CN204495952U - A kind of low and medium voltage distribution network simulation system based on energy back - Google Patents
A kind of low and medium voltage distribution network simulation system based on energy back Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种基于能量反馈的中低压配电网模拟系统，它包括输入进线柜，输入进线柜与升压变压器导线连接，升压变压器与高压计量表导线连接，高压计量表与第一线缆模拟装置导线连接，第一线缆模拟装置与降压变压器导线连接，降压变压器与第二线缆模拟装置导线连接，第二线缆模拟装置与低压出线柜导线连接，低压出线柜与电子负载导线连接，电子负载与隔离变压器导线连接；解决了现有技术中没有专门的节能降损能效实时监测系统，在电气设备试验中，负载往往采用RLC阻抗负载箱进行能耗放电的方式进行，测试精度低，电能浪费严重、负载难以满足不同工况连续调节能力、功率较小易造成器件老化和烧毁、热稳定性差、负载形式单一等问题。
The utility model discloses a medium and low-voltage power distribution network simulation system based on energy feedback, which comprises an input incoming line cabinet connected with a step-up transformer lead, a step-up transformer connected with a high-voltage meter lead, and a high-voltage meter Connect with the wires of the first cable simulation device, connect the first cable simulation device with the wires of the step-down transformer, connect the step-down transformer with the wires of the second cable simulation device, connect the second cable simulation device with the wires of the low-voltage outlet cabinet, and connect the low-voltage The outlet cabinet is connected to the wire of the electronic load, and the electronic load is connected to the wire of the isolation transformer; it solves the problem that there is no special real-time monitoring system for energy saving and loss reduction in the prior art. In the test of electrical equipment, the load often uses RLC impedance load box for energy consumption discharge The method is carried out in the same way, the test accuracy is low, the power waste is serious, the load is difficult to meet the continuous adjustment ability of different working conditions, the power is small, it is easy to cause aging and burning of the device, poor thermal stability, single load form and other problems.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型属于电子电力及电力系统技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于能量反馈的中低压配电网模拟系统。 The utility model belongs to the technical field of electronic power and power systems, in particular to a simulation system for medium and low voltage distribution networks based on energy feedback.
背景技术 Background technique
目前，对中低压配电网节能降损技术实验室的建设尚处于摸索阶段，尚未建立节能降损能效实时监测平台，无法对电气设备进行实时能效评测，即分析各种因素对电气设备耗能或节能设备节能效果的影响；同时，由于节能降损方面没有专门的技术支撑，无法为线损、无功优化、电能质量、三相不平衡、变压器经济运行、新能源接入等有关电网节能降损领域提供技术研究平台和能效评测平台，从而就无法为节能降损规范编制、入网节能设备评估检测、工程节能效果验证、节能咨询和诊断服务等工作开展提供理论和数据支撑；电气设备能效评测的关键在于监测设备在各种负荷或运行工况下的耗能效果，而通常的电气设备试验中，负载往往采用RLC阻抗负载箱进行能耗放电的方式进行，这种方法不仅测试精度低，且造成了电能的巨大浪费，并存在如下缺点： At present, the construction of energy-saving and loss-reducing technology laboratories for medium and low-voltage distribution networks is still in the exploratory stage, and a real-time monitoring platform for energy-saving and loss-reducing energy efficiency has not yet been established, and it is impossible to conduct real-time energy efficiency evaluation of electrical equipment, that is, to analyze the impact of various factors on the energy consumption of electrical equipment. or energy-saving effect of energy-saving equipment; at the same time, because there is no special technical support for energy-saving and loss reduction, it is impossible to provide energy-saving information for power grids related to line loss, reactive power optimization, power quality, three-phase unbalance, transformer economical operation, and new energy access. In the field of loss reduction, a technical research platform and an energy efficiency evaluation platform are provided, so that it is impossible to provide theoretical and data support for the compilation of energy saving and loss reduction specifications, evaluation and testing of energy-saving equipment connected to the network, verification of energy-saving effects of projects, energy-saving consulting and diagnostic services, etc.; electrical equipment energy efficiency The key to the evaluation is to monitor the energy consumption effect of the equipment under various loads or operating conditions. In the usual electrical equipment test, the load is often carried out by using the RLC impedance load box to discharge the energy consumption. This method not only has low test accuracy , and caused a huge waste of electric energy, and has the following disadvantages:
一、负载采用有级调节，当需要阻抗值连续变化或负载形式灵活变化时，难以满足电气设备对不同工况连续调节的要求；二、功率较小，在长时间大电流试验环境下容易造成器件的老化和烧损；三、热稳定性差，当环境温度改变时，负载大小也会变化；四、负载形式单一，不能满足电气设备试验中对负荷容量、功率因数、三相不平衡度、及谐波等动态连续调节的要求；五、试验电能消耗在电阻上，造成巨大的能源浪费。 1. The load adopts step adjustment. When the impedance value needs to change continuously or the load form changes flexibly, it is difficult to meet the requirements of continuous adjustment of electrical equipment for different working conditions; 2. The power is small, and it is easy to cause Aging and burning of devices; 3. Poor thermal stability. When the ambient temperature changes, the load size will also change; 4. The load form is single, which cannot meet the load capacity, power factor, three-phase unbalance degree, And the requirements of dynamic continuous adjustment such as harmonics; 5. The test electric energy is consumed on the resistance, resulting in huge energy waste.
