CN104857363A - Combined Chinese herbal preparation for reducing blood fat and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a blood lipid-lowering traditional Chinese medicine combination preparation and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine; the raw materials of the active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation of the invention are composed of calendula chrysanthemum, privet lucidum, puhuang, rose root, imperata rhizome, Phyllostachys husk, Jianserum, Artemisia annua, Cepsis, Rubia root, Rhizoma Polygonatum, Lycium barbarum, Acanthopanax, Eucommia bark, Eucommia ulmoides winged kernel, Daxueteng; the traditional Chinese medicine preparation of the present invention has a reasonable prescription, is convenient to use, and has a good absorption effect , no adverse and toxic side effects, clinically proven, can effectively reduce blood cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein content, has an excellent therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemia, suitable for clinical treatment of hyperlipidemia and nursing promotion and application.

Description

A kind of traditional Chinese medicine combination preparation for lowering blood fat and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, and in particular relates to a blood lipid-lowering traditional Chinese medicine combination preparation and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Abnormal fat metabolism or operation makes one or more lipids in plasma higher than normal, which is called hyperlipidemia. Modern medicine is referred to as dyslipidemia, and lipid is insoluble or slightly soluble in water and must be combined with protein to exist in the form of lipoprotein. Therefore, hyperlipidemia is usually hyperlipoproteinemia. Currently recognized hyperlipidemia, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and complex hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia is an important risk factor for diseases such as atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, and kidney damage.

In recent years, the morbidity and fatality rate of hyperlipidemia in my country has been increasing year by year. It has not only become the first cause of death of middle-aged and elderly people in my country, but also has a trend of getting younger. Lowering blood lipids In addition to low-fat diets, using lipid-lowering drugs to achieve lipid-lowering effects is one of the research goals in the field of pharmacology. At present, the most commonly used lipid-lowering drugs clinically are Chinese herbal medicines. As Chinese herbal medicines, they have their own advantages, such as relatively low toxicity and few side effects, which enable Chinese herbal medicines to be widely used clinically.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a Chinese medicine combination preparation for lowering blood fat and a preparation method thereof; the Chinese medicine preparation of the invention has reasonable prescription, is convenient to use, has good absorption effect, has no adverse effects and side effects, and can effectively reduce cholesterol and glycerol in the blood through clinical verification. The content of three lipids and low-density lipoprotein has an excellent therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemia, and is suitable for clinical treatment and nursing promotion of hyperlipidemia.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows.

A blood lipid-lowering traditional Chinese medicine combination preparation and a preparation method thereof, the raw material composition and parts by weight of the active ingredients of the Chinese medicine preparation are:

30-55 parts of calendula, 28-53 parts of privet fruit, 26-52 parts of cattail, 24-50 parts of rose root

24-48 parts of Rhizoma Imperatae, 22-46 parts of Mottled Bamboo Shell, 21-45 parts of See Serum, 20-44 parts of Artemisia annua

18-40 parts of Coniferia, 16-39 parts of madder root, 14-38 parts of sealwort, 12-37 parts of medlar

Acanthopanax 9-33 parts, Eucommia bark 7-31 parts, Eucommia winged nuts 6-29 parts, Daxueteng 4-24 parts.

The raw material composition and the parts by weight of making described Chinese medicine preparation active ingredient are:

30 parts of calendula, 28 parts of privet fruit, 26 parts of cattail, 24 parts of rose root

24 parts of Rhizoma Imperatae, 22 parts of Mottled Bamboo Shell, 21 parts of See Serum, 20 parts of Artemisia annua

18 parts of Jingfeng grass, 16 parts of madder root, 14 parts of sealwort, 12 parts of medlar

9 parts of Acanthopanax, 7 parts of Eucommia bark, 6 parts of Eucommia winged nuts, and 4 parts of Daxueteng.

