CN104833886B - A kind of direct current drop point harmonic wave evaluation method conducted from hiigh pressure stage to low-pressure stage - Google Patents
A kind of direct current drop point harmonic wave evaluation method conducted from hiigh pressure stage to low-pressure stage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种从高压级向低压级传导的直流落点谐波评价方法,包括以下步骤:(1)若待评价谐波的位置位于电网公共连接点,则进入步骤(2),若位于电网不同层级之间,则进入步骤(5);(2)获得系统谐波阻抗Zs和用户谐波阻抗Zc,从公共连接点流向Zc的谐波电流(3)将等效为从用户侧注入公共连接点的谐波电流(4)将值与国标允许值比较并评价;(5)获得直流侧节点的谐波自阻抗负荷侧节点线性负荷的等值谐波阻抗直流侧节点流向负荷侧节点线性负荷的谐波电流(6)将等效为负荷侧节点的注入谐波电流(7)将值与国标允许值比较并评价。本发明对城市电网直流落点谐波从高压级向低压级的传导,提供了有效的谐波评价方法。
The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the harmonics of the DC drop point conducted from the high-voltage stage to the low-voltage stage, comprising the following steps: (1) If the location of the harmonic to be evaluated is located at the common connection point of the power grid, then enter step (2); if it is located Between different levels of the power grid, enter step (5); (2) Obtain the system harmonic impedance Z s and user harmonic impedance Z c , and the harmonic current flowing from the common connection point to Z c (3) Will Equivalent to the harmonic current injected into the common connection point from the user side (4) will Values are compared and evaluated with the allowable value of the national standard; (5) Obtain the harmonic self-impedance of the DC side node Equivalent harmonic impedance of linear load at load side nodes Harmonic current flowing from the DC side node to the linear load of the load side node (6) Will Equivalent to the injected harmonic current of the load side node (7) will The value is compared and evaluated with the allowable value of the national standard. The invention provides an effective harmonic evaluation method for the conduction of the direct current drop point harmonics of the urban power grid from the high-voltage level to the low-voltage level.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电网谐波评价方法,尤其是涉及一种从高压级向低压级传导的直流落点谐波评价方法。The invention relates to a method for evaluating harmonics of a power grid, in particular to a method for evaluating harmonics of a direct current drop point conducted from a high-voltage stage to a low-voltage stage.
背景技术Background technique
在电力系统中出现谐波电压和电流会对电气设备产生危害,造成设备过热、绝缘老化,引起传输能量的衰减,功率因数的降低,因此,谐波问题历来受到重视。随着电力电子元件在电力系统中的大量使用,它们在改善电能质量之余,也给系统带来了更为严重和复杂的谐波问题。Harmonic voltage and current in the power system will cause harm to electrical equipment, cause equipment overheating, insulation aging, cause attenuation of transmitted energy, and reduce power factor. Therefore, harmonic problems have always been paid attention to. With the extensive use of power electronic components in the power system, they not only improve the power quality, but also bring more serious and complex harmonic problems to the system.
在我国能源流通量大、距离远的实际情况下,国家正着手建立强大的特高压输电网络。西电东送、南北互供、全国联网、大范围内的资源共享和优化配置的要求给电力事业提出新的考验,高压直流输电技术应运而生。高压直流输电采用的换流装置是典型的非线性电子装置,它在电能传输过程中会在换流变的交直流侧产生各种谐波。Under the actual situation of large energy circulation and long distances in our country, the country is starting to build a strong UHV transmission network. West-to-east power transmission, north-south mutual supply, national networking, large-scale resource sharing and optimal allocation requirements put new challenges on the electric power industry, and high-voltage direct current transmission technology emerged as the times require. The converter device used in HVDC transmission is a typical nonlinear electronic device, which will generate various harmonics on the AC and DC side of the converter during the power transmission process.
