CN104796229A - Non-binary coding and transmitting method capable of achieving high-efficiency transmission of digital information - Google Patents

Abstract

A non-binary coding and transmission method for high-efficiency transmission of digital information, using quaternary, octal and hexadecimal coding of digital information to improve coding efficiency and shorten the coding length of digital information to 1/2 and 1/2 of binary coding, respectively 3 and 1/4; at the same time, use four, eight and sixteen carrier pulses with as large a difference in intensity as possible to represent the four base numbers "0" to "3" in the quaternary code, and the eight base numbers in the octal code Base numbers "0"~"7" and sixteen base numbers "0"~"9" and "A"~"F" in hexadecimal encoding realize quaternary, octal and hexadecimal information encoding respectively Transmission; quaternary, octal, and hexadecimal information encoding and transmission are two, three, and four times faster than binary encoding, respectively. The invention has great application value in the field of modern digital communication, and after being implemented, the information transmission speed of the modern communication network can be increased several times.

Description

Non-binary encoding and transmission method for efficient transmission of digital information

technical field

The present invention relates to three new digital information encoding and transmission methods. It is characterized by the use of quaternary, octal and hexadecimal encoding, which can significantly improve the encoding efficiency of information, shorten the number of bits or length of encoding, and thus improve the transmission efficiency of digital information. It belongs to the field of digital information coding and transmission, and has broad application prospects in the field of modern communication.

Background technique

Digital communication has the advantages of strong anti-noise ability or high fidelity, so it has completely replaced analog communication and has become the mainstream technology in the field of information communication. Current digital communications use binary encoding, that is, a combination string of "0"s and "1s" to represent a traditional analog signal. If the digital signal is converted by an 8-bit A/D converter, then the analog signal is quantized into 256 levels (0 to 255). If expressed in binary code, 8-bit "0" and "1" are required The combined string can represent any actual signal strength, such as 11111111 represents the maximum value of 255, and 10000000 represents 128. In current digital communication, strong pulses are used to represent "1", while weak pulses are used to represent "0". Then, to transmit a complete digital signal (corresponding to the quantized value of the analog signal), it is necessary to transmit a combination of 8 strong and weak pulses. Obviously, compared with analog communication with the same bandwidth, the information transmission rate of digital communication is only 1/8 of that of analog communication. Obviously, the high fidelity of digital communication comes at the expense of transmission rate. In order to increase the transmission rate of digital information, data compression technology, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology and time division multiplexing (TDM) technology have been developed. However, the communication speed of the modern backbone communication network that uses all these technologies is currently only 40GB/s, which still cannot meet the real-time transmission needs of the rapidly growing global information volume. Cause network congestion or slow information transmission. To further significantly increase the transmission speed of digital information, there is currently no breakthrough new technology. Within the existing binary coding framework, the progress of improving the speed of information transmission is slow and the research and development costs are high. The invention patent is to break through the shackles of binary coding, invent a new non-binary coding and transmission method, improve the coding efficiency of digital information, shorten the coding length, and thereby increase the transmission rate. With the improvement of modern electronic manufacturing technology, the intensity stability of communication carrier pulse (light pulse or electric pulse) can be controlled within 2% fluctuation range, while binary code communication still reserves 50% fluctuation range, which causes A great waste of resources. How to reduce this waste of resources and transform it into improving the transmission speed of information is very meaningful and has great practical value. Achieving this goal is the motivation of the present invention. To this end, three new non-binary encoding and transmission methods were invented.

Contents of the invention

To realize digital information transmission, the first thing is to use A/D converter to convert analog signal into digital signal. Assuming that the number of bits of the A/D converter is N, the analog signal is digitized into 2 ^N levels (0 to 2 ^N -1). With the current binary encoding and transmission, such digital information needs to occupy N bits in length, and direct communication transmission needs to be transmitted N times to complete the transmission of a digital information. Therefore, the encoding length of digital information directly determines the communication transmission efficiency of digital information. This implies that if the coding efficiency of digital information can be improved, the coding length of digital information can be shortened or the number of bits occupied by coding can be reduced, the transmission efficiency of digital information can be improved. Based on the well-known principles of mathematics, for encoding the same number, the larger the base of the encoding used, the higher the encoding efficiency or the fewer the number of digits occupied. The base number used by binary encoding is 2, which is the smallest base number, so the efficiency of binary encoding is the lowest, and the number of bits occupied by the encoding is the largest. On the contrary, the use of non-binary coding will inevitably improve the coding efficiency of information, shorten the coding length, and thus increase the transmission speed of information. Based on a simple mathematical transformation,

2 ^N ＝(2 ^q ) ^N/q (1)

It is clearly seen that the length of the obtained code is shortened to N/q when the base number of the code is enlarged to the power of q, that is, changed from 2 to 2 ^q . Specifically, for example, assuming q=2, that is, using the "4" base code, the code length is shortened by half of the length of the "2" base code. Correspondingly, if information transmission also uses the "4" system, then the transmission efficiency of digital information can be doubled, and the transmission speed of the current backbone network can be increased from 40GB/s to 80GB/s. This is a considerable advance, and at little expense, just changing the encoding of the transceiver from binary to quaternary.