The raw material composition and the parts by weight of making described Chinese medicine preparation active ingredient are:

45 parts of calendula, 43 parts of Ligustrum lucidum, 42 parts of cattail, 40 parts of rose root

38 parts of Rhizoma Imperatae, 36 parts of Mottled Bamboo Shell, 35 parts of See Serum, 34 parts of Artemisia annua

30 parts of convulsion grass, 29 parts of madder root, 28 parts of sealwort, 27 parts of medlar

23 parts of Acanthopanax, 21 parts of Eucommia bark, 19 parts of Eucommia winged nuts, and 14 parts of Daxueteng.

The raw material composition and the parts by weight of making described Chinese medicine preparation active ingredient are:

53 parts of calendula, 51 parts of Ligustrum lucidum, 50 parts of cattail, 48 parts of rose root

46 parts of Rhizoma Imperatae, 44 parts of Mottled Bamboo Shell, 43 parts of See Serum, 42 parts of Artemisia annua

38 parts of Jingfeng grass, 37 parts of madder root, 36 parts of sealwort, 35 parts of medlar

32 parts of Acanthopanax, 29 parts of Eucommia bark, 27 parts of Eucommia winged nuts, and 22 parts of Daxueteng.

A preparation method of a Chinese medicine combination preparation for lowering blood fat, comprising the following process steps:

(1) Remove impurities from calendula chrysanthemum, Ligustrum lucidum, Puhuang, rose root, Imperata rhizome, Jianshen, Jingfengcao, madder root, Polygonatum, medlar, Acanthopanax, bark of Eucommia, and Daxueteng. Add 5-10 times distilled water to the container, extract at 60°C for 3-5 hours, boil for 1-2 hours to obtain the extract, filter to obtain the filtrate, and concentrate the filtrate to an extract with a relative density of 1-1.3 , cooled to room temperature, sterilized by ultraviolet radiation, and set aside;

(2) Remove impurities from mottled bamboo shells, microwave-dry, burn ashes to obtain powder, sterilize with ultraviolet radiation, and set aside;

(3) Take Artemisia annua to remove impurities, microwave-dry, pulverize, pass through 80-mesh fine powder, extract volatile oil by steam distillation, sterilize with ultraviolet radiation, and set aside;

(4) Take the ulmoides ulmoides wing nuts to remove impurities, dry them in microwave, crush them through an 80-mesh sieve, put them into an extraction kettle, and use supercritical CO ₂ extraction technology for extraction. The extraction pressure is controlled at 35 MPa, the extraction temperature is 30°C, and the separation temperature 35°C, extraction time 1-2 hours, to obtain the extract, concentrate the extract to an extract with a relative density of 1-1.3, cool to room temperature, sterilize with ultraviolet radiation, and set aside;

(5) After fully mixing the extract obtained in step (1) with the powder obtained in step (2), the volatile oil obtained in step (3) and the extract obtained in step (4), you can add or not add pharmaceutical Acceptable auxiliary materials (disintegrants, binders, etc.) are made into various dosage forms, such as powders, granules, mixtures, etc., which are the blood lipid-lowering traditional Chinese medicine combination preparations of the present invention.

The property of medicine of Chinese medicine used in the present invention is as follows.

Calendula chrysanthemum: mild in taste, mild in nature. Cooling blood to stop bleeding; clearing away heat and purging fire. Intestinal wind and blood in the stool; conjunctival congestion, swelling and pain, has the effects of lowering blood lipids, calming the nerves, and improving immunity.

Ligustrum lucidum: sweet in the mouth, bitter, cool in nature. Return liver, kidney channel. Nourishing liver and kidney, improving eyesight and black hair. It is used for vertigo and tinnitus, soreness of the waist and knees, premature graying of the beard and hair, and blurred vision. It has the effects of lowering blood fat and resisting arteriosclerosis.

Puhuang: sweet in taste, calm in nature. Return liver, pericardium channel. Stops bleeding, removes blood stasis, relieves stranguria. For vomiting blood, epistaxis, hemoptysis, uterine bleeding, traumatic bleeding, amenorrhea dysmenorrhea, epigastric pain, tumbling pain, bloody stranguria pain. It has the effects of lowering blood fat and anti-atherosclerosis.