对于含直流落点的城市电网,谐波传导具有双向性,即低电压级的非线性负荷产生的谐波向高电压级扩散的同时,高电压级的直流落点谐波也会向低电压级传导。大量实测数据表明,直流落点谐波在城市电网谐波传播中占主导。For urban power grids with DC drop points, harmonic conduction is bidirectional, that is, when the harmonics generated by the nonlinear load at the low voltage level diffuse to the high voltage level, the DC drop point harmonics at the high voltage level will also spread to the low voltage level. grade conduction. A large number of measured data show that the harmonics of the DC landing point are dominant in the harmonic propagation of the urban power grid.
针对这一新问题,首先,直互联系统接入使城市电网谐波具有从高电压等级向低电压等级逐级传导特征,这与低电压级扩散到高电压级的谐波具有不同的特征。然而,现有的谐波分析方法,包括谐波国标评价体系,通常是针对传统电网中谐波由低电压级向高电压级扩散提出的。以公用电网谐波GB/T 14549-1993标准为例,该标准规定了公用电网谐波的谐波电压限值和注入公共连接点的谐波电流允许值,标准中对谐波源的定义仅限于向公共电网注入谐波电流或在公共电网中产生谐波电压的电器设备,在规定公共连接点的谐波电流允许值及分配原则时,也只针对公共连接点的用户侧谐波源,未涉及系统侧谐波源,整个标准的适用范围限于传统电网谐波由低电压级向高电压级扩散的情况。如果仍然直接采用国标框架下的谐波电流允许值来评价直流落点产生的谐波电流大小,由于标准是针对用户侧谐波源制定的,而直流落点谐波属于系统侧,两者概念不同,这种评价将失去意义,目前缺少一种适用于直流落点谐波从高电压级向低电压级传导过程的分析及评价方法。In response to this new problem, first of all, direct interconnection system access makes urban power grid harmonics have the characteristics of step-by-step conduction from high-voltage levels to low-voltage levels, which is different from the harmonics that spread from low-voltage levels to high-voltage levels. However, the existing harmonic analysis methods, including the harmonic national standard evaluation system, are usually proposed for the diffusion of harmonics from low-voltage levels to high-voltage levels in traditional power grids. Take the public grid harmonic GB/T 14549-1993 standard as an example. This standard stipulates the harmonic voltage limit of public grid harmonics and the allowable value of harmonic current injected into the public connection point. The definition of harmonic sources in the standard is only It is limited to electrical equipment that injects harmonic current into the public grid or generates harmonic voltage in the public grid. When specifying the allowable value of harmonic current and the distribution principle of the public connection point, it is only for the user-side harmonic source of the public connection point. Harmonic sources on the system side are not involved, and the scope of application of the entire standard is limited to the situation where traditional power grid harmonics spread from low-voltage levels to high-voltage levels. If you still directly use the allowable value of harmonic current under the framework of the national standard to evaluate the magnitude of the harmonic current generated by the DC drop point, since the standard is formulated for the user-side harmonic source, and the DC drop point harmonics belong to the system side, the two concepts If it is different, this kind of evaluation will lose its meaning. At present, there is a lack of an analysis and evaluation method suitable for the conduction process of DC drop point harmonics from high voltage level to low voltage level.
再者,直流落点谐波经过滤波器抑制后在公共联接点是符合谐波国标的,但受电网结构影响,尤其是电缆和架空线对地电容在电网中的感容耦合容易造成高次谐波放大,从而影响谐波传导过程,导致谐波超标。Furthermore, after the harmonics of the DC landing point are suppressed by the filter, they conform to the national harmonic standard at the public connection point, but affected by the structure of the power grid, especially the inductive coupling of the ground capacitance of cables and overhead lines in the power grid, it is easy to cause high-order Harmonic amplification affects the harmonic conduction process, resulting in excessive harmonics.
