CN103516483B - Long-distance wired data transmission device with adjustable transmission rate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to field of geophysical exploration, provide the transfer rate between a kind of acquisition node can carry out a kind of general transmission method of optimal adjustment based on the actual application requirements for (1)；(2) transmission technology that a kind of code efficiency is higher, transmission bandwidth is lower is provided；(3) provide a kind of under conditions of identical valid data transmit, the device of the transmitting of more remote data can be realized, the technical solution used in the present invention is, transfer rate can the remote wired data transfer device of on-demand regulation, being made up of with forwarding module, data transmission interface data receiver interface, data receiver, data receiver interface is mainly made up of transformator, MLT-3/NRZI decoder, interface level matching network, clock and data recovery, NRZI/NRZ decoder, deserializer, 8B/10B decoder.Present invention is mainly applied to geophysical exploration.

Description

Long-distance wired data transmission device with adjustable transmission rate

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of geophysical exploration, in particular, relates to a long-distance wired data transmission device whose transmission rate can be adjusted as required.

technical background

The array detection system is widely used in sonar, seismic exploration, engineering exploration, etc.; the acquisition nodes in the array detection system are distributed in the linear streamer in a chain structure. On the one hand, the collection node is responsible for converting the analog detection signal into detection data, and on the other hand, it is responsible for transmitting the detection data to the upper-level collection node in a relay manner.

On the one hand, the number of acquisition nodes in the array detection system is closely related to the reliability of the array detection system; assuming that the bit error rate of data transmission between the acquisition nodes is constant and the length of the signal detection segment of the array detection system is constant, then The fewer the number of collection nodes, the higher the reliability of the array detection system, but the result is that the transmission distance between the collection nodes becomes longer. In order to reduce the number of acquisition nodes in the array detection system and improve the reliability of the system, it is necessary to study the long-distance wired transmission method between the acquisition nodes to ensure the data transmission error between the acquisition nodes under the condition of long-distance wired transmission The rate can still meet the system design requirements.

On the other hand, the existing mainstream array detection systems generally transmit detection data based on the cascading method. The characteristic of this cascading transmission method is that the number of collection nodes is proportional to the data transmission rate between the collection nodes. In a general small-scale engineering exploration system, the number of acquisition nodes is small, so the data transmission rate between acquisition nodes only needs a low rate to meet the requirements; while in a large-scale seismic exploration system or sonar detection system, acquisition The number of nodes is huge, therefore, a high or very high data transmission rate is required between the collection nodes. The transmission rate between acquisition nodes in the existing mainstream array detection system is fixed and cannot be adjusted, and its hardware interface does not support the function of adjustable transmission rate, that is to say, its hardware interface does not have universality for transmission rate.

On the other hand, the existing wired transmission technologies mainly contain the following: (1) Wired transmission technology based on RS485 interface: this technology adopts the mode of asynchronous transmission, and the maximum transmission rate can only reach 10Mbps, and the transmission rate and transmission distance It is inversely proportional; due to the asynchronous transmission method, the transmission efficiency is low; in addition, the transmission rate is greatly restricted by the transmission distance. (2) Synchronous transmission technology based on Ethernet physical layer interface: the existing Ethernet physical layer interface chip mainly supports two fixed transmission rates, namely 10Mbps and 100Mbps. When the transmission rate is 10Mbps, the Manchester encoding method is adopted; when the transmission rate is 100Mbps, the encoding method from NRZ to NRZI to MLT-3 is adopted. If the Ethernet physical layer interface chip is directly used in the data transmission between the nodes of the array detection system, there will be the following disadvantages: (1) the transmission rate of the Ethernet interface chip is only 10Mbps and 100Mbps. At a transmission rate of 10Mbps, the Ethernet interface chip is fixed to the Manchester coding method, and the coding efficiency of this coding method is only 50%, which greatly reduces the data transmission efficiency and transmission distance; (2) In general small-scale engineering exploration systems, acquisition The transmission rate between nodes may be lower than 10Mbps. For example, the transmission rate between acquisition nodes in HTI’s SeaMUX Digital Array system is only 4.096Mbps. If the 10Mbps rate of the Ethernet interface chip is used to transmit data lower than the required rate of 10Mbps If so, the data transmission distance is bound to be limited, because the transmission distance is inversely proportional to the transmission rate; (3) In a general large-scale seismic exploration system or sonar detection system, the transmission rate between acquisition nodes may only need tens of megabits per second If the 100Mbps rate of the Ethernet interface chip is used to transmit data lower than the 100Mbps rate requirement, the transmission distance of the data will be limited, because the transmission distance is inversely proportional to the transmission rate; (4) general super In large-scale seismic exploration systems or sonar detection systems, the transmission rate between acquisition nodes may exceed 100Mbps. If the 100Mbps rate of the Ethernet interface chip is used for transmission, the rate cannot meet the requirements; (5) Based on the Ethernet interface chip The maximum transmission distance is 100 meters. When the transmission distance between collection nodes exceeds 100 meters, the Ethernet interface chip will not be used.