实用新型内容 Utility model content
本实用新型要解决的技术问题：提供一种基于能量反馈的中低压配电网模拟系统，以解决现有技术中没有专门的节能降损能效实时监测系统，在电气设备试验中，负载往往采用RLC阻抗负载箱进行能耗放电的方式进行，这种方法不仅测试精度低，电能浪费严重、负载采用有级调节难以满足不同工况连续调节能力、功率较小易造成器件老化和烧毁、热稳定性差、负载形式单一等技术问题。 The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a medium and low voltage distribution network simulation system based on energy feedback to solve the problem that there is no special real-time monitoring system for energy saving and loss reduction in the prior art. In the test of electrical equipment, the load often uses The RLC impedance load box is used to discharge energy consumption. This method not only has low test accuracy, but also has serious waste of electric energy. It is difficult to meet the continuous adjustment ability of different working conditions by using step-by-step load adjustment. The small power is easy to cause device aging and burnout, and thermal stability. Poor performance, single load form and other technical problems.
本实用新型技术方案： Technical scheme of the utility model:
一种基于能量反馈的中低压配电网模拟系统，它包括输入进线柜，输入进线柜与升压变压器导线连接，升压变压器与高压计量表导线连接，高压计量表与第一线缆模拟装置导线连接，第一线缆模拟装置与降压变压器导线连接，降压变压器与第二线缆模拟装置导线连接，第二线缆模拟装置与低压出线柜导线连接，低压出线柜与电子负载导线连接，电子负载与隔离变压器导线连接。 A medium and low voltage distribution network simulation system based on energy feedback, which includes an input incoming cabinet, the input incoming cabinet is connected to the step-up transformer wire, the step-up transformer is connected to the high-voltage meter wire, the high-voltage meter is connected to the first cable Wire connection of the simulation device, the first cable simulation device is connected to the step-down transformer wire, the step-down transformer is connected to the second cable simulation device wire, the second cable simulation device is connected to the low-voltage outlet cabinet wire, the low-voltage outlet cabinet is connected to the electronic load Wire connection, the electronic load is connected with the isolation transformer wire.
输入进线柜包括总开关，总开关进线端连接电网进线，出线端与输入接触器的进线端连接，输入接触器的出线端与感应调压器一次绕组连接，感应调压器的二次绕组与输出接触器进线端连接。 The input incoming line cabinet includes a main switch, the incoming line end of the main switch is connected to the grid incoming line, the outgoing line end is connected to the incoming line end of the input contactor, the outgoing line end of the input contactor is connected to the primary winding of the induction voltage regulator, and the induction voltage regulator's The secondary winding is connected to the input terminal of the output contactor.
第一线缆模拟装置包括二个以上的阻抗器串联组成，每个阻抗器的两端并联有一个阻抗接触器。 The first cable simulation device consists of more than two resistors connected in series, and an impedance contactor is connected in parallel at both ends of each resistor.
第二线缆模拟装置包括二个以上的阻抗器串联组成，每个阻抗器的两端并联有一个阻抗接触器。 The second cable simulation device consists of more than two resistors connected in series, and an impedance contactor is connected in parallel at both ends of each resistor.
所述电子负载为单相电子负载，每个单相电子负载包括负载侧换流器和能馈侧换流器，负载侧换流器和能馈侧换流器均采用拓补结构相同的单相全桥PWM电路组成，并以直流母线支撑电容为连接元件，单相电子负载的桥臂上设置有引出线。 The electronic load is a single-phase electronic load, and each single-phase electronic load includes a load-side converter and an energy-feeder-side converter, and both the load-side converter and the energy-feeder side converter adopt a single-phase Phase full-bridge PWM circuit is composed, and the DC bus support capacitor is used as the connecting element, and the bridge arm of the single-phase electronic load is provided with lead wires.
低压出线柜包括低压计量表、电能质量检测终端和出线开关。 The low-voltage outlet cabinet includes a low-voltage meter, a power quality detection terminal, and an outlet switch.
它还包括系统控制主站，系统控制主站分别与高压计量表、低压计量表、电能质量检测终端、第一线缆模拟装置、第二线缆模拟装置和电子负载连接。 It also includes a system control master station, which is respectively connected with the high-voltage meter, the low-voltage meter, the power quality detection terminal, the first cable simulation device, the second cable simulation device and the electronic load.
