CN104871777A - Comprehensive repair method for residual quinclorac herbicide in tobacco field - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive restoration method for dichloroquine phosphate herbicide residues in tobacco fields, and belongs to the technical field of soil treatment and restoration of herbicide residues. First, the soil was tested for chloroquine phosphate after the rice was harvested. For the soil that exceeded the standard (0.05mg/kg), deep plowing was carried out first, and then one month before the tobacco seedlings were transplanted, the field was irrigated to promote drainage; When appropriate, sprinkle quicklime or dolomite powder on the field surface to facilitate acid-base neutralization; when fertilizing flue-cured tobacco, use straw biochar or carbon-based organic fertilizer to apply to the bottom of the ridge for physical adsorption. During the clustering period or flourishing period of the flue-cured tobacco, if the flue-cured tobacco has symptoms of chloroquine phosphate injury (the leaves begin to deform and appear rat-tailed), supplemented with gibberellin (920), potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mancozeb or substitutes Spray the mixed solution of Morin zinc on the foliage to alleviate or remove the phytotoxicity. The method can not only eliminate the quinclorac residue in the tobacco field soil, but also has the effects of improving soil acidity, preventing the occurrence of tobacco soil-borne diseases, promoting soil health and increasing the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.

Description

A comprehensive restoration method for dichloroquine phosphate herbicide residues in tobacco fields

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and in particular relates to a comprehensive restoration method for dichloroquine phosphate herbicide residues in tobacco fields.

Background technique

The paddy and dry rotation of tobacco and rice is a typical flue-cured tobacco planting method in southern my country, which has played a huge role in reducing the pests and diseases of the two crops, improving soil fertility, and increasing the income of tobacco and grain. However, with the extensive application of herbicides in paddy fields, especially the extensive application of quinclorac, a highly effective and selective herbicide for controlling barnyard grass, its residues have had a serious impact on the growth and development of subsequent tobacco crops. The main field manifestations are: Tobacco leaves are malformed, yellow and albino, leaf margins roll down, and leaves shrink toward the back, resulting in long and narrow leaves that are mosaic, rat-tailed, or linear. Old leaves are scorched, new leaves stagnate, and will die in severe cases. A large number of research results have proved that the threshold value of quinclorac residues in the soil that can inhibit the growth and development of tobacco is 0.05 mg/kg. The phytotoxicity problem of flue-cured tobacco caused by the residue of dichloroquine phosphate herbicides is becoming a new disease of flue-cured tobacco. It has become an important factor restricting the growth and development of tobacco and the improvement of tobacco leaf yield and quality in southern my country, especially in tobacco-rice rotation areas. .

At present, the phytotoxicity caused by quinclorac herbicide residues to the after crop tobacco leaves has become a common problem. A series of measures have also been taken in tobacco leaf production to prevent or control the occurrence of quinclorac phytotoxicity. In terms of prevention, use other alternative herbicides to control weeds in rice fields, change the multiple cropping method of tobacco and rice, or replant tobacco at intervals of 2-3 years. In terms of treatment and restoration, some studies have shown that timely spraying of 998 plant growth regulators, zinc sulfate, wujin, and junduke, a control agent composed of four agents, has a certain control effect on the initial stage of phytotoxicity. Some researchers use potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Penshibao or biochar to alleviate the phytotoxicity of herbicides, or use hormone plant growth regulators to alleviate the degree of tobacco phytotoxicity. But at present, there is no radical cure for the tobacco fields with the risk of quinclorac phytotoxicity, and various chemical restoration measures except prevention have little effect.

The present invention adopts a new compound agronomic method to treat and repair the quinclorac residual soil, promote the rapid digestion of quinclorac herbicide residues, and finally achieve the purpose of eliminating the occurrence of tobacco herbicide damage.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the technical problem of quinclorac herbicide residues on tobacco damage, the present invention proposes a comprehensive restoration method for quinclorac herbicide residues in tobacco field soil, which is suitable for tobacco and rice rotation areas in southern China. Tian has the characteristics of simple operation, convenient use, low cost, fast degradation of quinclorac residues, and good repair effect. Moreover, it has multiple functions such as improving soil acidification, improving soil structure, preventing tobacco soil-borne diseases, and promoting soil health care.

