of Indian fig sheet height;
(6) final-period management: a. waters: the moisture keeping face, railway carriage or compartment of watering is 20 ~ 50%; B. weeding: the weeds that face, railway carriage or compartment grows is cut off; C. apply fertilizer: 1 annual ~ March, mu executes the mixing fertilizer 1000 ~ 1200kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde, potassium nitrate and farmyard manure; 9 annual ~ November, mu executes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate and barnyard manure 800 ~ 1000kg; D. the extermination of disease and insect pest: when finding that Indian fig plant is ill, spray insecticide prevent and treat diseased plant, when finding that diseased plant is rotted serious, is pulled out; E. pluck: plant grows the 4th layer of stem sheet and starts to pluck again, the 4th layer of stem sheet growth can be plucked for 20 ~ 40 days.
2. on saline land, cultivate the method for Indian fig as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the fineness of described phosphogypsum powder is 60 ~ 200 orders.
3. on saline land, cultivate the method for Indian fig as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder, sheep excrement, wormcast and natural pond slag is (20 ~ 30): (60 ~ 80): (10 ~ 20): (80 ~ 100).
4. on saline land, cultivate the method for Indian fig as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (3), for slight alkaline land, the consumption of phosphogypsum powder is 300 ~ 600kg/ mu, and for moderate saline-alkali soil, the consumption of phosphogypsum powder is 600 ~ 1000kg/ mu.
5. on saline land, cultivate the method for Indian fig as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (4), for slight alkaline land, the amount of application of compost, bacterium chaff and oil cake is respectively 800 ~ 1000kg/ mu, 400 ~ 500kg/ mu and 500 ~ 600kg/ mu, for moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of compost, bacterium chaff and oil cake is respectively 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu, 500 ~ 600kg/ mu and 600 ~ 800kg/ mu.
6. on saline land, cultivate the method for Indian fig as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the planting density of described Indian fig is 1800 ~ 2200 plants/acre.
7. on saline land, cultivate the method for Indian fig as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder, sheep excrement, wormcast and natural pond slag is (20 ~ 30): (60 ~ 80): (10 ~ 20): 1000.
8. on saline land, cultivate the method for Indian fig as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate and barnyard manure is (30 ~ 50): (10 ~ 20): 1000.
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