In the last aspect, the mainstream seismic exploration and engineering exploration systems on the market, that is, the acquisition nodes of HTI’s SeaMUX DigitalArray system adopt the method of synchronous transmission for data transmission, and adopt the Manchester encoding method with only 50% encoding efficiency; The efficiency is low, so in order to increase the transmission distance, it can only further reduce the transmission rate to ensure the requirements of the transmission bit error rate. At the same time, in order to meet the requirements of the total transmission rate, it must use multiple parallel paths for data transmission. It not only increases the hardware cost of the system, but also reduces the reliability of the system.

Contents of the invention

For overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to:

(1) Provide a general-purpose transmission method in which the transmission rate between collection nodes can be optimally adjusted according to actual application requirements, and after adopting this transmission method, the data transmission and reception interfaces between collection nodes are universal , that is, in different array detection systems that require different transmission rates, there is no need to change the data transmission and reception interfaces between the acquisition nodes, but only need to adjust the rate according to the data transmission requirements, that is, the transmission rate can be adjusted as needed. Distance wired data transmission device.

(2) Provide a transmission technology with higher encoding efficiency and lower transmission bandwidth, so as to further increase the data transmission distance between collection nodes.

(3) Provide a device capable of realizing reliable transmission of longer-distance data under the condition of the same effective data transmission.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that the long-distance wired data transmission device whose transmission rate can be adjusted on demand is composed of a data receiving interface, a data receiving and forwarding module, and a data sending interface.

The data receiving interface is mainly composed of transformer, MLT-3/NRZI decoder, interface level matching network, clock and data recovery, NRZI/NRZ decoder, serial-to-parallel converter, 8B/10B decoder; further, the transformer receives from the upper A collection node transmits MLT-3 code data, and then converts the MLT-3 code into NRZI code through the MLT-3/NRZI decoder. After the NRZI code is level-matched by the interface level matching network, it is input to the clock and In data recovery, the clock and data recovery recovers the bit synchronization timing clock from the input NRZI code on the one hand, and recovers the NRZI code data on the other hand; then, the recovered clock and data are continuously sent to the NRZI/NRZ decoder Among them, after the NRZI/NRZ decoder decodes the NRZI code into NRZ code, it is input to the serial-to-parallel converter for conversion from the serial data stream to the parallel data stream, and then the parallel 10B code data is decoded by the 8B/10B decoder input into the data receiving and forwarding module;

The data receiving and forwarding module also receives the detection data uploaded through the local data receiving interface, and then packages the received data of the upper-level collection node and the data uploaded locally, and forwards it to the next collection node, and then On the one hand, configure the receiving rate of the clock and data recovery module through the rate adjustment module;

The data transmission interface is mainly composed of 8B/10B encoder, parallel-to-serial conversion, NRZ/NRZI encoder, local clock, interface level matching network, NRZI/MLT-3 encoder and transformer; further, the data receiving and forwarding module first passes The 8B/10B encoder encodes the sent 8B original data into 10B code data, and then converts the parallel 10B code into a serial data stream through parallel-to-serial conversion, and then inputs it into the NRZ/NRZI encoder. NRZ/NRZI encoder Under the beat of the local clock, the NRZ code data stream is encoded into an NRZI code data stream, and the NRZI code data stream is input to the NRZI/MLT-3 encoder after passing through the interface level matching network, and the NRZI/MLT-3 encoder will After the NRZI code is encoded into the MLT-3 code, it is output to the previous collection node through the transformer.