The comprehensive restoration method of dichloroquine phosphate herbicide residue in tobacco field of the present invention is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

(1) After the rice is harvested, first conduct a soil sample survey to detect the residual amount of quinclorac in the soil, if the residual amount is higher than 0.05 mg/kg. Then, from December to January of the next year, when the paddy field reaches the appropriate moisture content, deep plowing is carried out, only plowing without raking, and the plowing depth is not less than 30 cm, and then sunning;

(2) One month before the transplanting of tobacco seedlings, perform 1-2 times of field irrigation to keep the field surface at a depth of 3-5 cm for 5-7 days, and then drain the excess water in the field;

(3) When the field has no water, cracks and the moisture content is slightly dry, sprinkle a certain amount of quicklime or dolomite powder on the field surface, then carry out mechanical mixing and land preparation work, and rake the field to pieces;

(4) Before tobacco seedlings are transplanted, use straw biochar or carbon-based organic fertilizer, and apply them on the bottom of the ridge, and then apply tobacco-specific fertilizers, and then transplant the seedlings under the film;

(5) When the tobacco enters the group tree period or the flourishing period, if the leaf surface begins to have mild symptoms of quinclorac poisoning, spray gibberellin (920), potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mancozeb on the leaf surface Or the mixed solution of Zinc, spray the leaves 2-3 times.

In the step (1), it is advisable that the time for drying after the deep plowing is not less than 2 months. After the deep plowing operation, the surface area of the soil that is dispersed and exposed to air and sunlight increases, which accelerates and promotes the two Photolysis process of quinclorac.

In the step (2), the field irrigation is carried out no less than 1 month before the tobacco transplanting, and according to the severity of the herbicide residue, when > 0.05 mg/kg, < 0.15 mg/kg , determine the number of irrigation times 2 times, when > 0.15 mg/kg, determine the number of irrigation times 1-2 times, and keep the water layer at a depth of 3-5 cm for 5-7 days each time. The purpose is to accelerate the infiltration and discharge of residual quinclorac in the soil on the basis of deep plowing in the early stage.

In the step (3), the amount of quicklime spreading on the field surface is 750-1500 kg/hm ² , and the amount of dolomite powder spreading is 1500-2250 kg/hm ² . Increase the pH value of the soil, improve soil acidity, and promote the degradation of quinclorac. And it can control the common bacterial wilt in tobacco fields to a certain extent.

In the step (4), the straw biochar or carbon-based organic fertilizer is used, wherein the straws used to make the biochar are common local tobacco stalks, rice, corn, wheat and rapeseed straws, etc. Carbon-based organic fertilizer is a commercial organic fertilizer prepared from straw biochar. The purpose of its application is to use the porosity and strong adsorption of biochar to absorb and wrap the residual quinclorac in the pores of biochar. On the one hand, it can prevent quinclorac from being absorbed and transported by tobacco roots, and on the other hand, it can be beneficial to its decomposition and metabolism by soil microorganisms.

In the step (5), the concentration of gibberellin sprayed on flue-cured tobacco leaves is 10-20 mg/kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 750-1000 times liquid, and mancozeb or zinc zinc is 1000-1500 times liquid . Spray once every 5-7 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row. Not only can the quinclorac herbicide phytotoxicity of tobacco plants be obviously eliminated or alleviated, but also the disease resistance of tobacco can be improved and soil-borne rhizome diseases of tobacco can be prevented.