因此,找到一种城市电网直流落点谐波从高电压级向低电压级传导特性的分析及评价方法是很有必要的。Therefore, it is necessary to find an analysis and evaluation method for the conduction characteristics of the DC drop point harmonics of the urban power grid from the high voltage level to the low voltage level.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是为了克服现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种对从高压级向低压级传导的直流落点谐波进行有效分析和评价的方法,将高电压级注入低电压级的谐波电流按等效原理转换为谐波国标框架下低电压级注入高电压级的谐波电流,并与国标谐波电流允许值比较,以评价其影响程度。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for effectively analyzing and evaluating the DC drop point harmonics conducted from the high-voltage level to the low-voltage level in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, injecting the high-voltage level into the low-voltage level harmonics According to the equivalent principle, the current is converted into the harmonic current injected into the high voltage level by the low voltage level under the framework of the national harmonic standard, and compared with the allowable value of the harmonic current of the national standard to evaluate the degree of influence.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种从高压级向低压级传导的直流落点谐波评价方法,包括以下步骤:A method for evaluating DC drop-point harmonics conducted from a high-voltage stage to a low-voltage stage, comprising the following steps:
(1)判断待评价谐波的位置,若待评价谐波的位置位于电网公共连接点,则进入步骤(2),若位于电网不同层级之间,则进入步骤(5);(1) Determine the position of the harmonic to be evaluated, if the position of the harmonic to be evaluated is located at the common connection point of the power grid, then enter step (2), if it is located between different levels of the power grid, then enter step (5);
(2)计算系统谐波阻抗Zs和用户谐波阻抗Zc,测量从公共连接点流向Zc的谐波电流 (2) Calculate the system harmonic impedance Z s and the user harmonic impedance Z c , and measure the harmonic current flowing from the common connection point to Z c
(3)以产生相同谐波电压为等效条件,将等效为从用户侧注入公共连接点的谐波电流 (3) Taking the generation of the same harmonic voltage as the equivalent condition, the Equivalent to the harmonic current injected into the common connection point from the user side
(4)将值与该点国标注入电流允许值比较,获得评价结果,退出;(4) will Value is compared with the allowable value of injection current of the national standard at this point, the evaluation result is obtained, and exit;
(5)计算直流侧节点的谐波自阻抗负荷侧节点的线性负荷抗测量直流侧节点的谐波源流向负荷侧节点的线性负荷的电流其中,h为待评价谐波的次数;(5) Calculate the harmonic self-impedance of the DC side node The linear load resistance of the load side node Measure the current flowing from the harmonic source of the DC side node to the linear load of the load side node Among them, h is the order of the harmonic to be evaluated;
(6)以产生相同谐波电压为等效条件,将等效为负荷侧节点的注入谐波电流 (6) Taking the generation of the same harmonic voltage as the equivalent condition, the Equivalent to the injected harmonic current of the load side node
(7)将值与该点国标注入电流允许值比较,获得评价结果,退出。(7) will The value is compared with the allowable value of the national standard injection current at this point, the evaluation result is obtained, and exit.
所述和测量方法为:在支路中串入谐波分析仪进行测量。said with The measurement method is: a harmonic analyzer is connected in series in the branch for measurement.
所述系统谐波阻抗Zs和用户谐波阻抗Zc通过电网谐波参数方法计算获得。The system harmonic impedance Z s and the user harmonic impedance Z c are calculated and obtained by the grid harmonic parameter method.
所述系统谐波阻抗Zs的计算中去除了滤波器的作用。The effect of the filter is removed from the calculation of the system harmonic impedance Z s .
所述直流侧节点的谐波自阻抗负荷侧节点的线性负荷抗通过电网谐波参数方法计算获得。The harmonic self-impedance of the DC side node The linear load resistance of the load side node Calculated by the grid harmonic parameter method.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下效果和优点:Compared with prior art, the present invention has following effect and advantage:
(1)针对城市电网直流落点谐波从高电压级向低电压级传导的过程,将高电压级注入谐波电流等效为低电压级的注入谐波电流,弥补了国际谐波电流规定中的空白部分。(1) In view of the conduction process of urban power grid DC drop point harmonics from high voltage level to low voltage level, the high voltage level injected harmonic current is equivalent to the low voltage level injected harmonic current, making up for the international harmonic current regulations blank part of the .
