CN104867686A - 一种掺杂银锡合金的复合活性炭电极材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种掺杂银锡合金的复合活性炭电极材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
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- H01G11/44—Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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- H01G11/46—Metal oxides
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种掺杂银锡合金的复合活性炭电极材料，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料制成：银锡合金1-2、四氧化三钴2-3、硅酸亚铁锂2-3、纳米硫化镍1-2、氧化铪1-2、改性废弃PVC基活性炭110-120、钛酸酯偶联剂1-2、蒸馏水10-15、羧甲基纤维素1-2；本发明利用废弃的PVC制备电极材料活性炭，具有比表面积大、导电率高等优点，对资源合理化利用，解决环境污染的问题，附着在炭基材料表面的银锡合金提高电极的电导率、稳定性、电化性能等作用，掺杂的四氧化三钴使电容器具有良好的循环稳定性能，本发明的电极材料可作为一种新型的电极材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化学能源材料领域，特别是一种掺杂银锡合金的复合活性炭电极材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们对能源问题的日益关注，超级电容器作为一种能量密度高、循环寿命长和安全性高的新型储能装置受到各国的重视。超级电容器又称电化学电容器，其电极材料是最为关键部分，也是决定其性能的主要因素，因此开发具有优异性能的电极材料是超级电容器研究的核心问题。银锡合金具有机械强度高、导电性能好，超电压低、节省电能、寿命长等优点，附着在炭基电极材料的表面能够提高电导率、稳定性、电化性能等的作用，并且还掺杂四氧化三钴使电容器具有良好的循环稳定性能，本发明的电极材料可作为一种新型的电极材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种掺杂银锡合金的复合活性炭电极材料及其制备方法。
为了实现本发明的目的，本发明通过以下方案实施：
一种掺杂银锡合金的复合活性炭电极材料，由下列重量份的原料制成：银锡合金1-2、四氧化三钴2-3、硅酸亚铁锂2-3、纳米硫化镍1-2、氧化铪1-2、改性废弃PVC基活性炭110-120、钛酸酯偶联剂1-2、蒸馏水10-15、羧甲基纤维素1-2；
所述改性废弃PVC基活性炭是由下列重量份的原料制成：硫酸钠2-3、硫酸铝钾1-2、电气石2-3、氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷2-3、硬脂酸钙1-2、氮化铝粉1-2、氧化石墨烯1-2、废弃PVC材料400-500、氢氧化钙15-25、20%的硫酸30-50；制备方法是将废弃PVC材料破碎、筛分后得到粒径在5-10mm的粒料，将所得粒料和氢氧化钙通入炭化炉中，通入预热至300°C的水蒸气，迅速升高温度至800-900°C进行炭化、活化，冷却至常温后加到20%的硫酸中，于60-70°C下反应3-5小时，再用去离子水洗涤至中性，和氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷及其余剩余的物质混合加热至70-90°C搅拌反应30-50分钟，干燥后研磨即可。
本发明所述一种掺杂银锡合金的复合活性炭电极材料，由以下步骤具体制成：
（1）将蒸馏水、羧甲基纤维素和改性废弃PVC基活性炭混合搅拌均匀，加热至50-60°C，形成浆料，喷雾干燥后备用；
（2）将银锡合金加热至熔融和步骤（1）的产物及其余剩余物质混合搅拌均匀，置于管式炉中，通入纯氨气，在400-600°C温度下退火处理2-4小时，得到氮包覆的废弃PVC基复合电极材料。