它还包括调压器控制器，调压器控制器与感应调压器和输入接触器导线连接。 It also includes the regulator controller, which is wired to the sense regulator and input contactor.
系统控制主站与电能质量检测终端通过以太网连接，系统控制主站与高压计量表通过USB/光纤转换板连接，系统控制主站与低压计量表、第一线缆模拟装置、第二线缆模拟装置和电子负载通过RS485/232转换卡连接。 The system control master station is connected to the power quality detection terminal through Ethernet, the system control master station is connected to the high-voltage meter through a USB/fiber conversion board, the system control master station is connected to the low-voltage meter, the first cable simulation device, and the second cable The analog device and the electronic load are connected through the RS485/232 conversion card.
它还包括电流互感器，在输入接触器进线端连接有电网电流互感器，在输出接触器进线端连接有输入电流互感器，在升压变压器进线端连接有第一能馈侧电流互感器，在低压出线柜出线端的每相输出端连接有负载侧电流互感器，在电子负载出线端连接有能馈侧电流互感器。 It also includes a current transformer. The grid current transformer is connected to the input terminal of the input contactor, the input current transformer is connected to the input terminal of the output contactor, and the first energy feeder current transformer is connected to the input terminal of the step-up transformer. Transformers, each phase output end of the low-voltage outlet cabinet is connected with a load-side current transformer, and the electronic load outlet is connected with an energy-feeding side current transformer.
本实用新型的有益效果： The beneficial effects of the utility model:
本实用新型建立的基于能量反馈的中低压配电网模拟系统，可以模拟中低压配电网不同线路长度下的线路阻抗以及中低压电网电压波动情况，使用能馈型的电子负载模拟低压配电网中不同的负载类型，建立了配电网一次设备能效测试分析平台，可分析不同负载条件、谐波环境、三相不平衡度等对配电网一次设备能效的影响，获取各种电气设备的耗能曲线，建立电气设备试验数据库，对于新型低耗能配电设备的开发具有较好的指导和实用价值；同时本实用新型可用以评测各种实际应用或新型配电设备、用电设备及测量设备的能耗参数，为制定配电设备、用电设备、测量设备的准入标准，建立淘汰高耗能产品的规划、管理制度和管理办法等提供理论依据及试验数据，具有十分重要的指导意义和推广价值，本实用新型解决了现有技术中没有专门的节能降损能效实时监测系统，在电气设备试验中，负载往往采用RLC阻抗负载箱进行能耗放电的方式进行，这种方法不仅测试精度低，电能浪费严重、负载采用有级调节难以满足不同工况连续调节能力、功率较小易造成器件老化和烧毁、热稳定性差、负载形式单一等技术问题。 The medium and low voltage distribution network simulation system based on energy feedback established by the utility model can simulate the line impedance of the medium and low voltage distribution network under different line lengths and the voltage fluctuation of the medium and low voltage power grid, and use energy-feedback electronic loads to simulate low-voltage power distribution According to different load types in the distribution network, an energy efficiency test and analysis platform for distribution network primary equipment has been established, which can analyze the impact of different load conditions, harmonic environments, and three-phase unbalance on the energy efficiency of distribution network primary equipment, and obtain various electrical equipment The energy consumption curve and the establishment of the electrical equipment test database have good guidance and practical value for the development of new low-energy power distribution equipment; at the same time, the utility model can be used to evaluate various practical applications or new power distribution equipment and electrical equipment It is very important to provide theoretical basis and test data for the formulation of access standards for power distribution equipment, electrical equipment, and measurement equipment, and the establishment of planning, management systems, and management methods for eliminating high-energy-consuming products. The guiding significance and promotion value of this utility model solve the problem that there is no special real-time monitoring system for energy saving and loss reduction energy efficiency in the prior art. In the electrical equipment test, the load is often carried out by using the RLC impedance load box to discharge the energy consumption. This kind of The method not only has low test accuracy, but also has serious waste of electric energy, and it is difficult to meet the continuous adjustment ability of different working conditions by adopting step-by-step load adjustment. The low power is easy to cause aging and burning of devices, poor thermal stability, and single load form and other technical problems.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1为本实用新型结构系统构成示意图； Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structural system of the present utility model;
图2为本实用新型通讯方式结构示意图； Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the communication mode of the utility model;
图3为本实用新型第一线缆模拟装置结构示意图； Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the first cable simulation device of the present invention;
图4为本实用新型第二线缆模拟装置结构示意图； Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the second cable simulation device of the present invention;
图5为本实用新型电子负载结构示意图； Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic load of the present invention;
图6为本实用新型三相四线制电子负载结构示意图。 Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the three-phase four-wire electronic load of the present invention.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
一种基于能量反馈的中低压配电网模拟系统，它包括（见图1）输入进线柜，输入进线柜与升压变压器导线连接，升压变压器与高压计量表导线连接，高压计量表与第一线缆模拟装置导线连接，第一线缆模拟装置与降压变压器导线连接，降压变压器与第二线缆模拟装置导线连接，第二线缆模拟装置与低压出线柜导线连接，低压出线柜与电子负载导线连接，电子负载与隔离变压器导线连接。 A medium and low voltage distribution network simulation system based on energy feedback, which includes (see Figure 1) input incoming cabinet, the input incoming cabinet is connected to the step-up transformer wire, the step-up transformer is connected to the high-voltage meter wire, and the high-voltage meter Connect with the wires of the first cable simulation device, connect the first cable simulation device with the wires of the step-down transformer, connect the step-down transformer with the wires of the second cable simulation device, connect the second cable simulation device with the wires of the low-voltage outlet cabinet, and connect the low-voltage The outlet cabinet is connected with the wires of the electronic load, and the electronic load is connected with the wires of the isolation transformer.
