CN104995147A - 具有热辐射反射涂层的窗玻璃 - Google Patents
具有热辐射反射涂层的窗玻璃 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104995147A CN104995147A CN201380073460.0A CN201380073460A CN104995147A CN 104995147 A CN104995147 A CN 104995147A CN 201380073460 A CN201380073460 A CN 201380073460A CN 104995147 A CN104995147 A CN 104995147A
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- Prior art keywords
- window glass
- nanometers
- nanometer
- oxide
- coating
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Links
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- MRNHPUHPBOKKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;tin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[In].[Sn] MRNHPUHPBOKKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 hafnium nitride Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000588731 Hafnia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Hf]=O CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitride Chemical compound [Zr]#N ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007717 ZnSnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
- C03C17/3429—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating
- C03C17/3435—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating comprising a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
- C03C17/3417—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials all coatings being oxide coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
- C03C17/3429—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating
- C03C17/3482—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating comprising silicon, hydrogenated silicon or a silicide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/0021—Reactive sputtering or evaporation
- C23C14/0036—Reactive sputtering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有热辐射反射涂层的窗玻璃，其包含至少一个基板(1)和至少在基板(1)的内侧表面上的至少一个热辐射反射涂层(2)，其中所述窗玻璃具有小于5%的在可见光谱范围内的透射率，且从基板(1)开始，涂层(2)包含至少：一个含有至少一种具有小于1.8的折光指数的材料的粘合层(3)，一个含有至少一种透明导电氧化物的功能层(4)，一个含有至少一种具有大于或等于1.8的折光指数的材料的光学高折射层(5)，和一个含有至少一种具有小于1.8的折光指数的材料的光学低折射层(6)。
Description
本发明涉及具有热辐射反射涂层的窗玻璃、其制造方法及其用途。
汽车内部在夏季因高的环境温度和强直射阳光而变得非常热。当外部温度低于车内温度时（这特别在冬季出现），冷的窗玻璃充当热沉（Waermesenke），这被乘客认为不舒服。还必须提供气候控制系统的高加热性能以防止内部透过车窗过度变冷。