Further, there is a one-to-one relationship between the frequency of the output signal of the local clock and the rate at which the data is sent by the collection node; at the same time, the clock and data recovery have the following functions: (1) The clock and data recovery can adaptively recover from the received data Judging the transmission rate V of the data stream in the stream, and then adjusting its own working state to match the data stream with a transmission rate of V, so as to realize the adaptive adjustment of the receiving rate; (2) clock and data recovery can also receive data from The configuration information of the rate adjustment module realizes the matching of its own data reception rate, that is, when the data transmission rate of the collection node is V, the data receiving and forwarding module can control the rate adjustment module to output the corresponding configuration information to the clock and data recovery , configure the data receive rate for clock and data recovery as V.

Further, the data receiving and forwarding module is composed of a data sending module, a cascaded data receiving module, a cascading data caching module, a local data caching module, a local data receiving module, and a rate adjustment control module; the data uploaded by the local data receiving interface passes through the local data After the receiving module receives it, it is buffered in the local data buffer module. At the same time, after the data from the 8B/10B decoder is received by the cascaded data receiving module, it is buffered in the cascaded data buffer module; the data sending module then sends the local The data in the data buffer module and the cascaded data buffer module are sent to the 8B/10B encoder; the rate adjustment control module is used to control the rate adjustment module to pass the data transmission rate matching parameters to the clock and data recovery module.

The present invention has the following technical effects:

(1) To overcome the disadvantage that the data transmission rate between the acquisition nodes in the prior art cannot be adjusted according to the actual application needs; to provide a general-purpose method in which the transmission rate between the acquisition nodes can be optimally adjusted according to the actual application requirements The transmission method, and after adopting this transmission method, the data transmission and reception interface between the collection nodes is universal, that is, in different array detection systems that require different transmission rates, there is no need to change the data transmission and reception interface between the collection nodes , but only needs to adjust the rate according to the data transmission requirements, that is, a long-distance wired data transmission device whose transmission rate can be adjusted as needed.

(2) To overcome the disadvantages of low efficiency and high transmission bandwidth when Manchester encoding is used for data transmission in the prior art, a transmission technology with higher encoding efficiency and lower transmission bandwidth is provided to further improve the communication between acquisition nodes Data transmission distance.

(3) Since the transmission technology with higher coding efficiency and lower transmission bandwidth is adopted, the present invention can realize reliable transmission of longer-distance data under the condition of the same effective data transmission.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 shows a main functional block diagram of data transmission interfaces between collection nodes in the present invention.

In Figure 1: 1 is the collection node (i) (i=1,2,...); 2 is the data stream; 3 is the transformer; 4 is the MLT-3/NRZI decoder; 5 is the interface level matching network; 6 is Clock and data recovery; 7 is clock recovery; 8 is data recovery; 9 is NRZI/NRZ decoder; 10 is serial-to-parallel converter; 11 is 8B/10B decoder; 12 is data receiving and forwarding module; 10B encoder, 14 for parallel-to-serial conversion, 15 for local data receiving interface, 16 for local clock, 17 for NRZ/NRZI encoder, 18 for interface level matching network, 19 for NRZI/MLT-3 encoder, 20 for A transformer, 21 is an FPGA, and 22 is a transmission line.

Fig. 2 shows the working flow chart of the data receiving and forwarding module of the present invention.