输入进线柜包括总开关，总开关进线端连接电网进线，出线端与输入接触器的进线端连接，输入接触器的出线端与感应调压器一次绕组连接，感应调压器的二次绕组与输出接触器进线端连接。 The input incoming line cabinet includes a main switch, the incoming line end of the main switch is connected to the grid incoming line, the outgoing line end is connected to the incoming line end of the input contactor, the outgoing line end of the input contactor is connected to the primary winding of the induction voltage regulator, and the induction voltage regulator's The secondary winding is connected to the input terminal of the output contactor.
输出接触器的出线端连接升压变压器的一次绕组，升压变压器的二次绕组连接高压计量表的进线端，高压计量表的出线端连接第一线缆模拟装置的进线端，第一线缆模拟装置的出线端连接降压变压器的一次绕组，降压变压器的二次绕组连接第二线缆模拟装置的进线端，第二线缆模拟装置的出线端连接低压出线柜的进线端，低压出线柜内设有低压计量表、用于实时检测线路中的电气参数的电能质量检测终端，低压出线柜的出线端由出线开关分为A相、B相、C相输出，并各自连接其中一台单相电子负载的进线端，三台单相电子负载的出线端各自连接其中一台单相隔离变压器的一次绕组，三台单相隔离变压器的二次绕组一并连接到输出接触器的出线端。 The outlet end of the output contactor is connected to the primary winding of the step-up transformer, the secondary winding of the step-up transformer is connected to the inlet end of the high-voltage meter, and the outlet end of the high-voltage meter is connected to the inlet end of the first cable simulation device. The outlet end of the cable simulation device is connected to the primary winding of the step-down transformer, the secondary winding of the step-down transformer is connected to the inlet end of the second cable simulation device, and the outlet end of the second cable simulation device is connected to the inlet wire of the low-voltage outlet cabinet The low-voltage outlet cabinet is equipped with a low-voltage meter and a power quality detection terminal for real-time detection of electrical parameters in the line. Connect the incoming line terminal of one of the single-phase electronic loads, the outgoing lines of the three single-phase electronic loads are respectively connected to the primary winding of one of the single-phase isolation transformers, and the secondary windings of the three single-phase isolation transformers are connected to the output terminal together. terminal of the contactor.
它还包括系统控制主站，系统控制主站分别与高压计量表、低压计量表、电能质量检测终端、第一线缆模拟装置、第二线缆模拟装置和电子负载连接；系统控制主站接收检测数据以进行可靠性分析和能效测试，系统控制主站与电能质量检测终端通过以太网连接，系统控制主站与高压计量表通过USB/光纤转换板连接，系统控制主站与低压计量表、第一线缆模拟装置、第二线缆模拟装置和电子负载通过RS485/232转换卡连接（见图2），系统控制主站是系统控制平台，主要工作包括：（1）通过主站实现对系统地控制，监测；（2）接收系统中设备传输来的系统电气参数以进行可靠性以及系统能耗分析获取运行曲线，能耗曲线等数据，显示系统工作参数，工作状态；（3）下发系统控运行制参数；（4）设定系统工作参数，保护动作参数。 It also includes a system control master station, which is respectively connected to the high-voltage meter, the low-voltage meter, the power quality detection terminal, the first cable simulation device, the second cable simulation device and the electronic load; the system control master station receives Detect data for reliability analysis and energy efficiency testing. The system control master station is connected to the power quality detection terminal through Ethernet. The system control master station is connected to the high-voltage meter through a USB/fiber conversion board. The first cable simulation device, the second cable simulation device and the electronic load are connected through the RS485/232 conversion card (see Figure 2). The system control master station is the system control platform. Systematic control and monitoring; (2) Receive system electrical parameters transmitted by equipment in the system for reliability and system energy consumption analysis to obtain operating curves, energy consumption curves and other data, and display system operating parameters and working status; (3) Down (4) Set system working parameters and protection action parameters.
它还包括调压器控制器，调压器控制器与感应调压器和输入接触器导线连接。 It also includes the regulator controller, which is wired to the sense regulator and input contactor.
