CN104989404A - Diagonal ore-break-down medium-length hole mining method for steeply-inclined thin vein ore body - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a medium-deep-hole mining method with pseudo-inclined ore falling in the vein of a steeply inclined thin ore body. The stope is arranged along the ore body trend, and the room pillar and segment are divided according to the inclination direction of the ore body. Arrange the stage transportation entry; from the stage transportation entry to the ore body, excavate the ore exit horizontal entry to the ore body; pull the bottom entry horizontally along the vein and excavate the rock drilling in parallel to the mountain; the ore chute is close to the side of the transportation entry Arrangement; mining starts from the side of the stope, and stops when the bottom level roadway is formed to the first rock drilling prospecting uphill position, and turns to excavation and rock drilling uphill; the medium and deep hole drilling rig starts from the bottom level to rock drilling prospecting uphill Go gradually, hit the deep hole and blast the blasthole upwards, and the ore is discharged from the bottom of the horizontal alley; after the first rock drilling prospecting mine reaches a certain position, continue to pull the bottom level road and reach the second rock prospecting uphill position , carry out medium and deep hole mining until the stope mining is completed. The invention has high production efficiency, large production capacity and good operation safety.

Description

Medium-deep hole mining method with pseudo-inclined ore falling in steeply inclined thin ore body veins

technical field

The invention relates to a mining method, in particular to a medium-long-hole mining method with pseudo-inclined ore falling in steeply inclined thin ore body veins.

Background technique

Steeply inclined thin ore bodies are often found in gold, tungsten and tin deposits. According to statistics, about one-third of non-ferrous, rare and precious metal ores come from such deposits. At present, the upward layered filling method and shallow hole ore retention method are commonly used for mining steeply inclined thin ore bodies. Due to the use of small hole rock drilling equipment, the amount of ore falling at one time is small, and the production capacity of steeply inclined thin ore bodies is not only low, but also labor intensive. High strength, high operating cost, etc. According to domestic and foreign mining experience, the effective way to achieve safe, efficient and economical mining of steeply inclined and thin veins is to increase the degree of mechanization, use a large number of large-scale mining equipment, and increase the length of blasting holes and the amount of ore falling at one time. In view of this, using medium and deep hole mining equipment in the mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies, that is, adopting the conventional upward segmented medium and deep hole mining method, although it can realize efficient operations of steeply inclined thin ore bodies and improve production capacity, However, there are problems such as the large amount of mining work, the need to excavate and cut the patio to form a blasting free surface and compensation space, the need to design ramps in the stope or the excavation of the patio to manually transport the rock drilling equipment, the labor intensity of the workers, and the production of blasting clamps for medium and deep holes in thin veins. Problems such as large use and large consumption of explosives. For the mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies, due to the influence of the above factors, the mining of medium-deep holes and thin veins without bottom pillars has been seldom carried out.

According to consulting, the patent document CN 102635356 A relates to a kind of deep-hole mining method with multiple blasting free surfaces in steeply inclined ore veins. Excavating and cutting the patio to form a cutting groove also requires excavating a ramp or excavating a pedestrian equipment patio to carry the rock drilling equipment in the stope, and the labor intensity of the workers is high. Therefore, a mining method for steeply inclined thin ore bodies was invented by arranging inclined roadways in the vein and blasting medium and deep holes. Difficulties in vein mining.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a combination of exploration and mining, which can facilitate the movement of medium and deep hole rock drilling equipment, and overcome the sharply inclined thin ore body. Medium and deep hole mining sandwiching effect, no need to cut the raised shaft to form cutting grooves, high mining safety, small mining and cutting engineering, high mining efficiency, large production capacity, medium and deep hole mining method with pseudo-inclined ore falling in the vein of steeply inclined thin ore body .