Remarkable effect of the present invention is:

1. It is a composite repair method for dichloroquine phosphate herbicide residues, especially suitable for the tobacco field after the tobacco-rice rotation system;

2. While reducing the residues of dichloroquine phosphate herbicides, it can improve the soil of tobacco fields;

3. To a certain extent, it can prevent common and frequently-occurring diseases such as tobacco bacterial wilt and black shank;

4. The application of this comprehensive technology can also improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco;

5. This technology is carried out along with agronomic measures. It has the characteristics of simple operation, low cost and good effect. It is also suitable for the degradation and elimination of other hormone-type herbicide residues.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 Effects of different remediation measures on soil acidity and alkalinity in implementation case 2.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with the field test of tobacco, the comprehensive restoration technical method of dichloroquine phosphate herbicide residue of the present invention is verified.

Implementation Case 1

Through the pot experiment in the greenhouse, after adding quinclorac (soil content reached 1.50 mg/kg), different restoration measures CK1 (adding quinclorac, no restoration control), CK2 (no addition of quinclorac acid control), T1 (add 1% quicklime to the soil), T2 (add 1% straw biochar), T3 (1% quicklime + 1% straw biochar), T4 (1% quicklime + 1% Straw biochar + foliar spraying of gibberellin (10 mg/kg), potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mancozeb mixture (1000 times liquid), spraying twice at intervals of 7 days). The agronomic traits and biomass of tobacco in flat top stage were investigated, and the residual amount of quinclorac in soil was detected.

The results of the study showed that from the agronomic traits (Table 1), different restoration measures were helpful to the growth and development of tobacco, and increased the plant height, number of effective leaves and leaf area of three leaf positions, among which T4 treatment had the best effect, basically reaching the level of the control without adding quinclorac. This is followed by T3 processing. The difference from the biomass also has a similar trend. It can be seen that quinclorac severely inhibits the growth and development of the above-ground and underground parts of tobacco, and different restoration measures have good effects, among which quicklime, biochar and later foliar spraying are used in all restoration measures. Treatment had the best effect (Table 2). In addition, it can be seen from the detection results of quinclorac residues sprayed in the soil during the flat top stage (Table 3), that the degradation rate of quinclorac in the soil treated with comprehensive restoration measures T4 and T3 reached more than 90%.

Table 1 Survey of agronomic traits of tobacco plants at the top stage

Table 2 Investigation of the dry weight of each part of the tobacco plant in the flat-top period

Table 3 Residual contents of bisquinolinic acid in different soil treatments in the plateau stage

Implementation Case 2

In a typical tobacco-rice rotation area in Xuancheng, Anhui Province, a comparison experiment was carried out between this method and the conventional method on tobacco field soil with quinclorac residue (0.25 mg/kg residue). The test was divided into 4 treatments: no restoration (CK), agronomic restoration (T1), chemical restoration (T2) and the comprehensive restoration method described in the present invention (T3). Agronomic restoration is carried out by means of deep plowing, drying, irrigation and drainage, chemical restoration is improved by combining biochar with quicklime, and comprehensive restoration adopts the comprehensive restoration method of the present invention. Among them, deep plowing, sun-drying, intertillage depth 30 cm, irrigation and drainage twice. The chemical remediation method uses 1500 kg/hm ² of quicklime powder and 1500 kg/hm ² of straw biochar evenly spread on the soil surface; the improved method of the present invention combines soil surface application with furrow application between rows of tea trees, and is detected during the key growth period of tobacco Residues in the soil of each treatment, tobacco agronomic and economic traits at the flat top stage, etc.

The results of the study showed that: with the growth and development of tobacco, all treatments reduced the residual quinclorac content in tobacco field soil to varying degrees, among which T3 had the best effect, followed by T2 treatment. After harvesting, the soil The residual amount of quinclorac was already below the detection line (Table 1). At the same time, after the chemical remediation and comprehensive remediation methods of quinclorac residues in tobacco fields were adopted, the incidence and disease index of bacterial wilt in the flat top stage of flue-cured tobacco in each treatment were significantly reduced compared with the control (Table 2). It can be seen from the agronomic traits of tobacco at the flat-top stage (Table 3) and the main economic traits of the cured tobacco leaves (Table 4) that compared with the control, different restoration technology treatments significantly promoted the growth and development of tobacco, and improved the quality of tobacco leaves. The output, output value and the proportion of middle and high-grade smoke, among which the T3 treatment with comprehensive restoration measures has the best effect. In addition, the comprehensive restoration method has a good improvement effect on soil acidification (Figure 1), and can increase the pH value of acidified soil by 0.5-1 unit.