Rose root: bitter in taste, cool in nature. Return spleen, stomach, kidney channel. Heat-clearing and toxic substances removing, removing wind-heat and damp-heat, expelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation and regulating menstruation, strengthening essence and reducing urination. It has the effects of lowering blood fat and anti-atherosclerosis.

Rhizoma Imperatae: sweet in taste, cold in nature. Return lung, stomach, urinary bladder channel. Cooling blood to stop bleeding, clearing away heat and diuresis. For blood-heat vomiting blood, fever polydipsia, jaundice and so on. "Compendium of Materia Medica" contains: "The main cause of fatigue and injury is deficiency, nourishing the middle and nourishing qi. The liver stores blood and governs the tendons, nourishes the blood and cools the liver, then the tendons are strong. Blood heat leads to collapse, cooling blood and blood, then collapse will heal itself. It nourishes the spleen, invigorates the middle, and promotes urination, so it also cures edema and jaundice, and also treats typhoid fever.".

Bamboo husk: bitter in the mouth, cold in nature. Cooling blood and penetrating rash, clearing blood heat.

See serum: bitter in taste, cool in nature. Cooling blood to stop bleeding, clearing away heat and detoxification. "Zhejiang Folk Commonly Used Herbs" contains: "clearing away heat and detoxification, nourishing the lungs and stopping bleeding.".

Artemisia annua: bitter in the mouth, slightly sweet, cool in nature. Heat-clearing, cooling blood, detoxification. "Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine" contains: "It can clear blood heat, liver heat, and relieve hot flashes. It can treat constipation.".

Herba Fructus: Bitter in the mouth, cool in nature. Return liver, spleen, large intestine channel. Clearing away heat and dampness; detoxification; cooling liver. "Yunnan Chinese Herbal Medicine" contains: "clearing the liver and eliminating accumulation.".

Rubia root: bitter in the mouth, cold in nature. GUIXIN, Liver Channel. "The Classic" contains: "mainly cold-damp wind arthralgia, jaundice, nourishing the middle.".

Polygonatum: sweet in taste, flat in nature. Return spleen, lung, kidney channel. Tonify qi and nourish yin, invigorate the spleen, moisten the lungs, and benefit the kidneys.

Lycium barbarum: sweet in taste, flat in nature. Return liver, kidney channel. Nourishing liver and kidney, benefiting energy and improving eyesight. It is used for consumptive essence deficiency, soreness of waist and knees, dizziness and tinnitus, internal heat and thirst, blood deficiency and chlorosis, and blurred vision. "Book of Materia Medica" contains: "Treatment of liver wind and blood deficiency, red eyes, pain, itching and dimness.".

Acanthopanax: spicy, slightly bitter, warm in nature. Return spleen, kidney, heart channel. Invigorate Qi and invigorate the spleen, invigorate the kidney and calm the nerves. For spleen and kidney yang deficiency, physical weakness and fatigue, loss of appetite, soreness of the waist and knees, insomnia and dreaminess.

Eucommia bark: sweet in taste, warm in nature. Return liver, kidney channel. Invigorate liver and kidney, strengthen muscles and bones, and prevent miscarriage. For kidney deficiency low back pain, weakness of muscles and bones, high blood pressure.

Eucommia ulmoides: rich in linolenic acid, linoleic acid and other unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, aucubin, pinoresinol diglucoside and other polyiridoid glycosides and other active ingredients; can effectively Inhibit thrombotic diseases, prevent myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction and many other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, reduce serum cholesterol levels, prevent hypertension, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease.

Radix Scutellariae: bitter in the mouth, flat in nature. Return large intestine, Liver Channel. Heat-clearing and toxic substances removing, promoting blood circulation, expelling wind. For intestinal abscess abdominal pain, amenorrhea dysmenorrhea, rheumatic arthralgia, tumbling swelling pain.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The medicinal materials selected for the traditional Chinese medicine preparation of the present invention are suitable in compatibility, conform to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine, and the various medicinal materials complement each other, have a significant effect on lowering blood lipids, are safe and reliable, and treat both symptoms and root causes, and are worthy of widespread clinical application;

(2) Compared with the preparation method of the prior art, the preparation method of the present invention is simple, suitable for industrial production, and has high extraction efficiency.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Example 1.