In Fig. 2: 24 is a data sending module, 25 is a cascading data receiving module, 26 is a cascading data caching module, 27 is a local data caching module, 28 is an important data receiving module, and 29 is a rate adjustment control module.

detailed description

In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, accomplish (1) overcome the shortcoming that the data transmission rate between the collection nodes in the prior art cannot be adjusted according to actual application needs; provide a transmission rate between the collection nodes that can be adjusted according to the actual application A universal transmission method that requires optimal adjustment, and after adopting this transmission method, the data transmission and receiving interface between the acquisition nodes is universal, that is, in different array detection systems that require different transmission rates, there is no need to change The data transmission and receiving interfaces between the collection nodes only need to adjust the rate according to the data transmission requirements, that is, the long-distance wired data transmission device whose transmission rate can be adjusted as needed.

(2) To overcome the disadvantages of low efficiency and high transmission bandwidth when Manchester encoding is used for data transmission in the prior art, a transmission technology with higher encoding efficiency and lower transmission bandwidth is provided to further improve the communication between acquisition nodes Data transmission distance.

(3) Since the transmission technology with higher coding efficiency and lower transmission bandwidth is adopted, under the same effective data transmission conditions, the patent of the present invention can realize reliable transmission of longer-distance data.

In order to achieve the above goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a long-distance wired data transmission device whose transmission rate can be adjusted on demand, including:

Transformer: The transformer at the data receiving end is connected to the MLT-3/NRZI decoder, the transformer at the data sending end is connected to the NRZI/MLT-3 encoder, and the transformer isolates and couples the signal;

Further, the MLT-3/NRZI decoder is connected with the transformer and the interface level matching network, and it is used to convert the MLT-3 code into the NRZI code;

Further, the NRZI/MLT-3 coder is connected with the transformer and the interface level matching network, which is used to convert the NRZI code into the MLT-3 code;

Furthermore, the interface level matching network is used for matching between different interface levels. If the level between two interfaces itself meets the matching conditions, this interface level matching network may not be used;

Further, the NRZI/NRZ decoder is used to convert NRZI codes into NRZ codes; the serial-to-parallel converter is used to convert serial data streams into parallel data streams;

Further, the 8B/10B decoder is used to convert 10B codes into 8B codes; the 8B/10B encoder is used to convert 8B codes into 10B codes; the parallel-to-serial conversion is used to convert parallel data streams into serial data streams; NRZ/NRZI encoder is used to convert NRZ code into NRZI code; local clock provides reference clock for data transmission of each collection node; NRZI/MLT-3 encoder is used to convert NRZI code into MLT-3 code;

Further, in the present invention, the clock and data recovery module has the following characteristics: (1) can extract the bit synchronous timing clock from the data stream, (2) can recover the serial data stream from the bit rate between 100Kbps-500Mbps Timing clock and data; this clock and data recovery module can be realized by integrated chip or software programming, and this clock and data recovery module has self-adaptive ability, can be artificially adjusted or automatically from the serial rate between 100Kbps-500Mbps Recover the timing clock and data from the serial data stream; this clock and data recovery module is the key module to realize the function of adjusting the transmission rate on demand;

Furthermore, the present invention first adds more timing signals to the data stream through 8B10B encoding, and on the other hand, makes the transmitted data have better DC balance characteristics, and then transmits the transmitted data through NRZ/NRZI encoding. The bandwidth of the data is reduced by 50%, and then the method of NRZI/MLT-3 encoding further reduces the bandwidth of the transmitted data by 50%. Good DC balance characteristics;

Furthermore, the data transmission path of the acquisition node is composed of a data receiving interface, a data sending interface, a data receiving and forwarding module and a local data receiving interface; the data receiving interface is mainly composed of a transformer, an MLT-3/NRZI decoder, and an interface level matching network , clock and data recovery, NRZI/NRZ decoder, serial-to-parallel converter, 8B/10B decoder; the data transmission interface is mainly composed of 8B/10B encoder, parallel-to-serial conversion, NRZ/NRZI encoder, local clock, interface circuit It is composed of flat matching network, NRZI/MLT-3 encoder and transformer; the data receiving and forwarding module receives the data from the data receiving interface on the one hand, and receives the detection data uploaded through the local data receiving interface on the other hand, and then receives the data After the data from the interface is combined and packaged with the data uploaded by the local data receiving interface, it is forwarded to the next collection node through the data sending interface;