(2)分别就谐波在同一公共联结点和不同电压等级传导时的两种情况,给出了谐波电流的等效转换方法,对于含直流落点城市电网中的某点或某区域的谐波传导均能给出相应的分析方法,具有广泛的适应性。(2) The equivalent conversion method of harmonic current is given for the two cases of harmonic conduction at the same common connection point and different voltage levels, for a certain point or a certain area in the urban power grid containing DC Harmonic conduction can give the corresponding analysis method, which has wide adaptability.
(3)将高电压级注入谐波电流限定在标准允许范围内,避免电网谐波危险因素。(3) Limit the harmonic current injected into the high-voltage level within the allowable range of the standard to avoid the risk factors of grid harmonics.
(4)测量和计算方法简单,容易实现,具有较高的工程使用价值。(4) The measurement and calculation methods are simple, easy to realize, and have high engineering use value.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为系统侧和用户侧等值电路图;Figure 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the system side and the user side;
图2为不同层级网络之间谐波传递模型图;Figure 2 is a diagram of the harmonic transfer model between different levels of networks;
图3为某城市局部电网计算模型图;Figure 3 is a calculation model diagram of a city's local power grid;
图4为11次各支路谐波电流、等效注入电流和国标注入电流允许值比较图;Figure 4 is a comparison diagram of the 11th harmonic current of each branch, the equivalent injection current and the allowable value of the national standard injection current;
图5为13次各支路谐波电流、等效注入电流和国标注入电流允许值比较图;Figure 5 is a comparison diagram of the 13th harmonic current of each branch, the equivalent injection current and the allowable value of the national standard injection current;
图6为本发明方法的流程图。Fig. 6 is a flowchart of the method of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本实施例以本发明技术方案为前提进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation and specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
实施例Example
如图6所示,本实施例提供一种从高压级向低压级传导的直流落点谐波评价方法,具体步骤为:As shown in Figure 6, this embodiment provides a method for evaluating the harmonics of the DC drop point conducted from the high-voltage stage to the low-voltage stage, and the specific steps are:
S1,判断待评价谐波的位置,若位于电网公共连接点,则进入步骤(2),若位于电网不同层级之间,则进入步骤S5;S1, determine the position of the harmonic to be evaluated, if it is located at the common connection point of the power grid, then enter step (2), if it is located between different levels of the power grid, then enter step S5;
S2,利用电网谐波参数方法计算系统谐波阻抗Zs和用户谐波阻抗Zc,其中Zs的计算中去除了滤波器的作用;在用户支路中串入谐波分析仪,测量从公共连接点流向Zc的谐波电流 S2. Calculate the system harmonic impedance Z s and the user harmonic impedance Z c by using the grid harmonic parameter method, where the filter is removed from the calculation of Z s ; a harmonic analyzer is connected in series in the user branch to measure from Harmonic current flowing from common connection point to Z c
S3,以产生相同谐波电压为等效条件,将等效为从用户侧注入公共连接点的谐波电流 S3, taking the same harmonic voltage as the equivalent condition, the Equivalent to the harmonic current injected into the common connection point from the user side
S4,将值与该点国标注入电流允许值比较,并评价其影响程度,获得评价结果,退出。S4, will Value is compared with the allowable value of the national standard injection current at this point, and its influence degree is evaluated, and the evaluation result is obtained, and exit.
S5,计算直流侧节点i的谐波自阻抗负荷侧节点j的线性负荷等值谐波阻抗在支路中串入谐波分析仪,测量节点i的谐波源流向j的线性负荷的电流其中,h为待评价谐波的次数;S5, calculate the harmonic self-impedance of node i on the DC side The linear load equivalent harmonic impedance of node j on the load side Connect a harmonic analyzer in series in the branch to measure the current flowing from the harmonic source of node i to the linear load of j Among them, h is the order of the harmonic to be evaluated;
S6,以产生相同谐波电压为等效条件,将等效为节点j的注入谐波电流 S6, to generate the same harmonic voltage as the equivalent condition, the Equivalent to the injected harmonic current of node j
S7,将值与该点国标注入电流允许值比较,并评价其影响程度,获得评价结果,退出。S7, will Value is compared with the allowable value of the national standard injection current at this point, and its influence degree is evaluated, and the evaluation result is obtained, and exit.