The composition of raw materials and the parts by weight of the active ingredients of the Chinese medicine preparation of the present invention are:

30 parts of calendula, 28 parts of privet fruit, 26 parts of cattail, 24 parts of rose root

24 parts of Rhizoma Imperatae, 22 parts of Mottled Bamboo Shell, 21 parts of See Serum, 20 parts of Artemisia annua

18 parts of Jingfeng grass, 16 parts of madder root, 14 parts of sealwort, 12 parts of medlar

9 parts of Acanthopanax, 7 parts of Eucommia bark, 6 parts of Eucommia winged nuts, and 4 parts of Daxueteng.

The preparation method of the Chinese medicine combination preparation of the present invention comprises the following process steps:

(1) Remove impurities from calendula chrysanthemum, Ligustrum lucidum, Puhuang, rose root, Imperata rhizome, Jianshen, Jingfengcao, madder root, Polygonatum, medlar, Acanthopanax, bark of Eucommia, and Daxueteng. Add 5-10 times distilled water to the container, extract at 60°C for 3-5 hours, boil for 1-2 hours to obtain the extract, filter to obtain the filtrate, and concentrate the filtrate to an extract with a relative density of 1-1.3 , cooled to room temperature, sterilized by ultraviolet radiation, and set aside;

(2) Remove impurities from mottled bamboo shells, microwave-dry, burn ashes to obtain powder, sterilize with ultraviolet radiation, and set aside;

(3) Take Artemisia annua to remove impurities, microwave-dry, pulverize, pass through 80-mesh fine powder, extract volatile oil by steam distillation, sterilize with ultraviolet radiation, and set aside;

(4) Take Eucommia ulmoides to remove impurities, dry them in microwave, crush them through an 80-mesh sieve, put them into an extraction kettle, and use supercritical CO ₂ extraction technology for extraction. The extraction pressure is controlled at 35 MPa, the extraction temperature is 30°C, and the separation temperature is 35°C, extraction time 1-2 hours, to obtain the extract, concentrate the extract to an extract with a relative density of 1-1.3, cool to room temperature, sterilize with ultraviolet radiation, and set aside;

(5) After fully mixing the extract obtained in step (1) with the powder obtained in step (2), the volatile oil obtained in step (3) and the extract obtained in step (4), you can add or not add pharmaceutical Acceptable auxiliary materials (disintegrants, binders, etc.) are made into various dosage forms, such as powders, granules, mixtures, etc., which are the blood lipid-lowering traditional Chinese medicine combination preparations of the present invention.

Dosage: Take orally, 3 times a day, once in the morning, noon, and evening, 2 tablets each time, 15 days as a course of treatment, usually 2-3 courses of treatment are effective, in severe cases, follow the doctor's advice to increase the dosage.

Example 2.

The composition of raw materials and the parts by weight of the active ingredients of the Chinese medicine preparation of the present invention are:

45 parts of calendula, 43 parts of Ligustrum lucidum, 42 parts of cattail, 40 parts of rose root

38 parts of Rhizoma Imperatae, 36 parts of Mottled Bamboo Shell, 35 parts of See Serum, 34 parts of Artemisia annua

30 parts of convulsion grass, 29 parts of madder root, 28 parts of sealwort, 27 parts of medlar

23 parts of Acanthopanax, 21 parts of Eucommia bark, 19 parts of Eucommia winged nuts, and 14 parts of Daxueteng.

The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation of the present embodiment is the same as the embodiment 1 in terms of process steps, usage and dosage.

Example 3.