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a pseudo-inclined deep-hole mining method in the vein of a steeply inclined thin ore body. The stope is arranged along the direction of the ore body, and the room pillars and segments are divided according to the inclination direction of the ore body. The vertical height is divided into stages; from the footwall of the ore body 4~8m along the veins, the stage transportation roadway is arranged; along the stage, the transportation roadway position is excavated to the ore body at intervals of 6~8m to the ore body; Bottom level entry, and according to the slope height, gradually excavate rock drilling and prospecting up the mountain in parallel at intervals of 10-12m, and communicate with the filling and ventilation entry at the top of the stage; the filling and ventilation entry is connected with the transportation entry of the previous stage; the ore chute is close to the transportation of the previous stage Arrangement on one side of the level roadway; mining starts from the side of the stope, and stops when the bottom level roadway is formed to the position of the first rock drilling prospecting up the mountain, and turns to excavation and rock drilling up the mountain; the first rock drilling prospecting up the mountain in the stope Mining starts immediately after formation; the medium and deep hole drilling rig goes up the mountain gradually from the bottom flat roadway to the rock drilling prospecting, the vertical ore body drills upwards to the horizontal medium and deep hole and blasts, and the ore is shoveled from the bottom of the ore out of the horizontal roadway machine out of the mine; after the first rock drilling prospecting goes up the mountain and mines to a height of 5 meters to 10 meters, it starts to dig into the bottom level road and reaches the second rock prospecting uphill position, and after the rock drilling prospecting goes up the mountain, use the same method Carry out medium and deep hole mining until the stope mining is completed; the ore is shoveled out from the ore-out horizontal roadway by the scraper and sent to the slip shaft near the stope; the stope is mined and the ore is out.

There are top pillars left in the stope. In order to reduce the secondary loss, the height of the stage is appropriately adjusted depending on the stability of the ore rock; The rock-drilling roadway in the unstable mine section shall be supported.

After the stope mining is completed, the goaf is treated with the filling method.

The above-mentioned division of the vertical height of the ore body is as follows: the height of the middle section is 40-60m, the height of the sections is 10-12m, and the width of the room and pillar is determined according to the stability of the ore rock.

The diameter of the ore chute is Φ1.8m～Φ2.2m, and one of the 1 to 2 mine houses is arranged close to the side of the transport level road in the previous stage.

The vertical orebody drilling and blasting of upward horizontal medium-deep holes refers to drilling upward blastholes in deep holes with a diameter of 70-90mm, and the depth of the holes ranges from 1m at the beginning of the bottom level roadway to 14m at the end of rock drilling and prospecting up the mountain. Blasting hole row spacing is 1.8m~2.2m, hole spacing is 1.8m~2.2m, and ordinary rock explosives are blasted together. During blasting, three rows of blastholes are detonated at one time or five rows of blastholes are detonated at one time; 20m.

Adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme of the pseudo-inclined ore-falling medium-deep hole mining method in the steeply inclined thin ore body vein, its beneficial effect is:

① Mining and cutting engineering is small, and the production process is simple

Arrange mining of ore blocks in stages, divide into sections from the inclined direction, use bottom-drawing tunnels, oblique rock drilling prospecting up the mountain and the sequence of excavation, which can not only prospect ore and control the boundary of the ore body, but also reduce the dilution and loss during mining. Loss; Can cancel the rock drilling equipment transport and use patio or ramp again. In addition, by using the gradually increasing depth of the blast hole from the bottom tunnel to the rock drilling and prospecting up the mountain, the process of cutting the raised well and pulling the slot required for medium and deep hole blasting is eliminated, which saves a lot of mining engineering, less mining and cutting engineering in the stope, and the production process Simple.

②Equipment is easy to carry, and the labor intensity of workers is small

When mining thin ore bodies, in order to reduce the amount of mining work, a patio is often dug into the ore body to transport medium and deep hole rock drilling equipment. However, because the medium and deep hole rock drilling equipment is heavy, it is particularly inconvenient to transport and the labor intensity of workers is high. , has seriously affected the adoption of high-efficiency methods for thin ore bodies. For this reason, the design adopts inclined arrangement of intra-vein rock drilling and prospecting up the mountain. Workers can directly move the rock drilling equipment in the bottom tunnel or rock drilling and prospecting up the mountain, so it is convenient to carry. Labor intensity is small.

③Little clamping effect, low bulk rate

Use the vertically arranged medium and deep hole blastholes in the rock drilling and prospecting up the mountain to carry out stope blasting, and use the self-weight effect of the caving ore block to overcome the clamping effect during mining of thin ore bodies, reduce the rate of large block blasting and reduce the consumption of explosives.