热辐射反射涂层（所谓的“低E涂层”）是已知的。这种涂层反射很大部分的太阳光，特别是在红外范围内，这在夏季使得车内的升温降低。此外，在面向车内的窗玻璃表面上施加该涂层时，该涂层使得变热的窗玻璃较少地向车内散发长波热辐射。此外，在冬季的低室外温度的情况下，这种涂层降低从内部向外散热到外部环境中。
大量热辐射反射涂层是本领域技术人员已知的。这种涂层可含有如例如US7592068B2、US7923131B2和WO2004076174A1中公开的由铌、钽、镍、铬、锆或其合金制成的功能层。该涂层还可含有如例如从EP 877 006 B1、EP 1 047 644 B1和EP 1 917 222 B1中获知的银制功能层。此外，也从例如EP2141135A1、WO2010115558A1,和WO2011105991A1中获知具有由氧化铟锡制成的功能层的涂层。
出于美观或热原因，希望车窗玻璃具有降低的透光率。这是例如后侧窗、后窗或车顶盖的常见情况。通常对这样的窗玻璃使用有色玻璃。但是，重着色玻璃具有内侧反射水平比透射率水平高的缺点。尽管从外面看，较低透射率确保隐私性的所需提高，但对汽车乘员而言光学印象变差。特别在内侧反射水平高于透射率水平时，干扰了乘员对外部环境的感知。此外，过强的反射对乘员具有困扰或烦人的作用。当窗玻璃的内侧表面带有热辐射反射涂层时，无法借助传统的减反射涂层以简单方式降低反射，因为这两个涂层通常在光学上互不相容，因此不能简单合并。
本发明的目的在于提供改进的具有热辐射反射涂层的窗玻璃及其制造方法。该窗玻璃应具有降低的内侧反射及低透光率。
根据本发明由根据权利要求1的具有热辐射反射涂层的窗玻璃实现本发明的目的。优选实施方案出自从属权利要求。
本发明的具有热辐射反射涂层的窗玻璃包含至少一个基板和至少在基板的内侧表面上的至少一个热辐射反射涂层，其中所述窗玻璃具有小于5%的在可见光谱范围内的透射率且其中所述涂层包含，从基板开始，至少
- 含有至少一种具有小于1.8的折光指数的材料的粘合层，
- 含有至少一种透明导电氧化物（TCO）的功能层，
- 含有至少一种具有大于或等于1.8的折光指数的材料的光学高折射层，和
- 含有至少一种具有小于1.8的折光指数的材料的光学低折射层。
在例如汽车或建筑物的开口中提供本发明的窗玻璃以将内室与外部环境分开。在窗玻璃的安装好的状态下要朝向内部的表面在本发明中被称作内侧表面。本发明的涂层根据本发明布置在基板的内侧表面上。这对内部的热舒适性特别有利。本发明的涂层在高外部温度和太阳光的情况下可以特别有效地至少部分反射整个玻璃板向内散发的热辐射。在低外部温度的情况下，本发明的涂层可以有效地反射从内部发出的热辐射并因此降低冷的窗玻璃的热沉效应。
本发明的巨大优点在于具有极低透光率的窗玻璃与本发明的热辐射反射涂层的组合。通常借助有色基板和/或粘合到该基板上的有色层（例如复合玻璃中的另一玻璃板和聚合物膜）获得该窗玻璃的低透光率。这种窗玻璃本身具有高内侧反射水平。这种明显反射通常被位于由该窗玻璃划定的内部的个体认为困扰或甚至烦人。当内侧反射水平高于透射率水平时，特别如此，由此干扰或阻碍对外部环境的感知。令人惊讶地表明，本发明的涂层除热辐射反射作用外还具有减反射作用。借助本发明的涂层，有利地降低内侧反射水平并有利地提高透射率水平与内侧反射水平的比率。
本发明的热辐射反射涂层是包含至少下列层的层结构：
- 根据本发明的粘合层，
- 在所述粘合层上，根据本发明的功能层，
- 在所述功能层上，根据本发明的光学高折射层，和
- 在所述光学高折射层上，根据本发明的光学低折射层。
当第一层布置在第二层上方时，这在本发明中意味着，第一层比第二层更远离基板。当第一层布置在第二层下方时，这在本发明中意味着，第二层比第一层更远离基板。
当第一层布置在第二层上方或下方时，这在本发明中不一定意味着第一和第二层互相直接接触。可以在第一和第二层之间布置一个或多个附加层，除非这被明确排除。
该涂层的最上层在本发明中是距基板最远的层。该涂层的最底层在本发明中是距基板最近的层。
当层或另一元件含有至少一种材料时，这在本发明中包括该层由该材料制成的情况。
氧化物和氮化物原则上就氧含量或氮含量而言可以是化学计量的、亚化学计量的或超化学计量的。
对折光指数指出的值在550纳米波长下测量。
本发明的窗玻璃的内侧辐射系数优选小于或等于35%，特别优选小于或等于25%，最特别优选小于或等于20%。在此，术语“内侧辐射系数”是指指示与理想热发射体（黑体）相比窗玻璃在安装好的状态下向内部空间，例如建筑物或机动车内散发多少热辐射的度量值。在本发明中，“辐射系数”是指根据标准EN 12898在283 K下的标准辐射水平。
本发明的窗玻璃优选具有小于4%，特别优选小于3%的在可见光谱范围内的透射率。对于具有如此低的透射率的窗玻璃，特别有利地降低内侧反射水平。
在可见光谱范围内的内侧透射率水平TL与在可见光谱范围内的内侧反射水平RL的比率TL/RL优选大于或等于0.6，特别优选大于或等于0.8，最特别优选大于或等于1，特别是大于或等于1.5。这特别有利于内部观察者对外部环境的舒适感知。
内侧透射率水平在这种情况下描述从外部投射在窗玻璃上的在可见光谱范围内的辐射中从外部透过窗玻璃射入内部的辐射的分数。该辐射的内侧反射水平分数描述了从内部投射在窗玻璃上的在可见光谱范围内的辐射中反射回内部的辐射的分数。