The composition of raw materials and the parts by weight of the active ingredients of the Chinese medicine preparation of the present invention are:

53 parts of calendula, 51 parts of Ligustrum lucidum, 50 parts of cattail, 48 parts of rose root

46 parts of Rhizoma Imperatae, 44 parts of Mottled Bamboo Shell, 43 parts of See Serum, 42 parts of Artemisia annua

38 parts of Jingfeng grass, 37 parts of madder root, 36 parts of sealwort, 35 parts of medlar

32 parts of Acanthopanax, 29 parts of Eucommia bark, 27 parts of Eucommia winged nuts, and 22 parts of Daxueteng.

The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation of the present embodiment is the same as the embodiment 1 in terms of process steps, usage and dosage.

clinical information.

1. Case selection:

A total of 100 cases that met the diagnostic criteria for hyperlipidemia were selected.

2. Drug selection:

The patients in the treatment group took the Chinese medicine preparation of the present invention, orally, 3 times a day, once in the morning, noon and evening, 2 tablets each time, 15 days was a course of treatment, and took 2 courses of treatment.

3. Judgment of curative effect:

Diagnostic criteria: Hyperlipidemia is diagnosed when total cholesterol in fasting serum exceeds 572 mmol/L and triglyceride exceeds 1.70 mmol/L in adults. Those with total cholesterol between 5.2 and 5.7 mmol/L are called marginally elevated;

According to the determination results of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, hyperlipidemia is usually divided into the following four types: (1) hypercholesterolemia: the serum total cholesterol content is increased, exceeding 572 mmol /L, while the triglyceride content is normal, that is, triglyceride <1.70 mmol/L. (2) Hypertriglyceridemia: Serum triglyceride content increased, exceeding 1.70 mmol/L, while total cholesterol content was normal, that is, total cholesterol was 5.72 mmol/L. (3) Mixed hyperlipidemia: Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels are both increased, that is, total cholesterol exceeds 572 mmol/L, and triglyceride exceeds 1.70 mmol/L. (4) Low high-density lipoproteinemia: serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) content decreased to 9.0 mmol/L;

Judgment of therapeutic effect: (1) Ineffective: Blood lipids did not change before and after taking the medicine; (2) Effective: Blood lipids decreased before and after taking the medicine, but did not reach the normal value; (3) Significantly effective: Blood lipids decreased significantly before and after taking the medicine, and could reach the normal value.

4. Results:

Results: Among the 100 patients, 4 cases were ineffective, 64 cases were effective, and 32 cases were markedly effective. The total effective rate (sum of effective and marked effect) is 96%.

Claims (5)

1. a Chinese medicine composition preparation for blood fat reducing, is characterized in that: raw material composition and the parts by weight of making described Chinese medicine preparation effective ingredient are:

Calendula officinalis spends 30 ~ 55 parts of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, 28 ~ 53 parts of Pollen Typhaes, 26 ~ 52 portions of Radix rosae multifloraes 24 ~ 50 parts

Rhizoma Imperatae 24 ~ 48 parts of Sheaths phyllostachydis bambusoidiss 22 ~ 46 parts of Herba Liparidis nervosaes 21 ~ 45 portions of Herba Artemisiae Japonicaes 20 ~ 44 parts

Herba Thalictri elati 18 ~ 40 parts of Radix Rubiae 16 ~ 39 parts of Rhizoma Polygonatis 14 ~ 38 parts of Fructus Lycii 12 ~ 37 parts

Radix Et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi 9 ~ 33 parts of Cortex Eucommiae 7 ~ 31 parts of eucommia seed 6 ~ 29 portions of Caulis Sargentodoxae 4 ~ 24 parts.

2. according to the Chinese medicine composition preparation of a kind of blood fat reducing described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: raw material composition and the parts by weight of making described Chinese medicine preparation effective ingredient are:

Calendula officinalis spends 30 parts of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, 28 parts of Pollen Typhaes, 26 portions of Radix rosae multifloraes 24 parts

Rhizoma Imperatae 24 parts of Sheaths phyllostachydis bambusoidiss 22 parts of Herba Liparidis nervosaes 21 portions of Herba Artemisiae Japonicaes 20 parts

Herba Thalictri elati 18 parts of Radix Rubiae 16 parts of Rhizoma Polygonatis 14 parts of Fructus Lycii 12 parts

Radix Et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi 9 parts of Cortex Eucommiae 7 parts of eucommia seed 6 portions of Caulis Sargentodoxae 4 parts.