它还包括电流互感器，在输入接触器进线端连接有电网电流互感器，在输出接触器进线端连接有输入电流互感器，在升压变压器进线端连接有第一能馈侧电流互感器，在低压出线柜出线端的每相输出端连接有负载侧电流互感器，在电子负载出线端连接有能馈侧电流互感器。 It also includes a current transformer. The grid current transformer is connected to the input terminal of the input contactor, the input current transformer is connected to the input terminal of the output contactor, and the first energy feeder current transformer is connected to the input terminal of the step-up transformer. Transformers, each phase output end of the low-voltage outlet cabinet is connected with a load-side current transformer, and the electronic load outlet is connected with an energy-feeding side current transformer.
第一线缆模拟装置和第二线缆模拟装置由两个以上的等效阻抗不同的阻抗器依次串接而成，在每个阻抗器的两端并联连接一个阻抗接触器，通过阻抗接触器闭合断开，选择性控制将不同阻抗器接入线路中，不同的阻抗值代表不同线路长度以实现对不同线路长度的模拟。 The first cable simulation device and the second cable simulation device are composed of two or more impedances with different equivalent impedances connected in series, and an impedance contactor is connected in parallel at both ends of each impedance, and through the impedance contactor Closed and disconnected, selective control to connect different impedances into the line, and different impedance values represent different line lengths to realize the simulation of different line lengths.
单相电子负载采用AC-DC-AC结构，其工作结构主要包括负载侧换流器、能馈侧换流器和直流母线支撑电容，负载侧换流器主要实现将电网侧交流电整流为直流电（AC-DC）, 负载侧换流器和能馈侧换流器采用拓扑结构相同的单向全桥PWM电路，能馈侧换流器主要实现将负载侧换流器整流来的直流电逆变回馈到电网，负载侧换流器和能馈侧换流器采用背靠背结构，两个换流器之间以直流母线支撑电容为连接元件，其中，连接低压出线柜的单相全桥PWM整流电路为单相电子负载的负载侧换流器，连接单相隔离变压器的单相全桥PWM整流电路为单相电子负载的能量回馈侧换流器。 The single-phase electronic load adopts the AC-DC-AC structure, and its working structure mainly includes the load-side converter, the energy-feeder side converter and the DC bus support capacitor. AC-DC), the load-side converter and the energy-feeder side converter adopt a unidirectional full-bridge PWM circuit with the same topology, and the energy-feeder side converter mainly realizes the DC inverter feedback rectified by the load-side converter To the power grid, the load-side converter and the power-feeder side converter adopt a back-to-back structure, and the DC bus support capacitor is used as the connecting element between the two converters. Among them, the single-phase full-bridge PWM rectifier circuit connected to the low-voltage outlet cabinet is The load-side converter of the single-phase electronic load, the single-phase full-bridge PWM rectifier circuit connected to the single-phase isolation transformer is the energy feedback side converter of the single-phase electronic load.
单相电子负载的桥臂上设有引出线，该引出线用于使三台单相电子负载与被测的电气设备实现单相两线制连接、三相三线制连接或三相四线制连接。 There is a lead wire on the bridge arm of the single-phase electronic load, which is used to realize the single-phase two-wire connection, three-phase three-wire connection or three-phase four-wire system between three single-phase electronic loads and the electrical equipment under test. connect.
在工作时，总开关闭合，通过系统控制主站设置第一线缆模拟装置和第二线缆模拟装置所要模拟的中低压配电网的线缆长度，然后使用调压器控制器控制感应调压器的输出达到一定电压值，即可完成对中低压配电网的模拟；对于中低压配电网的电压波动情况，可以通过使用调压器控制器控制感应调压器的输出来实现。 When working, the main switch is closed, and the cable length of the medium and low-voltage distribution network to be simulated by the first cable simulation device and the second cable simulation device is set through the system control master station, and then the voltage regulator controller is used to control the induction regulator. The simulation of the medium and low voltage distribution network can be completed when the output of the voltage regulator reaches a certain voltage value; for the voltage fluctuation of the medium and low voltage distribution network, it can be realized by using the voltage regulator controller to control the output of the induction voltage regulator.