本发明的优点是：本发明利用废弃的PVC制备电极材料活性炭，具有比表面积大、导电率高等优点，对资源合理化利用，解决环境污染的问题，附着在炭基材料表面的银锡合金提高电极的电导率、稳定性、电化性能等作用，掺杂的四氧化三钴使电容器具有良好的循环稳定性能，本发明的电极材料可作为一种新型的电极材料。
具体实施方案
下面通过具体实例对本发明进行详细说明。
一种掺杂银锡合金的复合活性炭电极材料，由下列重量份（公斤）的原料制成：银锡合金2、四氧化三钴3、硅酸亚铁锂3、纳米硫化镍1、氧化铪2、改性废弃PVC基活性炭120、钛酸酯偶联剂2、蒸馏水14、羧甲基纤维素2；
所述改性废弃PVC基活性炭是由下列重量份（公斤）的原料制成：硫酸钠2、硫酸铝钾1、电气石2、氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷2、硬脂酸钙1、氮化铝粉2、氧化石墨烯2、废弃PVC材料500、氢氧化钙20、20%的硫酸45；制备方法是将废弃PVC材料破碎、筛分后得到粒径在5-10mm的粒料，将所得粒料和氢氧化钙通入炭化炉中，通入预热至300°C的水蒸气，迅速升高温度至800-900°C进行炭化、活化，冷却至常温后加到20%的硫酸中，于60-70°C下反应3-5小时，再用去离子水洗涤至中性，和氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷及其余剩余的物质混合加热至70-90°C搅拌反应30-50分钟，干燥后研磨即可。
本发明所述一种掺杂银锡合金的复合活性炭电极材料，由以下步骤具体制成：
（1）将蒸馏水、羧甲基纤维素和改性废弃PVC基活性炭混合搅拌均匀，加热至50-60°C，形成浆料，喷雾干燥后备用；
（2）将银锡合金加热至熔融和步骤（1）的产物及其余剩余物质混合搅拌均匀，置于管式炉中，通入纯氨气，在400-600°C温度下退火处理2-4小时，得到氮包覆的废弃PVC基复合电极材料。
以实施例中的电极材料和导电剂、粘结剂按照比例混合，加入少量的无水乙醇混合均匀，均匀涂抹在不锈钢网集流体上真空干燥，以饱和甘汞电极为参比电极，聚四氟乙烯为隔膜，以6mol/l的KOH电解质水溶液为电解液，在1.2-2.5V的范围内，在恒流（5mA）下进行循环测试，容量：1.73F，内阻：1.6Ω·m，循环容量保持率（%）：98.8。
Claims (2)
1.一种掺杂银锡合金的复合活性炭电极材料，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料制成：银锡合金1-2、四氧化三钴2-3、硅酸亚铁锂2-3、纳米硫化镍1-2、氧化铪1-2、改性废弃PVC基活性炭110-120、钛酸酯偶联剂1-2、蒸馏水10-15、羧甲基纤维素1-2；
所述改性废弃PVC基活性炭是由下列重量份的原料制成：硫酸钠2-3、硫酸铝钾1-2、电气石2-3、氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷2-3、硬脂酸钙1-2、氮化铝粉1-2、氧化石墨烯1-2、废弃PVC材料400-500、氢氧化钙15-25、20%的硫酸30-50；制备方法是将废弃PVC材料破碎、筛分后得到粒径在5-10mm的粒料，将所得粒料和氢氧化钙通入炭化炉中，通入预热至300°C的水蒸气，迅速升高温度至800-900°C进行炭化、活化，冷却至常温后加到20%的硫酸中，于60-70°C下反应3-5小时，再用去离子水洗涤至中性，和氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷及其余剩余的物质混合加热至70-90°C搅拌反应30-50分钟，干燥后研磨即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种掺杂银锡合金的复合活性炭电极材料，其特征在于，由以下步骤具体制成：
（1）将蒸馏水、羧甲基纤维素和改性废弃PVC基活性炭混合搅拌均匀，加热至50-60°C，形成浆料，喷雾干燥后备用；
（2）将银锡合金加热至熔融和步骤（1）的产物及其余剩余物质混合搅拌均匀，置于管式炉中，通入纯氨气，在400-600°C温度下退火处理2-4小时，得到氮包覆的废弃PVC基复合电极材料。
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