本发明的窗玻璃的来自太阳光的总能量输入的值优选小于50%，特别优选小于40%，最特别优选小于30%，特别小于20%。这一值也被本领域技术人员称作TTS值（“总透射太阳能”）。
本发明的涂层的薄层电阻优选为10 ohm/square至50 ohm/square，特别优选15 ohm/square至30 ohm/square。
在本发明的一个有利的实施方案中，本发明的窗玻璃是复合窗玻璃。基板经由至少一个热塑性中间层粘合到覆盖板上。在该复合窗玻璃的安装好的状态下，该覆盖板要面向外部环境，而该基板面向内部。本发明的涂层布置在背向覆盖板的基板表面，即该复合窗玻璃的内侧表面上。
基板和任选地，覆盖板优选含有玻璃，特别优选平板玻璃、浮法玻璃、石英玻璃、硼硅玻璃、钠钙玻璃或塑料，优选硬质塑料，特别是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚氯乙烯和/或它们的混合物。基板和任选地，覆盖板优选具有1.0毫米至25毫米，特别优选1.4毫米至4.9毫米的厚度。
当本发明的窗玻璃是复合窗玻璃时，该热塑性中间层优选含有热塑性塑料，例如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯（EVA）、聚氨酯（PU）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）或它们的多个层，优选具有0.3毫米至0.9毫米的厚度。
该窗玻璃根据本发明具有小于或等于5%的在可见光谱范围内的透射率。为此，该基板优选适当染色和/或着色。当该窗玻璃是复合窗玻璃时，或者或另外，也可以将覆盖板和/或热塑性中间层着色和/或染色。在复合窗玻璃的情况下，基板和覆盖板优选各自具有小于35%，特别优选小于30%的在可见光谱范围内的透射率。热塑性中间层优选具有20%至80%，特别优选20%至70%，最特别优选20%至50%的透射率。
该功能层对热辐射，特别是红外辐射具有反射性质，但在可见光谱范围内基本透明。根据本发明，该功能层含有至少一种透明导电氧化物(TCO)。该透明导电氧化物的折光指数优选为1.7至2.3。该功能层优选含有至少氟掺杂的氧化锡（SnO2:F）、锑掺杂的氧化锡（SnO2:Sb)和/或氧化铟锡（ITO），特别优选氧化铟锡（ITO）。因此，可以在本发明的涂层的辐射系数和可弯曲性方面获得特别好的结果。
优选使用磁增强的阴极溅射、用由氧化铟锡制成的靶沉积氧化铟锡。该靶优选含有75重量%至95重量%氧化铟和5重量%至25重量%氧化锡以及生产相关掺合料。优选在保护性气氛，例如氩气下进行氧化铟锡的沉积。也可以将少量氧气添加到保护性气体中以例如改进功能层的均匀性。
或者，该靶优选含有至少75重量%至95重量%铟和5重量%至25重量%锡。然后优选在阴极溅射过程中在添加氧气作为反应气体下进行氧化铟锡的沉积。
但是，该功能层还可包括其它透明导电氧化物，例如混合氧化铟/锌(IZO)、镓掺杂或铝掺杂的氧化锌、铌掺杂的氧化钛、锡酸镉和/或锡酸锌。
功能层的厚度优选为50纳米至150纳米，特别优选60纳米至140纳米，最特别优选70纳米至130纳米。在功能层的厚度的这一范围内，一方面，获得有利的减反射作用，另一方面，低辐射系数。
光学高折射层特别实现本发明的窗玻璃的反射颜色的调节。此外，借助光学高折射层，可以改进功能层的稳定性以及抗腐蚀性和抗氧化性。当对带有该涂层的窗玻璃施以温度处理、弯曲工艺和/或预加应力工艺时，这特别有利。
该光学高折射层的材料的折光指数优选为1.7至2.3，特别优选大于或等于功能层的材料的折光指数。由此，实现该涂层的有利的光学性质，特别是美学颜色印象。
该光学高折射层优选含有至少一种氧化物或氮化物，特别优选氧化钨、氧化铌、氧化钽、氧化锆、氧化铪、氧化铋、氧化钛、氮化硅、氮化锆、氮化铪和/或氮化铝。该光学高折射层特别优选含有氮化硅（Si3N4）。由此，在该涂层的稳定性和光学性质方面获得特别好的结果。氮化硅可具有掺杂剂，例如钛、锆、硼、铪和/或铝。氮化硅最特别优选用铝掺杂(Si3N4:Al)或用锆掺杂(Si3N4:Zr)或用硼掺杂(Si3N4:B)。这对该涂层的光学性质和辐射系数以及例如通过阴极溅射施加光学高折射层的速度特别有利。
优选使用磁增强的阴极溅射、用至少含有硅的靶沉积氮化硅。用于沉积含铝掺杂的氮化硅的层的靶优选含有80重量%至95重量%硅和5重量%至20重量%铝以及生产相关掺合料。用于沉积含硼掺杂的氮化硅的层的靶优选含有99.9990重量%至99.9999重量%硅和0.0001重量%至0.001重量%硼以及生产相关掺合料。用于沉积含锆掺杂的氮化硅的层的靶优选含有60重量%至90重量%硅和10重量%至40重量%锆以及生产相关掺合料。优选在阴极溅射过程中在添加氮气作为反应气体下进行氮化硅的沉积。
该光学高折射层的厚度优选小于20纳米，特别优选小于12纳米，最特别优选小于10纳米，特别小于8纳米。该光学高折射层的厚度应该为至少1纳米，优选至少2纳米。在该光学高折射层的厚度的这一范围内，获得本发明的涂层的特别有利的减反射性质。该厚度优选为1纳米至20纳米，特别优选2纳米至12纳米，最特别优选2纳米至10纳米，特别是2纳米至8纳米。