通过系统控制主站控制能馈型的电子负载（单相电子负载）的工作方式，可以实现电子负载对恒电流、恒功率、恒阻抗三种负载的模拟，在模拟恒电流负载时，本实施例可以对电流在小于等于280A，280A为设备最大工作电流，额定电流为145A，通常设定的过流保护电流为160A的范围、功率因数在0至1的范围实现连续可调；在模拟恒功率负载时，可以实现对负载有功功率和无功功率的单独设置、模拟，并实现单相0~64kVA范围的负载模拟；在模拟恒阻抗负载时，可以实现对电阻阻值、感性阻抗、容性阻抗的单独设置、模拟。任意工况下，本实用新型的基于能量反馈的中低压配电网模拟系统的馈网功率因数均在0.98以上；馈网电流谐波总畸变率(THD)小于5%；模拟额定功率纯阻负荷时，效率大于92%。 By controlling the working mode of the energy-feedback electronic load (single-phase electronic load) controlled by the master station of the system, the electronic load can simulate three loads of constant current, constant power and constant impedance. When simulating a constant current load, this implementation For example, the current is less than or equal to 280A, 280A is the maximum operating current of the equipment, the rated current is 145A, the usually set overcurrent protection current is in the range of 160A, and the power factor is continuously adjustable in the range of 0 to 1; in the analog constant When the power load is used, it can realize the separate setting and simulation of the active power and reactive power of the load, and realize the load simulation in the range of single-phase 0~64kVA; Individual setting, simulation of sexual impedance. Under any working condition, the feeder power factor of the medium and low voltage distribution network simulation system based on energy feedback of the utility model is above 0.98; the total harmonic distortion rate (THD) of the feeder current is less than 5%; the simulated rated power pure resistance At load, the efficiency is greater than 92%.
本实用新型对电气设备进行测试时，只需在工作前将被测的电气设备与低压出线柜的出线开关连接，然后通过系统控制主站设置系统工作参数即可对该电气设备进行测试，测试完毕后，系统控制主站即可完成对待测设备的可靠性分析以及能效测试，并且可靠性分析和能效测试准确，精度高。 When the utility model tests the electrical equipment, it only needs to connect the electrical equipment to be tested with the outlet switch of the low-voltage outlet cabinet before work, and then set the system working parameters through the system control master station to test the electrical equipment. After completion, the system control master station can complete the reliability analysis and energy efficiency test of the equipment to be tested, and the reliability analysis and energy efficiency test are accurate and high-precision.
本实用新型在运行过程中涉及单相电子负载、高压计量表、低压计量表、电能质量检测终端、第一线缆模拟装置和第二线缆模拟装置与系统控制主站之间的数据通信，本实用新型采用大规模并行通信处理技术，确保了数据采集的时效性、准确性以及控制命令的精确执行。具体地，本实用新型中同时采用多协议（包括Modbus、645、376等通讯协议）、多通讯方式融合技术（包括232、485和TCP/IP等通讯方式），并系统有效地对多协议、多通讯方式进行了整合，在互不干扰的情况下能够准确、稳定的采集和保存测试数据，其中系统控制主站采用以太网卡与电能质量检测终端进行数据通信，使用RS232扩展板连接RS485/232转化卡分别与单相电子负载、低压计量表、第一线缆模拟装置和第二线缆模拟装置进行数据通信，使用光纤/USB与高压计量表进行通信。 The utility model involves data communication between single-phase electronic loads, high-voltage meters, low-voltage meters, power quality detection terminals, the first cable simulation device, the second cable simulation device and the system control master station during the operation process. The utility model adopts large-scale parallel communication processing technology to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of data collection and the precise execution of control commands. Specifically, multi-protocols (including Modbus, 645, 376 and other communication protocols) and multi-communication fusion technology (including 232, 485 and TCP/IP and other communication methods) are adopted in the utility model at the same time, and the system is effective for multi-protocol, Multiple communication methods are integrated, and the test data can be collected and saved accurately and stably without interfering with each other. The main station of the system control uses the Ethernet card to communicate with the power quality detection terminal, and the RS232 expansion board is used to connect the RS485/232 The conversion card performs data communication with the single-phase electronic load, the low-voltage meter, the first cable simulation device and the second cable simulation device, and uses optical fiber/USB to communicate with the high-voltage meter.
本实用新型的硬件电路可以由人机交互界面、DSP控制器、系统控制主站、显示通信电路和主电路等部分组成，主电路直接承担电能的变换；DSP控制器以TMS320F28335为控制核心，主要包括：CPU及其外围电路、信号采样与调理电路、驱动电路和保护电路；其中，信号采样与调理单元主要完成强弱电隔离，电平转换和信号放大及滤波等功能，以满足DSP控制器对各路信号电平范围和信号质量的要求。人机交互界面可采用嵌入式一体化触摸屏。 The hardware circuit of the utility model can be composed of human-computer interaction interface, DSP controller, system control master station, display communication circuit and main circuit, etc. The main circuit directly undertakes the conversion of electric energy; the DSP controller takes TMS320F28335 as the control core, mainly Including: CPU and its peripheral circuits, signal sampling and conditioning circuit, driving circuit and protection circuit; Among them, the signal sampling and conditioning unit mainly completes the functions of strong and weak current isolation, level conversion, signal amplification and filtering, etc., to meet the needs of DSP controllers. Requirements for the signal level range and signal quality of each channel. The human-computer interaction interface can adopt an embedded integrated touch screen.