Further, the clock and data recovery can extract the bit-synchronous timing clock and data from the data stream. This clock and data recovery module can be realized by integrated chip or software programming, and this clock and data recovery module has self-adaptive ability, which can be artificially Regulate or automatically recover the timing clock and data from the serial data stream with a rate between 100Kbps-500Mbps. This clock and data recovery module is a key module to realize the function of adjusting the transmission rate on demand.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment further describe the present invention in detail:

In the present invention, the clock and data recovery module has the following characteristics: (1) can extract the bit synchronous timing clock from the data stream, (2) can recover the timing clock from the serial data stream with a bit rate between 100Kbps-500Mbps and data; this clock and data recovery module can be realized by integrated chip or software programming, and this clock and data recovery module has self-adaptive ability, can be artificially adjusted or automatically from the serial data rate between 100Kbps-500Mbps The timing clock and data are recovered from the stream. This clock and data recovery module is a key module to realize the function of adjusting the transmission rate on demand.

Furthermore, the present invention first adds more timing signals to the data stream through 8B10B encoding, and on the other hand, makes the transmitted data have better DC balance characteristics, and then transmits the transmitted data through NRZ/NRZI encoding. The bandwidth of the data is reduced by 50%, and then the method of NRZI/MLT-3 encoding further reduces the bandwidth of the transmitted data by 50%. Good DC balance characteristics.

Further, the data transmission path of the collection node is composed of a data receiving interface, a data sending interface, a data receiving and forwarding module and a local data receiving interface. The data receiving interface is mainly composed of a transformer, MLT-3/NRZI decoder, interface level matching network, clock and data recovery, NRZI/NRZ decoder, serial-parallel converter, 8B/10B decoder; the data sending interface is mainly composed of 8B /10B encoder, parallel-to-serial conversion, NRZ/NRZI encoder, local clock, interface level matching network, NRZI/MLT-3 encoder and transformer. The data receiving and forwarding module receives the data from the data receiving interface on the one hand, and receives the detection data uploaded through the local data receiving interface on the other hand, and then combines the data from the data receiving interface with the data uploaded from the local data receiving interface After packaging, it is forwarded to the next collection node through the data sending interface. On the other hand, the receiving rate of the clock and data recovery module is configured through the rate adjustment module;

The transformer isolates and couples the signal; the MLT-3/NRZI decoder is used to convert the MLT-3 code into NRZI code;

The interface level matching network is used for matching between different interface levels. If the level between two interfaces itself meets the matching conditions, this interface level matching network may not be used;

Clock and data recovery can extract bit-synchronous timing clock and data from the data stream. This clock and data recovery module can be realized by integrated chip or software programming, and this clock and data recovery module has self-adaptive ability, which can be adjusted manually or Automatically recover the timing clock and data from the serial data stream whose rate is between 100Kbps-500Mbps; this clock and data recovery module is the key module to realize the function of adjusting the transmission rate on demand;

NRZI/NRZ decoder is used to convert NRZI code into NRZ code; serial-to-parallel converter is used to convert serial data stream into parallel data stream; 8B/10B decoder is used to convert 10B code into 8B code;

8B/10B encoder is used to convert 8B code into 10B code; parallel-serial conversion is used to convert parallel data stream into serial data stream; NRZ/NRZI encoder is used to convert NRZ code into NRZI code; local The clock provides a reference clock for the data transmission of each collection node; NRZI/MLT-3 encoder is used to convert NRZI code into MLT-3 code;

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

In the present invention, each collection node receives data from the previous collection node through the data receiving interface on the one hand, and receives data from the local data receiving interface on the other hand, and then processes the data accordingly and forwards them through the data sending interface to the next collection node.