在施加本发明的涂层后的温度处理过程中，氮化硅可以部分氧化。作为Si3N4沉积的层随之在温度处理后含有SixNyOz，其氧含量通常为0原子%至35原子%。
粘合层导致沉积在该粘合层上方的层在基板上的持久稳定粘合。粘合层进一步防止从基板中扩散出的离子积聚在与功能层的边界区中，如果该基板由玻璃制成，这特别是钠离子。此类离子会导致功能层的腐蚀和低粘合。该粘合层因此对功能层的稳定性特别有利。
该粘合层优选含有至少一种具有1.5至1.8的折光指数的材料。粘合层的材料优选具有在基板的折光指数范围内的折光指数。粘合层可含有例如至少一种氧化物和/或一种氮化物，优选至少一种氧化物。该粘合层特别优选含有二氧化硅(SiO2)。这对沉积在该粘合层上方的层在基板上的粘合性特别有利。二氧化硅可具有掺杂剂，例如氟、碳、氮、硼、磷和/或铝。二氧化硅最特别优选用铝掺杂(SiO2:Al)、用硼掺杂(SiO2:B)或用锆掺杂(SiO2:Zr)。这对该涂层的光学性质以及例如通过阴极溅射施加粘合层的速度特别有利。
优选使用磁增强的阴极溅射、用至少含有硅的靶沉积二氧化硅。用于沉积含铝掺杂的二氧化硅的粘合层的靶优选含有80重量%至95重量%硅和5重量%至20重量%铝以及生产相关掺合料。用于沉积含硼掺杂的二氧化硅的粘合层的靶优选含有99.9990重量%至99.9999重量%硅和0.0001重量%至0.001重量%硼以及生产相关掺合料。用于沉积含锆掺杂的二氧化硅的粘合层的靶优选含有60重量%至90重量%硅和10重量%至40重量%锆以及生产相关掺合料。优选在阴极溅射过程中在添加氧气作为反应气体下进行二氧化硅的沉积。
粘合层的掺杂还可改进在粘合层上方施加的层的平滑度。在本发明的窗玻璃用于机动车行业的情况下，层的高平滑度特别有利，因为借此避免窗玻璃的不合意的粗糙表面感。当本发明的窗玻璃是侧窗玻璃时，其可以以低摩擦移入密封唇口。
但是，或者，该粘合层还可含有例如，氧化铝（Al2O3）。
该粘合层优选具有10纳米至150纳米，特别优选15纳米至50纳米，例如大约30纳米的厚度。这对本发明的涂层的粘合性和防止离子从基板扩散到功能层中特别有利。
也可以在该粘合层下方布置优选具有5纳米至40纳米厚度的附加光学活性层。例如，该粘合层可含有SiO2，附加光学活性层可含有至少一种氧化物，如TiO2、Al2O3、Ta2O5、Y2O3、ZnO和/或ZnSnOx，或一种氮化物，如AlN或Si3N4。借助该光学活性层，有利地进一步改进本发明的涂层的减反射性质。此外，该光学活性层能够改进透射或反射中的色值的调节。
光学低折射层对本发明的涂层的减反射作用至关重要。此外，借助该光学低折射层，获得反射和透射光的中性颜色印象并改进功能层的耐蚀性。
该光学低折射层可以例如含有至少一种氧化物和/或一种氮化物。该光学低折射层优选含有至少一种氧化物，特别优选至少二氧化硅(SiO2)。这对窗玻璃的光学性质和功能层的耐蚀性特别有利。二氧化硅可具有掺杂剂，例如氟、碳、氮、硼、磷和/或铝。二氧化硅最特别优选用铝掺杂(SiO2:Al)、用硼掺杂(SiO2:B)或用锆掺杂(SiO2:Zr)。由此获得特别好的结果。
但是，或者，该光学低折射层可含有例如氧化铝(Al2O3)。
该光学低折射层优选具有40纳米至130纳米，特别优选50纳米至120纳米，最特别优选60纳米至110纳米，特别是70纳米至100纳米的厚度。这对可见光的低反射和高透射率以及窗玻璃的所选色彩印象的设定和功能层的耐蚀性特别有利。在该光学低折射层的厚度的这一范围内，获得本发明的涂层的特别有利的减反射性质。
在本发明的一个有利的实施方案中，在光学高折射层上方布置覆盖层。该覆盖层防止本发明的涂层受损，特别是防止划伤。该覆盖层优选含有至少一种氧化物，特别优选至少TiO2、ZrO2、HfO2、Nb2O5、Ta2O5、Cr2O3、WO3和/或CeO2。该覆盖层的厚度优选为2纳米至50纳米，特别优选5纳米至20纳米。因此，在抗划伤性方面实现特别好的结果。
在一个有利的实施方案中，在粘合层下方不布置折光指数大于粘合层的折光指数的层并在光学低折射层上方不布置折光指数高于光学低折射层的折光指数的层。这对窗玻璃的光学性质和简单的层结构特别有利。
本发明的窗玻璃可以是平面的或在一个或多个空间方向上轻微或极大弯曲。这种曲面窗玻璃特别用于汽车行业中的装配玻璃。曲面窗玻璃的典型曲率半径为大约10厘米至大约40米。已经证实，本发明的涂层特别适合承受弯曲工艺而不发生损伤，如裂纹。
本发明的涂层可施加在基板表面上的整个面积上。但是，基板表面也可具有无涂层区域。基板表面可例如具有外周无涂层边缘区域和/或充当数据传输窗或通信窗的无涂层区域。在无涂层区域中，该窗玻璃可透过电磁辐射，特别是红外辐射。
当本发明的窗玻璃是复合窗玻璃时，在一个有利的实施方案中，在面向覆盖板的基板表面上、在面向基板的覆盖板表面上或在热塑性中间层的载体膜上施加防晒涂层。有利地保护该防晒涂层免受腐蚀和机械损伤。该防晒涂层优选包含至少一个基于银或含银合金的金属层，厚度为5纳米至25纳米。借助被厚度为10纳米至100纳米的介电层彼此隔开的两个或三个功能层获得特别好的结果。该防晒涂层反射在可见光谱范围外，特别是在红外光谱范围内的入射太阳光部分。借助该防晒涂层，降低直射阳光对内部的加热。此外，该防晒涂层降低该复合窗玻璃的在阳光入射方向上布置在该防晒涂层后的元件的变热，并因此降低该复合窗玻璃散发的热辐射。通过防晒涂层与本发明的用于反射热辐射的涂层的组合，有利地进一步改进内部的热舒适性。