3. according to the Chinese medicine composition preparation of a kind of blood fat reducing described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: raw material composition and the parts by weight of making described Chinese medicine preparation effective ingredient are:

Calendula officinalis spends 45 parts of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, 43 parts of Pollen Typhaes, 42 portions of Radix rosae multifloraes 40 parts

Rhizoma Imperatae 38 parts of Sheaths phyllostachydis bambusoidiss 36 parts of Herba Liparidis nervosaes 35 portions of Herba Artemisiae Japonicaes 34 parts

Herba Thalictri elati 30 parts of Radix Rubiae 29 parts of Rhizoma Polygonatis 28 parts of Fructus Lycii 27 parts

Radix Et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi 23 parts of Cortex Eucommiae 21 parts of eucommia seed 19 portions of Caulis Sargentodoxae 14 parts.

4. according to the Chinese medicine composition preparation of a kind of blood fat reducing described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: raw material composition and the parts by weight of making described Chinese medicine preparation effective ingredient are:

Calendula officinalis spends 53 parts of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, 51 parts of Pollen Typhaes, 50 portions of Radix rosae multifloraes 48 parts

Rhizoma Imperatae 46 parts of Sheaths phyllostachydis bambusoidiss 44 parts of Herba Liparidis nervosaes 43 portions of Herba Artemisiae Japonicaes 42 parts

Herba Thalictri elati 38 parts of Radix Rubiae 37 parts of Rhizoma Polygonatis 36 parts of Fructus Lycii 35 parts

Radix Et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi 32 parts of Cortex Eucommiae 29 parts of eucommia seed 27 portions of Caulis Sargentodoxae 22 parts.

5. the preparation method of the Chinese medicine composition preparation of blood fat reducing as described in any one of Claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that: comprise following processing step:

(1) by Calendula officinalis flower, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, Pollen Typhae, Radix rosae multiflorae, Rhizoma Imperatae, Herba Liparidis nervosae, Herba Thalictri elati, Radix Rubiae, Rhizoma Polygonati, Fructus Lycii, Radix Et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi, Cortex Eucommiae, Caulis Sargentodoxae decontamination, be placed in container, add the distilled water of 5 ~ 10 times, 60 DEG C of lixiviates are after 3 ~ 5 hours, boil 1 ~ 2 hour, obtain extracting solution, filter, obtain filtrate, filtrate is concentrated into the extractum that relative density is 1 ~ 1.3, be cooled to room temperature, ultraviolet radiation sterilizing, for subsequent use;

(2) get Sheaths phyllostachydis bambusoidis decontamination, microwave drying, ashing obtains powder, ultraviolet radiation sterilizing, for subsequent use;

(3) get Herba Artemisiae Japonicae decontamination, microwave drying, pulverize, cross 80 order fine powders, extraction by steam distillation volatile oil, ultraviolet radiation sterilizing, for subsequent use;

(4) get eucommia seed decontamination, microwave drying, pulverized 80 mesh sieves, load in extraction kettle, adopt supercritical CO ₂abstraction technique extracts, and control extracting pressure 35 MPa, extraction temperature 30 DEG C, separation temperature 35 DEG C, extraction time 1 ~ 2 hour, obtains extract, extract is concentrated into the extractum that relative density is 1 ~ 1.3, is cooled to room temperature, ultraviolet radiation sterilizing, for subsequent use;

(5) by the extractum of step (1) gained, after fully mixing with the extractum of the powder of step (2) gained, the volatile oil of step (3) gained and step (4) gained, can add or not add pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant (disintegrating agent, binding agent etc.) and make various dosage form, as powder, granule, mixture etc., be the Chinese medicine composition preparation of blood fat reducing of the present invention.