Table 1 Research on the degradation effect of quinclorac by different restoration measures

Table 2 The incidence of bacterial wilt in flue-cured tobacco at the flat top stage of different quinclorac degradation and restoration tests

Table 3 Agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco at flat top stage in different quinclorac degradation and restoration tests

Table 4 Main economic traits of cured tobacco leaves in different quinclorac degradation and restoration tests

The above test results show that the present invention can effectively eliminate the quinclorac residues in the soil, significantly improve the growth and development of tobacco, and have the effects of preventing tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the acidification of tobacco field soil, and finally by improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil. and the nutritional status of tobacco plants to restore and improve the yield and quality of tobacco.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of comprehensive restoration method of dichloroquine phosphate herbicide residue in the tobacco field, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: (1) After the rice is harvested, first conduct soil sample surveys to detect the residual amount of quinclorac in the soil. If the residual amount is higher than 0.05 mg/kg, it will reach a suitable level in the paddy field from December of the current year to January of the next year. Deep plowing should be carried out when the humidity is low, only plowing without raking, and the plowing depth should not be lower than 30cm, and then sun-dried; (2) One month before the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, carry out 1-2 times of field irrigation, so that the field surface always maintains a 3-5 cm deep water layer for 5-7 days, and then drain the excess water in the field; (3) When the field has no water, cracks and the moisture content is slightly dry, sprinkle a certain amount of quicklime or dolomite powder on the field surface, then carry out mechanical mixing and land preparation work, and rake the fields; (4) Before transplanting tobacco seedlings, use straw biochar or carbon-based organic fertilizer, apply them on the bottom of the ridge, and then apply tobacco-specific fertilizers, and transplant them under the film of small seedlings; (5) When the tobacco leaves enter the grouping period or the flourishing period, if the leaf surface begins to show slight symptoms of quinclorac poisoning (the leaves begin to deform and appear rat-tailed), spray the leaves with gibberellin (920), The mixed solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mancozeb or zinc zinc is sprayed on the leaves 2-3 times. 2. A method for comprehensive restoration of dichloroquine phosphate herbicide residues in tobacco fields as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: for the deep plowing measures adopted in step (1), the plowing depth is not less than 30 cm, and the drying time is Not less than 2 months. 3. A comprehensive restoration method for dichloroquine phosphate herbicide residues in tobacco fields as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the irrigation time in step (2) is at least 1 month before transplanting, and according to the herbicide Residual severity, when > 0.05 mg/kg, < 0.15 mg/kg, determine the number of irrigation times 2 times, when > 0.15 mg/kg, determine the number of irrigation times 1-2 times, and keep the water layer at a depth of 3-5 cm , each time for 5-7 days. 4. A comprehensive repair method for dichloroquine phosphate herbicide residues in tobacco fields as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the fineness of quicklime or dolomite powder described in step (3) requires an aperture diameter of 380 μm (40 mesh) sieve, the dosage is 750-1500 kg/hm ² for quicklime and 1500-2250 kg/hm ² for dolomite powder. 5. A comprehensive repair method for dichloroquine phosphate herbicide residues in tobacco fields as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the source of straw biochar raw materials in step (4) is rice, wheat, corn, rapeseed Or tobacco stalks are made through a high-temperature anaerobic fixed carbon-making process, and carbon-based organic fertilizers are also mainly made of straw biochar as the main raw material. 6. A method for comprehensive restoration of dichloroquine phosphate herbicide residues in tobacco fields as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the gibberellin, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mancozeb described in step (5) Or zinc zinc mixture, the concentration of gibberellin is 10-20 mg/kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 750-1000 times liquid, mancozeb or zinc zinc is 1000-1500 times liquid, spray Spray once every 5-7 days, and spray 2-3 times continuously.