本发明还包括制造本发明的具有热辐射反射涂层的窗玻璃的方法，其中在基板的内侧表面上至少相继施加
(a) 含有至少一种具有小于1.8的折光指数的材料的粘合层(3)，
(b) 含有至少一种透明导电氧化物(TCO)的功能层(4)，
(c) 含有至少一种具有大于或等于1.8的折光指数的材料的光学高折射层(5)，和
(d) 含有至少一种具有小于1.8的折光指数的材料的光学低折射层(6)。
各层通过本身已知的方法，优选通过磁增强的阴极溅射沉积。这特别有利于基板的简单、快速、经济和均匀涂布。阴极溅射在保护性气氛，例如氩气中或在反应性气氛中，例如通过添加氧气或氮气进行。
但是，各层也可以通过本领域技术人员已知的其它方法，例如通过气相沉积或化学气相沉积（CVD）、通过原子层沉积（ALD）、通过等离子体增强的化学气相沉积（PECVD）或通过湿化学法施加。
优选在施加热辐射反射涂层后，对该窗玻璃施以温度处理。将具有本发明的涂层的基板加热到至少200℃，特别优选至少300℃的温度。通过该温度处理特别改进功能层的结晶度。该温度处理特别降低该涂层的薄层电阻，这导致针对热辐射的降低的辐射系数和改进的反射性质。此外，窗玻璃的光学性质显著改进。
在本发明的方法的一个有利的实施方案中，该温度处理在弯曲工艺内进行。具有本发明的涂层的基板在加热状态下在一个或多个空间方向上弯曲。基板加热至的温度优选为500℃至700℃。本发明的用于反射热辐射的涂层的一个特定优点在于其可经受这种弯曲工艺而不受损。本发明的增暗层在弯曲工艺的过程中不会被例如裂纹破坏。
当然，在弯曲工艺之前或之后可存在其它温度处理步骤。或者，也可以使用激光辐射进行温度处理。
在一个有利的实施方案中，在温度处理后和任选在弯曲后，可以对该基板预加应力或部分预加应力。为此，该基板合适地以本身已知的方式冷却。预加应力的基板通常具有至少69 MPa的表面压应力。部分预加应力的基板通常具有24 MPa至52 MPa的表面压应力。预加应力的基板适合作为单片安全玻璃，例如作为机动车的侧窗或后窗。
在本发明的一个有利的实施方案中，在施加该涂层后，基板经由至少一个热塑性中间层粘合到覆盖板上以形成复合窗玻璃。原则上也可以首先将基板粘合到覆盖板上，然后提供涂层。
本发明还包括本发明的具有热辐射反射涂层的窗玻璃在建筑物中，作为家具和设备中的内置组件，或在陆地、空中或水中/上交通运输工具中，特别是在火车、船舶和机动车中，例如作为后窗、侧窗和/或车顶盖的用途。
下面参照附图和示例性实施方案详细解释本发明。附图是示意图并且不按比例。附图决不限制本发明。
它们描绘了：
图1是本发明的具有热辐射反射涂层的窗玻璃的一个实施方案的横截面，
图2是本发明的具有热辐射反射涂层的窗玻璃的另一实施方案的横截面，
图3是本发明的窗玻璃作为复合窗玻璃的另一实施方案的横截面，
图4是比率TL/RL vs 粘合层的厚度的图，
图5是比率TL/RL vs 功能层的厚度的图，
图6是比率TL/RL vs光学高折射层的厚度的图，
图7是比率TL/RL vs光学低折射层的厚度的图，且
图8是本发明的方法的一个实施方案的详细流程图。
图1描绘带有基板1和热辐射反射涂层2的本发明的窗玻璃的一个实施方案的横截面。基板1含有例如有色钠钙玻璃并具有6毫米的厚度。涂层2包含粘合层3、功能层4、光学高折射层5和光学低折射层6。这些层以距基板1渐远的所示次序布置。
粘合层3例如由铝掺杂的氧化硅制成并具有30纳米的厚度。功能层4例如由氧化铟锡（ITO）制成并具有130纳米的厚度。光学高折射层5例如由铝掺杂的氮化硅制成并具有5纳米的厚度。光学低折射层6例如由铝掺杂的氧化硅制成并具有70纳米的厚度。
使用磁增强的阴极溅射沉积涂层2的各层。用于沉积粘合层3和光学低折射层6的靶含有92重量%硅和8重量%铝。在阴极溅射过程中在添加氧气作为反应气体下进行沉积。用于沉积功能层4的靶含有90重量%氧化铟和10重量%氧化锡。在具有小于1%的氧分数的氩气保护性气氛下进行沉积。用于沉积光学高折射层5的靶含有92重量%硅和8重量%铝。在阴极溅射过程中在添加氮气作为反应气体下进行沉积。
图2描绘带有基板1和热辐射反射涂层2的本发明的窗玻璃的另一实施方案的横截面。涂层2如图1中那样构造，具有粘合层3、功能层4、光学高折射层5和光学低折射层6。在光学低折射层6上方布置覆盖层7。该覆盖层含有TiO2并具有10纳米的厚度。借助该覆盖层，有利地保护涂层2免受机械损伤，特别是划伤。
图3描绘作为复合窗玻璃的具有热辐射反射涂层2的本发明的窗玻璃的横截面。基板1经由热塑性中间层9粘合到覆盖板8上。该复合窗玻璃旨在充当机动车的车顶盖。该复合窗玻璃如汽车行业中的窗玻璃常见的那样是弯曲的。在该复合窗玻璃的安装好的状态下，覆盖板8面向外部环境，基板1面向车内。在背向覆盖板8和热塑性中间层9的基板1的内侧表面上提供本发明的涂层2。基板1和覆盖板8由钠钙玻璃制成并各自具有2.1毫米的厚度。热塑性中间层9含有有色聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）并具有0.76毫米的厚度。