④ High operating safety and large production capacity

Drilling and blasting used in the stope are all carried out in the bottom roadway and rock drilling and prospecting up the mountain, and the ore that collapses is shoveled out from the ore exit horizontal road in the middle section of the transportation level. All personnel and equipment do not enter the goaf, and the operation safety is good; Mechanized trackless equipment such as medium and deep hole rock drilling equipment and scrapers are used, and drilling, blasting, and ore extraction are operated in parallel, so that the production does not interfere with each other, and the production capacity of the stope is large.

⑤ Combination of exploration and production, less resource loss

Use rock drilling prospecting to go up the mountain, explore while mining, strictly control the ore rock boundary in the thin ore body, adjust the position and direction of the blasting hole, and control the dilution and loss of stope ore.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the mining method of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of II-II in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of III-III in Fig. 1 .

In the figure: 1-filling and ventilating level entry, 2-top pillar, 3-rock drilling and prospecting up the mountain, 4-exiting horizontal entry, 5-transportation entryway at the upper stage, 6-ore shaft, 7-transportation entryway at the lower stage, 8 -La Tipin Lane.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The medium-deep hole mining method of pseudo-inclination ore falling in the steeply inclined thin ore body vein provided by the present invention is shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, and its specific steps are as follows:

1) Arrange the stope along the ore body trend, divide the room pillars and sections according to the inclination direction of the ore body, the height of the middle section is 46m, the height of the sections is 10m, the width of the room pillar is determined according to the stability of the ore rock; Arrange the transportation level roadway 7 in the stage; along the stage, the transportation level roadway 7 is excavated into the ore exit horizontal roadway 4 every 8m to the ore body; the bottom level roadway 8 is set horizontally along the vein, and the rock drilling prospecting goes up the mountain gradually in parallel according to the slope height every 10m 3. At the top of the stage, it communicates with the filling and ventilation entryway 1; in order to facilitate stope ventilation, the filling and ventilation entryway 1 communicates with the transportation entryway 5 of the previous stage; Arrange 1, ore chutes 6 with a diameter of Φ2m.

2) Back mining starts from one side of the stope, and stops when the bottom roadway 8 reaches the position of the first rock drilling prospecting uphill 3, and turns to excavation and rock drilling uphill 3; after the first rock drilling prospecting uphill in the stope is formed Mining starts immediately; the medium and deep hole drilling rig moves gradually from Ladiping Lane 8 to rock drilling and prospecting uphill 3, and the vertical ore body drills upward horizontal medium and deep holes; the diameter of the medium and deep holes is 70mm, and the hole depth starts from From 1m in the vicinity to 10m up the mountain for rock drilling and prospecting, the row distance of blastholes is 2m, and the distance between holes is 2m; during blasting, three rows of blastholes are detonated at one time; Start to excavate the bottom roadway to the second rock drilling prospecting uphill position. After the rock drilling prospecting uphill is formed, the same method and technology as above are used for mining; five rows of blast holes are detonated in advance between two adjacent rock drilling roadways. The advance detonation between two adjacent rock drilling lanes is 5-20m.

3) Utilize the self-weight of the ore to form extrusion blasting to overcome the clamping effect in the mining of thin ore bodies; the ore to be blasted is shoveled out from the ore-out horizontal roadway by a scraper, and transported to the nearby ore chute 6; Mining, mine side by side scraper.

4) In order to ensure the safety of the operation, a top column 2 is left in the stope, and the height of the top column is 3m; in order to reduce the secondary loss, depending on the stability of the ore rock, the height of the stage can be adjusted appropriately; the exposure time of the roof is controlled to prevent the roof rock from falling, It can speed up the blasting and mining speed; in order to ensure the continuous operation, it can properly support the rock drilling roadway in the unstable mine section.

Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the excavation sequence and the special structural form of the stope are used to form the compensation space for the mining operation and the convenient channel for equipment transportation during mining. It is easy to move; it adopts inclined arrangement of rock-drilling prospecting up the mountain and the form of blastholes perpendicular to the inclination. Two or more rows of blastholes are blasted at one time. On the one hand, it plays the role of controlling the boundary of the ore body and prospecting; Pressure blasting can overcome the clamping effect in the mining of thin ore bodies, improve the blasting effect, reduce the large block rate, and reduce the consumption of explosives. The invention has the remarkable characteristics of combination of exploration and mining, no need for special blasting and trough engineering, convenient equipment movement, small sandwiching effect in thin ore body mining, low blasting large block rate, high production efficiency, large production capacity, and good operation safety.

Claims (6)

1. the pseudo-ore deposit Medium-long hole mining method that tilts in Steeply dipping narrow deposits arteries and veins, is characterized in that: arrange stope along orebody trend, by ore body incline direction multiple openings and segmentation, on ore body hangs down height, divide the stage; From ore body lower wall 4 ~ 8m arrangement stage haulage way along the pulse; Ore removal crosscut is tunneled in ore body every 6 ~ 8m to ore body along stage haulage way position; Along the pulse level establishes the gallery that undercuts, and by slant height every 10 ~ 12m gradually parallel driving rock drilling mine locating go up a hill, communicate in stage top with filling vent level; Filling vent level communicates with upper stage haulage way; Mine chute is arranged near haulage way of upper stage side; Back production, from stope side, stops moving ahead when the gallery that undercuts is formed to first bar rock drilling mine locating uphill position, transfers driving rock drilling mine locating to and goes up a hill; In stope, namely first bar rock drilling mine locating starts mining after going up a hill and being formed; Medium-length hole rig to be gone up a hill gradually row from the gallery that undercuts to rock drilling mine locating, vertical ore body Drilling upward horizon medium-length hole explosion, collapses lower ore and use scraper ore removal from bottom ore crosscut; Go up a hill exploitation after 5 meters ~ 10 meters height until first bar rock drilling mine locating, starts again driving and to undercut gallery arrive Article 2 rock drilling mine locating uphill position, formed after rock drilling mine locating goes up a hill, use the same method and carry out Longhole Mining, until stope mining is complete; Ore is shoveled out from ore removal crosscut by scraper, to deliver near stope in drop shaft; Stope limit is exploited, limit ore removal.

2. the pseudo-ore deposit Medium-long hole mining method that tilts in Steeply dipping narrow deposits arteries and veins according to claim 1, is characterized in that: stope leaves fore-set, for reducing the poor damage of secondary, depending on ore-rock stability, and suitable adjusting stage height; Controlroof open-assembly time, prevent balkstone inbreak, accelerate explosion and ore removal speed; Continuous for guaranteeing operation, suitably supporting is carried out to the drilling drift of ore deposit section built on the sand.

3. the pseudo-ore deposit Medium-long hole mining method that tilts in Steeply dipping narrow deposits arteries and veins according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: stope exploitation terminates rear employing filling method process goaf.

4. the pseudo-ore deposit Medium-long hole mining method that tilts in Steeply dipping narrow deposits arteries and veins according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the described stage that divides on ore body hangs down height is: the high 40 ~ 60m in stage casing, the high 10 ~ 12m of segmentation, pillars of a house width is determined according to ore and rock stability.

5. the pseudo-ore deposit Medium-long hole mining method that tilts in Steeply dipping narrow deposits arteries and veins according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described mine chute diameter of phi 1.8m ~ Φ 2.2m and arrange 1 near 1 ~ 2, haulage way of upper stage side mineral building.

6. the pseudo-ore deposit Medium-long hole mining method that tilts in Steeply dipping narrow deposits arteries and veins according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described vertical ore body Drilling upward horizon medium-length hole explosion refer to: hit deep hole upwards borehole, aperture 70 ~ 90mm, hole depth 1m from the gallery that undercuts goes up a hill to rock drilling mine locating and does not terminate 14m not etc., big gun hole array pitch 1.8m ~ 2.2m, pitch of holes 1.8m ~ 2.2m, common rocks explosive explosion, during explosion, three artillery salvo eye once detonations or five artillery salvo eye once detonations; Detonate between two adjacent rock drilling lanes 5 ~ 20m in advance.