Further increase the coding base, take q=N, that is, use "2 ^N " base coding, then the coding length of digital information is N/q=1, and the coding efficiency in this case is the highest. If digital information transmission also uses "2 ^N " base encoding, then the transmission efficiency of digital information is N times that of "2" base transmission. This situation is similar to analog communication, which has low noise immunity because the quantization level is 2 ^-N , which is usually smaller than the amount of fluctuation in the amplitude of the communication carrier pulse. For example, N=8, then quantization level 2 ^−N =1/256=0.39%. However, the fluctuation of the current communication carrier pulse amplitude can only be controlled at 2%, and the number of quantization levels it covers is: 2%/0.39%≈5. Therefore, in the “2 ^N ” system encoding and communication transmission, the transmitted digital information has 5 quantization levels of uncertainty, that is, the fidelity of the transmitted information is reduced. For example, the digital information actually sent is "135", but the digital information received at the receiving end may be "135±5".

To sum up, the coding efficiency of digital information and the fidelity of digital information transmission must be considered comprehensively. Improving coding efficiency must be premised on the fidelity of transmission. Based on the comprehensive consideration of coding efficiency and transmission fidelity, the present invention specifically implements three non-binary coding and transmission modes.

Detailed ways

Example 1, 4-ary encoding and transmission

According to equation (1), get q=2, realize " 4 " base code, then code length shortens to N/2, promptly " 4 " base code improves coding efficiency one times than " 2 " base code, code length It is shortened by half, for example, the binary code of the decimal number 251 is 11111011, while the quaternary code is 3323, and the code length is shortened from eight bits to 4 bits. Therefore, using the "4" base code for transmission can double the speed of information transmission.

Each bit in the "4" base code may correspond to the numbers "0", "1", "2" and "3". If the intensity modulation is used to transmit information, the "4" base code transmission will use four types of carrier pulses. In order to ensure the high fidelity of transmission, the intensity difference of the four kinds of carrier pulses should be as large as possible. If four carrier pulse intensities of I ₀ /4, I ₀ /2, 3I ₀ /4 and I ₀ (I ₀ is the strongest pulse amplitude) are used, the allowable carrier pulse intensity fluctuation is under 100% transmission fidelity The range is ±I ₀ /8=±12.5%I ₀ . In other words, as long as the fluctuation range of the carrier pulse intensity _I0 is less than 12.5%, the transmitted four codes "0", "1", "2" and "3" have a fidelity of 100%. However, the current electronic technology can control the fluctuation range of the intensity of the carrier pulse to be less than 2%. Therefore, the "4" base encoding and transmission of digital information can have 100% transmission fidelity, which is the same as the current "2" base encoding and transmission fidelity, but the transmission speed can be doubled. This is the advantage of the examples of the present invention. If the example of the present invention is implemented, the transmission speed of the current backbone communication network can be easily doubled, from the current 40GB/s to 80GB/s.

Example 2. Octal encoding and transmission

According to equation (1), get q=3, realize " 8 " base code, then code length shortens to N/3, promptly " 8 " base code improves coding efficiency twice than " 2 " base code, code length It is shortened to 1/3 of the length of "2" base code. For example, the decimal number 503 is encoded as 111110111 in binary and 767 in octal. Obviously, the encoding length is shortened from 9 bits in binary to 3 bits in octal; if the "8" encoding is used for transmission, the transmission speed of information can be doubled, or three times that of binary encoding.

Each bit in the "8" base code may correspond to the numbers "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6" and "7". If the information is transmitted by intensity modulation, the "8" base code transmission will use eight kinds of carrier pulses of intensities. In order to ensure the high fidelity of transmission, the strength difference of the eight carrier pulses should be as large as possible. Assume that the eight carrier pulse strengths used are I ₀ /8, I ₀ /4, 3I ₀ /8, I ₀ /2, 5I ₀ /8, 3I ₀ /4, 7I ₀ /8 and I ₀ (I ₀ is the strongest pulse amplitude), then under 100% transmission fidelity, the allowable carrier pulse intensity fluctuation range is ±I ₀ /16=±6.25%I ₀ . In other words, as long as the fluctuation range of the carrier pulse intensity _I0 is less than 6.25%, the transmitted eight codes "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6" and "7" would have a fidelity of 100%. However, the current electronic technology can control the fluctuation range of the intensity of the carrier pulse to be less than 2%. Therefore, the "8" base encoding and transmission of digital information can have 100% transmission fidelity, which is the same as the current "2" base encoding and transmission fidelity, but the transmission efficiency can be doubled. This is the advantage of the examples of the present invention. If the example of the present invention is implemented, the transmission speed of the current backbone communication network can be easily doubled, from the current 40GB/s to 120GB/s.