基板1、覆盖板8和热塑性中间层9是有色的。基板1和覆盖板9各自具有例如27%的在可见光谱范围内的透射率；热塑性中间层8具有例如23%的透射率。无涂层2的复合窗玻璃具有2.3%的在可见光谱范围内的内侧透射率TL和4.4%的内侧反射RL。无涂层2的比率TL/RL为0.5。本发明的热辐射反射涂层2令人惊讶地不仅改进机动车内的热舒适性，还充当减反射涂层。涂层2使内侧反射RL降低到2.0%。涂层2使比率TL/RL提高到1.1。由于涂层2，机动车内的个体能够更好地感知外部环境并较少受反射困扰。
图4、图5、图6和图7显示在可见光谱范围内的透射率水平TL与在可见光谱范围内的反射水平RL的比率TL/RL的模拟结果。比率TL/RL越大，恼人的内侧反射越不明显且该窗玻璃的光学印象越好。图4显示比率TL/RL vs 粘合层3的厚度。图5显示比率TL/RL vs 功能层4的厚度。图6显示比率TL/RL vs光学高折射层5的厚度。图7显示比率TL/RL vs 光学低折射层6的厚度。
该模拟采用基础层结构，其层序以及材料和层厚度显示在表1中。在每种情况下，改变层厚度之一；其余层厚度相当于表1中的值。基板1、热塑性中间层8和覆盖玻璃9的集合体在没有涂层2的情况下具有大约4.2%的透射率TL。
作为比较，附图显示无涂层2的比率TL/RL。在每种情况下指出在两种不同观察角α下的值。角度α是观察方向（观察者与窗玻璃之间的连接线）与窗玻璃的表面法线之间的角度。
比率TL/RL的绝对值取决于透过窗玻璃的透射率。在反射不变的情况下，较低透射率造成较低比率TL/RL。这意味着相同涂层2在具有较低透射率的窗玻璃上带来比在具有较高透射率的窗玻璃上低的比率TL/RL。但是，比率TL/RL的定性依赖性独立于窗玻璃的透射率并可见于附图。
由图4可以看出，比率TL/RL对粘合层3的厚度没有明确依赖性。粘合层3的厚度因此几乎不影响涂层2的减反射性质。因此可基于增粘性质和对扩散离子的阻隔作用选择粘合层3的厚度。已经证实，用具有10纳米至150纳米，优选15纳米至50纳米厚度的粘合层获得特别好的结果。
由图5可以看出，功能层4的厚度对涂层2的减反射性质和因此对比率TL/RL具有明确的影响。在大约100纳米厚度下获得比率TL/RL的最大值。但是，为了改进热辐射反射作用，较厚的功能层4是合意的。已经证实，在50纳米至150纳米，优选60纳米至140纳米，特别优选70纳米至130纳米的功能层4厚度下，实现比率TL/RL与热辐射反射作用之间的良好折衷。
由图6可以看出，光学高折射层5的厚度对涂层2的减反射性质和因此对比率TL/RL具有明确的影响。使用越薄的光学高折射层5，比率TL/RL变大。在小于20纳米的厚度下，比率TL/RL大于无涂层2的窗玻璃。在小于12纳米，优选小于10纳米，特别优选小于8纳米的光学高折射层5的厚度下获得特别好的结果。但是，为使光学高折射层5有效地保护功能层4免受腐蚀和氧化，其应具有至少1纳米，优选至少2纳米的厚度。
由图7可以看出，光学低折射层6的厚度对涂层2的减反射性质和因此对比率TL/RL具有明确的影响。在大约40纳米至130纳米的厚度下，比率TL/RL大于无涂层2的窗玻璃。在50纳米至120纳米，优选60纳米至110纳米，特别优选70纳米至100纳米的光学低折射层6的厚度下获得特别好的结果。
借助本发明的涂层2，不仅获得热辐射反射作用，还获得减反射作用。当在具有低透光率的窗玻璃上施加涂层2时，其降低困扰和烦人的内侧反射。对于斜光入射，减反射作用更明显。这些结果对本领域技术人员而言出乎意料和令人惊讶。
图8描绘用于制造具有热辐射反射涂层2的窗玻璃的本发明的方法的一个示例性实施方案的流程图。
附图标记列表:
(1) 基板
(2) 热辐射反射涂层
(3) 粘合层
(4) 功能层
(5) 光学高折射层
(6) 光学低折射层
(7) 覆盖层
(8) 覆盖板
(9) 热塑性中间层。
Claims (15)
1.用于将内室与外部环境隔开的具有热辐射反射涂层的窗玻璃，其包含至少一个基板(1)和至少在基板(1)的内侧表面上的至少一个热辐射反射涂层(2)，其中
- 所述窗玻璃具有小于5%的在可见光谱范围内的透射率，且
- 从基板(1)开始，涂层(2)包含至少：
- 一个含有至少一种具有小于1.8的折光指数的材料的粘合层(3)，
- 一个含有至少一种透明导电氧化物的功能层(4)，
- 一个含有至少一种具有大于或等于1.8的折光指数的材料的光学高折射层(5)，和
- 一个含有至少一种具有小于1.8的折光指数的材料的光学低折射层(6)。
2.根据权利要求1的窗玻璃，其是复合窗玻璃，其中基板(1)经由至少一个热塑性中间层(9)粘合到覆盖板(8)上。