下面对和的计算方法作详细介绍:next to with The calculation method is introduced in detail:
如图1所示,当谐波在同一公共联结点传导时,设谐波电压是系统侧谐波源单独作用的结果,在公共联结点流向用户谐波阻抗Zc的谐波电流为即As shown in Figure 1, when harmonics are conducted at the same common junction point, set the harmonic voltage is the system side harmonic source As a result of independent action, the harmonic current flowing to the user harmonic impedance Z c at the common connection point is which is
同理,设谐波电压是用户侧谐波源单独作用的结果,在公共联结点流向系统谐波阻抗Zs的谐波电流为即Similarly, let the harmonic voltage is the user side harmonic source As a result of independent action, the harmonic current flowing to the system harmonic impedance Z s at the common connection point is which is
因为|Zc|>>|Zs|,即用户谐波阻抗幅值远大于系统谐波阻抗幅值,所以产生同样大小的谐波电压,即Vo1=Vo2时,系统侧注入公共联接点谐波电流远小于用户侧注入公共联接点谐波电流为了在谐波国标框架下对两侧注入电流有一个等价评估标准,将系统侧注入公共联接点谐波电流按下式等价为从用户侧注入公共连接点的谐波电流:Because |Z c |>>|Z s |, that is, the amplitude of the user harmonic impedance is much larger than that of the system harmonic impedance, so the harmonic voltage of the same magnitude is generated, that is, when V o1 =V o2 , the system side injects into the public connection point harmonic current Far smaller than the harmonic current injected into the common connection point by the user side In order to have an equivalent evaluation standard for the injection current on both sides under the framework of the harmonic national standard, the harmonic current injected into the common connection point from the system side is equivalent to the harmonic current injected from the user side into the common connection point according to the following formula:
根据此式计算的与具有相同效果,可以直接用国标注入电流允许值来衡量其影响程度。calculated according to this formula and With the same effect, the allowable value of the injection current of the national standard can be directly used to measure the degree of influence.
如图2所示,当谐波在电网不同层级传播时,以节点i的直流侧谐波源与节点j的非线性负荷谐波源在节点j的作用为例进行说明,首先,根据谐波传递模型建立h次谐波的谐波阻抗方程为:As shown in Figure 2, when harmonics propagate at different levels of the power grid, the role of the harmonic source on the DC side of node i and the nonlinear load harmonic source of node j on node j is illustrated as an example. First, according to the harmonic The harmonic impedance equation of the h-order harmonic established by the transfer model is:
其中,分别是节点i和节点j的h次注入谐波电流;是由共同作用,分别在节点i和节点j上产生的h次谐波电压;分别表示节点i和节点j的h次谐波自阻抗;分别表示节点j与i之间、节点i与j之间的h次谐波互阻抗。in, are the h-time injected harmonic currents of node i and node j respectively; By Working together, the hth harmonic voltage generated on node i and node j respectively; Respectively represent the h order harmonic self-impedance of node i and node j; Respectively represent the h order harmonic mutual impedance between nodes j and i, and between nodes i and j.
由上式可知,当单独作用在节点j时,产生的谐波电压为:It can be seen from the above formula that when When acting alone on node j, the generated harmonic voltage for:
当单独作用在节点j时,产生的谐波电压为:when When acting alone on node j, the generated harmonic voltage for:
当与相等时:when and When equal:
因此,可将节点i的直流侧谐波源等效为 Therefore, the DC side harmonic source of node i can be equivalent to
根据此式计算的与具有相同效果,然而无法直接测量;calculated according to this formula and has the same effect, however cannot be measured directly;
直流侧谐波源实际流向节点j的线性负荷的电流为:The current that actually flows from the harmonic source on the DC side to the linear load at node j for:
式中:是节点j的线性负荷的等值谐波阻抗。In the formula: is the equivalent harmonic impedance of the linear load at node j.