在本实施例中，第一线缆模拟装置（见图3）共有0.5km、1.5km、3km、5km四种不同类型的等效阻抗，并通过各个阻抗接触器（KM1-KM5）在不同的闭合和断开状态下，组合而成16种工作方式，从而可以模拟不同长度的10kV线缆；设计时，模拟线缆选择为10kV的50mm2铝芯三芯交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆，其单位公里电阻为0.641Ω，单位公里电抗为0.1196Ω。 In this embodiment, the first cable simulation device (see Figure 3) has four different types of equivalent impedances of 0.5km, 1.5km, 3km, and 5km, and through each impedance contactor (KM1-KM5) in different In the closed and disconnected state, 16 working modes can be combined to simulate 10kV cables of different lengths; when designing, the simulated cable is selected as a 10kV 50mm 2 aluminum core three-core XLPE insulated power cable. The resistance per kilometer is 0.641Ω, and the reactance per kilometer is 0.1196Ω.
本实施例中（见图4），第二线缆模拟装置每回线路有50m、100m、100m三段等效阻抗，通过选择每段上的阻抗接触器(KM10-KM70)的工作状态，形成不同的等效阻抗组合方式，与第一线缆模拟装置类似，可以模拟不同长度的400V线缆；设计时，模拟线缆选择为400V的120mm2铜线，其正负序电阻为0.008Ω/50m、正负序电抗为0.0035Ω/50m、零序电阻为0.01Ω/50m、零序电抗为0.005Ω/50m。 In this embodiment (see Figure 4), the second cable simulation device has three sections of equivalent impedance of 50m, 100m, and 100m for each circuit. By selecting the working state of the impedance contactor (KM10-KM70) on each section, a Different equivalent impedance combinations, similar to the first cable simulation device, can simulate 400V cables of different lengths; when designing, the simulation cable is selected as 400V 120mm 2 copper wire, and its positive and negative sequence resistance is 0.008Ω/ 50m, positive and negative sequence reactance is 0.0035Ω/50m, zero sequence resistance is 0.01Ω/50m, zero sequence reactance is 0.005Ω/50m.
参见图5，对于单相电子负载，采用单相全桥PWM（Voltage Source Rectifer，简称VSR）作为单相电子负载的电力负载侧的模拟换流器与并网换流器，通过直流母线支撑电容连接单相电子负载的能量回馈侧，形成背靠背式的主电路拓扑结构，其单相电子负载的电路如图5,图中， 为电子负载侧换流器的主开关器件，作为电子负载侧的输入电感；作为能量回馈侧的换流器的主开关器件，作为能量回馈侧换流器的输出电感；为直流母线支撑电容。在电子负载侧工作时，直流母线电压恒定，输入、输出功率在此进行交换并达到平衡。能量回馈侧设置了换流器隔离变压器IT1，确保电子负载侧与电网电气隔离，一方面为3台单相电子负载构成的三相四线制接线模式在一次侧提供回路通道，另一方面也可避免因为被试电源为非隔离电源可能造成的电气短路情况。 See Figure 5. For single-phase electronic loads, single-phase full-bridge PWM (Voltage Source Rectifer, VSR for short) is used as the analog converter and grid-connected converter on the power load side of the single-phase electronic load, and the capacitor is supported by the DC bus Connect the energy feedback side of the single-phase electronic load to form a back-to-back main circuit topology. The circuit of the single-phase electronic load is shown in Figure 5. In the figure, It is the main switching device of the electronic load side converter, As an input inductance on the electronic load side; As the main switching device of the converter on the energy feedback side, As the output inductance of the energy feedback side converter; Support capacitors for the DC bus. When working on the electronic load side, the DC bus voltage is constant, and the input and output power are exchanged and balanced here. The inverter isolation transformer IT1 is installed on the energy feedback side to ensure electrical isolation between the electronic load side and the power grid. On the one hand, it provides a loop channel on the primary side for the three-phase four-wire wiring mode composed of three single-phase electronic loads. On the other hand, it also provides It can avoid the electrical short circuit that may be caused by the tested power supply being a non-isolated power supply.