3.根据权利要求1或2的窗玻璃，其具有小于4%，优选小于3%的在可见光谱范围内的透射率。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项的窗玻璃，其中粘合层(3)含有至少一种氧化物，优选氧化硅和/或氧化铝，特别优选铝掺杂的二氧化硅、锆掺杂的二氧化硅或硼掺杂的二氧化硅。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项的窗玻璃，其中粘合层(3)具有10纳米至150纳米，优选15纳米至50纳米的厚度。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项的窗玻璃，其中功能层(4)含有至少氟掺杂的氧化锡、锑掺杂的氧化锡和/或氧化铟锡。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项的窗玻璃，其中功能层(4)具有50纳米至150纳米，优选60纳米至140纳米，特别优选70纳米至130纳米的厚度。
8.根据权利要求1至7任一项的窗玻璃，其中光学高折射层(5)含有至少一种氧化物或氮化物，优选氧化钨、氧化铌、氧化钽、氧化锆、氧化铪、氧化铋、氧化钛、氮化硅、氮化锆、氮化铪和/或氮化铝，特别优选氮化硅，最特别优选铝掺杂的氮化硅、锆掺杂的氮化硅或硼掺杂的氮化硅。
9.根据权利要求1至8任一项的窗玻璃，其中光学高折射层(5)具有至少1纳米和小于20纳米，优选小于12纳米，特别优选小于10纳米，最特别优选小于8纳米的厚度。
10.根据权利要求1至9任一项的窗玻璃，其中光学低折射层(6)含有至少一种氧化物，优选氧化硅和/或氧化铝，特别优选铝掺杂的氧化硅、锆掺杂的氧化硅或硼掺杂的氧化硅。
11.根据权利要求1至10 任一项的窗玻璃，其中光学低折射层(6)具有40纳米至130纳米，优选50纳米至120纳米，特别优选60纳米至110纳米，最特别优选70纳米至100纳米的厚度。
12.根据权利要求1至11任一项的窗玻璃，其中在光学低折射层(6)上布置含有至少一种氧化物，优选至少TiO2、ZrO2、HfO2、Nb2O5、Ta2O5、Cr2O3、WO3和/或CeO2并优选具有2纳米至50纳米，特别优选5纳米至20纳米的厚度的覆盖层(7)。
13.根据权利要求1至12任一项的窗玻璃，其中在可见光谱范围内的内侧透射率水平TL与在可见光谱范围内的内侧反射水平RL的比率TL/RL大于或等于0.6，优选大于或等于0.8，特别优选大于或等于1，最优选大于或等于1.5。
14.制造根据权利要求1至13任一项的具有热辐射反射涂层(2)的窗玻璃的方法，其中在基板(1)的内侧表面上至少相继施加
(a) 粘合层(3)，
(b) 功能层(4)，
(c) 光学高折射层(5)，和
(d) 光学低折射层(6)。
15.根据权利要求1至13任一项的具有热辐射反射涂层的窗玻璃在建筑物中或在陆地、空中或水中/上交通运输工具中，特别是在火车、船舶和机动车中，例如作为后窗、侧窗和/或车顶盖的用途。
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- 2013-12-19 KR KR1020157022108A patent/KR101820219B1/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-12-19 PL PL13811519T patent/PL2958871T3/pl unknown
- 2013-12-19 JP JP2015557343A patent/JP6012887B2/ja active Active
- 2013-12-19 MX MX2015010761A patent/MX360106B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2013-12-19 CN CN201380073460.0A patent/CN104995147B/zh active Active
- 2013-12-19 CA CA2901782A patent/CA2901782C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-12-19 EA EA201591523A patent/EA027662B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-12-19 ES ES13811519T patent/ES2873150T3/es active Active
- 2013-12-19 WO PCT/EP2013/077352 patent/WO2014127868A1/de active Application Filing
- 2013-12-19 HU HUE13811519A patent/HUE054328T2/hu unknown
- 2013-12-19 BR BR112015018648-3A patent/BR112015018648B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-12-19 US US14/769,226 patent/US9650291B2/en active Active
- 2013-12-19 EP EP13811519.1A patent/EP2958871B1/de active Active