通常情况下,所以 能在现场直接测量到。于是产生假象:当低于谐波国标允许值时,认为谐波电流是合格的。因此,为了在谐波国标框架下对两侧注入电流有一个等价评估标准,测量的谐波电流应该下式进行等效变换,才是国标意义下的注入电流值:usually, so can be measured directly on site. Thus the illusion arises: when When it is lower than the allowable value of the harmonic national standard, the harmonic current is considered qualified. Therefore, in order to have an equivalent evaluation standard for the injection current on both sides under the framework of the harmonic national standard, the measured harmonic current should be equivalently transformed by the following formula, which is the value of the injected current in the national standard sense:
经过这样的变换,可以通过测量来得到等效的从用户侧注入公共连接点的谐波电流,然后直接用国标注入电流允许值来衡量其影响程度。After such a transformation, it can be measured by To obtain the equivalent harmonic current injected from the user side into the common connection point, and then directly use the allowable value of the injection current of the national standard to measure the degree of its influence.
如图3所示,将实际某城市局部电网中的11次、13次的各支路谐波的谐波电流现场测量值和计算值分别进行比较,结果如表1所示:As shown in Figure 3, the field measured values and calculated values of the harmonic currents of the 11th and 13th harmonics of each branch in the actual local power grid of a certain city are compared respectively, and the results are shown in Table 1:
表1支路谐波电流Table 1 branch harmonic current
针对支路谐波电流数据,图4、图5分别显示了11次、13次各支路的谐波电流、等效注入电流和国标注入电流允许值比较。可以看出,由国标框架下的谐波电流允许值评价直流落点谐波产生的支路谐波电流大小是没有意义的,因为两者概念不同。国标框架下的注入谐波电流是指从负荷侧流向系统侧,而直流落点的谐波是从系统侧流向负荷侧,两者同样大小产生的谐波电压不同,按本发明作变换得到等效注入电流,与国标才有了可比性。具体的,从图4、图5可以看出,如果不采用本发明对谐波电流作等效变换,除线1外其余各支路的11次、13次谐波电流均明显小于对应母线的国标谐波电流允许值,整体判断结果是直流落点产生的支路谐波电流不严重。然而,对谐波电流作等效变换后,等效注入谐波电流大约是对应支路谐波电流的7倍以上,除变3外其余各支路的11次、13次谐波电流均超过了对应母线的国标谐波电流允许值,评价结果说明直流落点谐波带来了严重的谐波问题。综上分析可知,本发明适用于直流落点谐波从高电压级向低电压级传导过程的分析。For branch harmonic current data, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 respectively show the comparison of the harmonic current, equivalent injection current and national standard injection current allowable value of the 11th and 13th branch. It can be seen that it is meaningless to evaluate the magnitude of branch harmonic current generated by DC drop point harmonics from the allowable value of harmonic current under the framework of the national standard, because the two concepts are different. The injected harmonic current under the framework of the national standard refers to the flow from the load side to the system side, while the harmonics of the DC drop point flow from the system side to the load side, and the harmonic voltages generated by the two with the same magnitude are different, which can be obtained by transforming according to the present invention. The effective injection current is comparable to the national standard. Specifically, it can be seen from Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 that if the present invention is not used for equivalent transformation of the harmonic current, the 11th and 13th harmonic currents of the other branches except line 1 are obviously smaller than those of the corresponding bus The allowable value of the national standard harmonic current, the overall judgment result is that the branch harmonic current generated by the DC drop point is not serious. However, after the equivalent transformation of the harmonic current, the equivalent injected harmonic current is about 7 times the harmonic current of the corresponding branch, and the 11th and 13th harmonic currents of the other branches are more than The allowable value of the national standard harmonic current corresponding to the busbar is obtained, and the evaluation results show that the DC drop point harmonics have brought serious harmonic problems. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the present invention is applicable to the analysis of the conduction process of DC landing harmonics from a high voltage level to a low voltage level.
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