Further, the data receiving interface is mainly composed of transformer 3, MLT-3/NRZI decoder 4, interface level matching network 5, clock and data recovery 6, NRZI/NRZ decoder 9, serial-to-parallel converter 10, and 8B/10B decoding Device 11 is composed. Further, the transformer 3 receives the data of the MLT-3 code from the previous collection node, and then converts the MLT-3 code into NRZI code through the MLT-3/NRZI decoder 4, and the NRZI code is carried out through the interface level matching network 5 After the level is matched, it is input to the clock and data recovery 6, and the clock and data recovery 6 recovers the bit synchronous timing clock from the input NRZI code on the one hand, and recovers the NRZI code data on the other hand; then, the recovered clock and The data is continuously sent to the NRZI/NRZ decoder 9 inside the FPGA. After the NRZI/NRZ decoder 9 decodes the NRZI code into an NRZ code, it is input to the serial-to-parallel converter 10 for conversion from the serial data stream to the parallel data stream. Convert, and then input the parallel 10B code data into the data receiving and forwarding module 12 after being decoded by the 8B/10B decoder 11 .

Further, the data receiving and forwarding module 12 also receives the detection data uploaded through the local data receiving interface 15, and then packages the received data of the upper-level collection node and the data uploaded locally, and then forwards it to the next collection node to go.

Further, the data transmission interface is mainly composed of 8B/10B encoder 13, parallel-to-serial conversion 14, NRZ/NRZI encoder 17, local clock 16, interface level matching network 18, NRZI/MLT-3 encoder 19 and transformer 20 . Further, the data receiving and forwarding module 12 first encodes the sent 8B original data into 10B code data through the 8B/10B encoder 13, and then converts the parallel 10B code into a serial data stream through the parallel-to-serial conversion 14, and then inputs it to In the NRZ/NRZI encoder 17, the NRZ/NRZI encoder 17 encodes the NRZ code data stream into an NRZI code data stream under the beat of the local clock 16, and the NRZI code data stream passes through the interface level matching network 18 and is input to the NRZI In the /MLT-3 encoder 19, the NRZI/MLT-3 encoder 19 encodes the NRZI code into an MLT-3 code, and outputs it to the previous collection node through the transformer 20.

Further, the transmission line between the collection nodes adopts twisted pair or coaxial cable.

Further, the interface level matching network 5 or the interface level matching network 11 can be realized by a resistor network or a level shifting chip or a combination of a resistor network and a level shifting chip according to the characteristics of the level type. For example, when the output signal level of MLT-3/NRZI decoder 4 is PECL level, and the input interface level of clock and data recovery 6 is LVPECL level, the level conversion chip MAX9375 can be used to realize the interface level matching network 5, more interface level matching networks can be found in the literature: Luo Luoyu, Huang Deyun, characteristics and applications of LVDS, ECL, CML logic level circuits [J], Journal of Guiyang University (Natural Science Edition), 2009,4( 4): 17-21.

Further, the frequency of the output signal of the local clock 16 has a one-to-one correspondence with the rate at which data is sent by the collection node (i) 1; for array detection systems with different transmission rate requirements, the signals output by the local clock 16 can be differently Frequency division to realize the design of acquisition nodes with different data transmission rates; at the same time, the clock and data recovery 6 has the following functions: (1) the clock and data recovery 6 can adaptively judge the data flow from the received data flow transmission rate V, and then adjust its own working state to match the data flow with transmission rate V, so as to realize the adaptive adjustment of the receiving rate; (2) the clock and data recovery 6 can also receive the data from the rate adjustment module 23 Configuration information, to realize the matching of the data receiving rate of itself, that is to say, when the data sending rate of the collection node is V, the data receiving and forwarding module 12 can control the rate adjustment module 23 to output corresponding configuration information to the clock and data recovery 6, Configure the data receive rate of Clock and Data Recovery 6 as V.