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| WO2012022876A2 (fr) * | 2010-07-28 | 2012-02-23 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Vitrage |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106222612A (zh) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-14 | 郑州航空工业管理学院 | 一种用于民用飞机舷窗玻璃节能疏水透明薄膜及其制备方法 |
| CN106967948A (zh) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-07-21 | 福建福光光电科技有限公司 | 一种高清耐擦防水的光学玻璃薄膜及其制备方法 |
| CN106967948B (zh) * | 2017-04-26 | 2019-07-30 | 福建福光光电科技有限公司 | 一种高清耐擦防水的光学玻璃薄膜及其制备方法 |
| CN110546114A (zh) * | 2017-04-26 | 2019-12-06 | 佳殿玻璃有限公司 | 包括具有邻近车辆或建筑物内部的低e涂层的不同玻璃基板的层压窗和/或其制备方法 |
| CN110546114B (zh) * | 2017-04-26 | 2022-06-21 | 佳殿玻璃有限公司 | 包括具有邻近车辆或建筑物内部的低e涂层的不同玻璃基板的层压窗和/或其制备方法 |
| CN110869332A (zh) * | 2017-06-23 | 2020-03-06 | 康宁股份有限公司 | 包含易清洁涂层的涂覆制品 |
| CN116496000A (zh) * | 2018-12-21 | 2023-07-28 | Ａｇｃ株式会社 | 层叠体和层叠体的制造方法 |
| CN109851231A (zh) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-06-07 | 福建工程学院 | 一种减反射、抗激光损伤玻璃及其制备方法 |
| CN110673235A (zh) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-01-10 | 宁波盈瑞聚合科技有限公司 | 多功能光学膜及其生产方法 |
| CN110673235B (zh) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-08-17 | 宁波盈瑞聚合科技有限公司 | 多功能光学膜及其生产方法 |
| WO2024032061A1 (zh) * | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-15 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | 玻璃盖板及其制备方法、电子设备 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2014127868A1 (de) | 2014-08-28 |
| JP2016513057A (ja) | 2016-05-12 |
| BR112015018648B1 (pt) | 2021-09-08 |
| KR101820219B1 (ko) | 2018-01-18 |
| KR20150110622A (ko) | 2015-10-02 |
| MX360106B (es) | 2018-10-23 |
| EP2958871B1 (de) | 2021-03-10 |
| EA027662B1 (ru) | 2017-08-31 |
| CN104995147B (zh) | 2019-05-07 |
| MX2015010761A (es) | 2015-11-30 |
| EA201591523A1 (ru) | 2015-12-30 |
| CA2901782C (en) | 2018-07-17 |
| US9650291B2 (en) | 2017-05-16 |
| EP2958871A1 (de) | 2015-12-30 |
| HUE054328T2 (hu) | 2021-09-28 |
| ES2873150T3 (es) | 2021-11-03 |
| PL2958871T3 (pl) | 2021-08-02 |
| CA2901782A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
| BR112015018648A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
| JP6012887B2 (ja) | 2016-10-25 |
| US20160002099A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
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