参见图6，本实用新型采用单相全桥结构作为电子负载的电路拓扑的原因在于，将电子负载的换流器进行适当变换和联接同样可以适用于配电网电气设备的单相、三相对称及不对称负载的测试，且不受被试电源连线类型的影响，可以适用于单相两线、三相三线制或三相四线制等多种应用场合，三相相互独立，方便进行三相不平衡实验，具体连线图如图6所示，对应三相三线制接线模式，一台单相电子负载为一相，一相一个点，三台设备连成三相，三相中性点连在一起构成，负载平衡，只需将单相电子负载一个桥臂上的引出线短接即可；而对应三相四线制系统，需要将电子负载侧换流器桥臂的引出线上的n点与被试电源中线相连，若用以模拟不平衡负荷，隔离变压器IT(1-3)的短接接头N点必须与电网中线相连，三相系统解藕成单相系统，独立控制。因此系统可以灵活进行各种平衡或不平衡负荷考核实验。本实施例为了既可以模拟三相平衡测试和三相不平衡测试，而采用三相四线制接线方式；若系统容量不足，也可以采用并联方式接于被试电源的输出端，通过系统控制主站灵活进行系统满载实验或各种动态实验。 Referring to Fig. 6, the reason why the utility model adopts the single-phase full-bridge structure as the circuit topology of the electronic load is that the converter of the electronic load can be properly converted and connected, which can also be applied to the single-phase and three-phase electrical equipment of the distribution network. The test of symmetrical and asymmetrical loads is not affected by the type of power connection under test. It can be applied to various applications such as single-phase two-wire system, three-phase three-wire system or three-phase four-wire system. The three phases are independent of each other, which is convenient Conduct a three-phase unbalanced experiment. The specific connection diagram is shown in Figure 6. It corresponds to the three-phase three-wire wiring mode. A single-phase electronic load is one phase, one phase and one point, and three devices are connected to form three phases. The neutral points are connected together, and the load is balanced. It is only necessary to short the lead wires on one bridge arm of the single-phase electronic load; and corresponding to the three-phase four-wire system, it is necessary to connect the Point n on the lead-out line is connected to the neutral line of the power supply under test. If it is used to simulate an unbalanced load, the short-circuit joint N point of the isolation transformer IT (1-3) must be connected to the neutral line of the power grid, and the three-phase system is decoupled into a single-phase system. , independently controlled. Therefore, the system can flexibly conduct various balanced or unbalanced load assessment experiments. In this embodiment, in order to simulate the three-phase balance test and the three-phase unbalance test, the three-phase four-wire system connection method is adopted; if the system capacity is insufficient, it can also be connected in parallel to the output terminal of the power supply under test, through the system control The master station can flexibly conduct system full-load experiments or various dynamic experiments.
系统控制主站第一能完成对系统通讯模块设置、显示面板配置、实时监测、数据处理、系统管理、系统设置等操作,运行时，系统控制主站接受来自高压计量表、低压计量表、电能质量检测终端以及系统CPU的数据，即系统不同部位的电气参数，如电压，电流，相位，功率等，从而实时显示系统工作状态信息，同时可以向系统CPU发送系统控制指令，控制系统的工作状态。同时，系统控制主站为配电网一次设备能效测试分析平台，分析在不同负载条件、谐波环境、三相不平衡度对配电网一次设备能效的影响，获取各种用电设备的耗能曲线，建立设备试验数据库。 The system control master station can first complete the system communication module setting, display panel configuration, real-time monitoring, data processing, system management, system setting and other operations. The data of the quality inspection terminal and the system CPU, that is, the electrical parameters of different parts of the system, such as voltage, current, phase, power, etc., so as to display the system working status information in real time, and at the same time send system control instructions to the system CPU to control the working status of the system . At the same time, the system control master station is the energy efficiency test and analysis platform for the primary equipment of the distribution network. Energy curve, establish equipment test database.
本实用新型提供了通过设置第一线缆模拟装置和第二线缆模拟装置，可以模拟中低压配电网不同线路长度下的线路阻抗，使用调压器控制器控制感应调压器的输出，还可以模拟中低压电网电压波动情况，并使用能馈型的电子负载模拟低压配电网中不同的负载类型，建立了配电网一次设备能效测试分析平台，可分析不同负载条件、谐波环境、三相不平衡度等对配电网一次设备能效的影响，获取各种电气设备的耗能曲线，建立电气设备试验数据库，对于新型低耗能配电设备的开发具有较好的指导和实用价值。 The utility model provides that by setting the first cable simulation device and the second cable simulation device, the line impedance under different line lengths of the medium and low voltage distribution network can be simulated, and the voltage regulator controller is used to control the output of the induction voltage regulator. It can also simulate the voltage fluctuation of the medium and low voltage power grid, and use the energy-feedback electronic load to simulate different load types in the low-voltage distribution network, and establish a distribution network primary equipment energy efficiency test and analysis platform, which can analyze different load conditions and harmonic environments , three-phase unbalance, etc., on the energy efficiency of distribution network primary equipment, obtain energy consumption curves of various electrical equipment, and establish an electrical equipment test database, which has good guidance and practicality for the development of new low-energy distribution equipment value.
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| CN104655990A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2015-05-27 | 贵州电力试验研究院 | Medium and low-voltage power distribution network simulation system based on energy feedback |
| CN112698065A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-23 | 国网上海能源互联网研究院有限公司 | Circuit equipment for serially connecting AC/DC analog impedance |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104655990A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2015-05-27 | 贵州电力试验研究院 | Medium and low-voltage power distribution network simulation system based on energy feedback |
| CN112698065A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-23 | 国网上海能源互联网研究院有限公司 | Circuit equipment for serially connecting AC/DC analog impedance |
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