Example 3, Hexadecimal encoding and transmission

According to equation (1), get q=4, realize " 16 " base code, then coding length shortens to N/4, promptly " 16 " base code improves coding efficiency three times than " 2 " base code, code length It is shortened to 1/4 of the length of the "2" base code. For example, the binary code of the decimal number 223 is 11011111, while the "16" code is DF. Obviously, the encoding length is shortened from eight bits in binary to two bits in hexadecimal. Therefore, using "16" coded transmission can increase the transmission speed of information by three times, or four times the speed of binary coded transmission.

Each bit in the "16" code may correspond to "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8 ", "9", "A", "B", "C", "D", "E" and "F". If the information is transmitted by intensity modulation, then the "16" coded transmission will use sixteen intensities of carrier pulses. In order to ensure high fidelity of transmission, the intensity difference of the sixteen kinds of carrier pulses should be as large as possible. Suppose the sixteen carrier pulse strengths used are I ₀ /16, I ₀ /8, 3I ₀ /16, I 0 /4, 5I ₀ /16, 3I ₀ /8, 7I ₀ /16 _, I ₀ /2 , 9I ₀ /16, 5I ₀ /8, 11I _{0 /} 16, 3I 0 /4, 13I ₀ /16 _, 7I 0 /8, 15I ₀ /16 and I ₀ (I ₀ is the strongest pulse amplitude), then in Under 100% transmission fidelity, the allowable carrier pulse strength fluctuation range is ±I ₀ /32=±3.125%I ₀ . In other words, as long as the fluctuation range of the carrier pulse intensity _I0 is less than 3.13%, the transmitted sixteen codes "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6 ", "7", "8", "9", "A", "B", "C", "D", "E" and "F" would have a fidelity of 100%. However, the current electronic technology can control the fluctuation range of the intensity of the carrier pulse to be less than 2%. Therefore, the "16" base encoding and transmission of digital information can have 100% transmission fidelity, which is the same as the current "2" base encoding and transmission fidelity, but the transmission efficiency can be increased by 3 times. This is the advantage of the examples of the present invention. If the example of the present invention is implemented, the transmission speed of the current backbone communication network can be easily increased by three times, from the current 40GB/s to 160GB/s.

Claims (3)

1. A quaternary encoding and transmission method for high-efficiency transmission of digital information, using "4" to encode digital information, and using four carrier pulses with as large a difference in intensity as possible, such as I ₀ /4, I ₀ /2 , 3I ₀ /4 and I ₀ or 0, I ₀ /3, 2I ₀ /3 and I ₀ , representing the four base numbers "0", "1", "2" and "3" of the "4" base code ; It is characterized in that the "4" base code has higher coding efficiency, and the code length is only half of the "2" base code length, so the "4" base number information encoding and transmission method is better than the "2" base number information Encoding and transmission methods can double the speed of digital information transmission. 2. An octal encoding and transmission method to realize high-efficiency transmission of digital information, using "8" to encode digital information, and using eight carrier pulses with as large a difference in intensity as possible, such as I ₀ /8, I ₀ /4, 3I _0/8 , I _0/2 , 5I 0/8 _{, 3I} 0/4, _7I 0/8 and I ₀ or 0, _I 0/7, 2I 0/7, 3I _{0/7 ,} 4I _0/7 , 5I ₀ /7, 6I ₀ /7 and I ₀ , representing the eight bases "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6" of the "8" base code and "7"; it is characterized in that the "8" base encoding has higher encoding efficiency, and the encoding length is only one-third of the "2" base encoding length, so the "8" base digital information encoding is compared with the transmission method The "2" base digital information encoding and transmission method can increase the transmission speed of digital information by two times. 3. A hexadecimal encoding and transmission method to realize high-efficiency transmission of digital information, using "16" to encode digital information, and using sixteen carrier pulses with as large a difference in strength as possible, such as I ₀ /16, I ₀ /8, 3I ₀ /16, I ₀ /4, 5I ₀ /16, 3I ₀ /8, 7I ₀ /16, I ₀ /2, 9I ₀ /16, 5I ₀ /8, 11I ₀ /16, 3I ₀ /4, 13I ₀ /16, 7I ₀ /8, 15I ₀ /16 and I ₀ or 0, I ₀ /15, 2I ₀ /15, I ₀ /5, 4I ₀ /15, I ₀ /3, 2I ₀ /5, 7I ₀ /15, 8I ₀ /15, 3I ₀ /5, 2I ₀ /3, 11I ₀ /15, 4I 0 _/ 5, 13I ₀ /15, 14I ₀ /15 and I ₀ , means "16" The eight bases "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "A" of base encoding , "B", "C", "D", "E" and "F"; it is characterized in that the "16" base code has higher coding efficiency, and the code length is only a quarter of the "2" base code length Therefore, the digital information transmission speed of the "16" system digital information encoding and transmission method is four times that of the "2" system digital information encoding and transmission method.