Further, the workflow of data receiving and forwarding module 12 is as shown in Figure 2; The local data receiving module 28 and the rate adjustment control module 29 are composed; after the data uploaded by the local data receiving interface 15 is received by the local data receiving module 28, it is buffered in the local data buffering module 27, and at the same time, the data from the 8B/10B decoder After the data of 11 is received by the cascade data receiving module 25, it is cached in the cascade data cache module 26; the data sending module 24 then sends the data in the local data cache module 27 and the cascade data cache module 26 to the 8B/10B encoder In 13; the rate adjustment control module 29 is used to control the rate adjustment module 23 to deliver data transmission rate matching parameters to the clock and data recovery module 6.

Claims (2)

1. A long-distance wired data transmission device whose transmission rate can be adjusted as required is characterized in that it is composed of a data receiving interface, a data receiving and forwarding module, and a data sending interface; the data receiving interface is decoded by a transformer and MLT-3/NRZI device, interface level matching network, clock and data recovery, NRZI/NRZ decoder, serial-to-parallel converter, and 8B/10B decoder; further, the transformer receives the MLT-3 code data from the previous acquisition node, Then the MLT-3 code is converted into NRZI code through the MLT-3/NRZI decoder. After the NRZI code is level-matched by the interface level matching network, it is input into the clock and data recovery. On the one hand, the clock and data recovery are from the input The bit synchronization timing clock is recovered from the NRZI code, and the NRZI code data is recovered on the other hand; then, the recovered clock and data are sent to the NRZI/NRZ decoder, and the NRZI/NRZ decoder decodes the NRZI code into NRZ After coding, it is input to the serial-to-parallel converter to convert from serial data stream to parallel data stream, and then the parallel 10B code data is decoded by 8B/10B decoder and then input to the data receiving and forwarding module; The data receiving and forwarding module also receives the detection data uploaded through the local data receiving interface, and then packages the received data of the upper-level collection node and the data uploaded locally, and then forwards it to the next collection node; The data transmission interface is composed of 8B/10B encoder, parallel-to-serial conversion, NRZ/NRZI encoder, local clock, interface level matching network, NRZI/MLT-3 encoder and transformer; further, the data receiving and forwarding module first passes through the 8B The /10B encoder encodes the sent 8B original data into 10B code data, and then converts the parallel 10B code into a serial data stream through parallel-serial conversion, and then inputs it into the NRZ/NRZI encoder, and the NRZ/NRZI encoder is in Under the beat of the local clock, the NRZ code data stream is encoded into an NRZI code data stream, and the NRZI code data stream is input to the NRZI/MLT-3 encoder after passing through the interface level matching network, and the NRZI/MLT-3 encoder converts the NRZI code data stream into the NRZI code data stream. After the code is compiled into MLT-3 code, it is output to the next collection node through the transformer; There is a one-to-one relationship between the output signal frequency of the local clock and the rate at which data is sent by the acquisition node; at the same time, the clock and data recovery have the following functions: (1) The clock and data recovery can adaptively recover from the received data stream Determine the transmission rate V of the data stream, and then adjust its own working state to match the data stream with a transmission rate of V, so as to realize the adaptive adjustment of the receiving rate; (2) clock and data recovery can also receive data from the rate adjustment The configuration information of the module realizes the matching of its own data receiving rate, that is, when the data sending rate of the acquisition node is V, the data receiving and forwarding module can control the rate adjustment module to output the corresponding configuration information to the clock and data recovery, and the The data receive rate configuration for clock and data recovery is V. 2. The long-distance wired data transmission device whose transmission rate can be adjusted on demand as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data receiving and forwarding module is composed of a data sending module, a cascaded data receiving module, a cascaded data cache module, a local It is composed of a data cache module, a local data receiving module and a rate adjustment control module; after the data uploaded by the local data receiving interface is received by the local data receiving module, it is buffered in the local data buffering module. At the same time, the data from the 8B/10B decoder After the data is received by the cascaded data receiving module, it is buffered in the cascaded data buffer module; the data sending module then sends the data in the local data buffer module and the cascaded data buffer module to the 8B/10B encoder; the rate adjustment control module is Use the decontrol rate adjustment block to pass the data transfer rate matching parameters to the clock and data recovery block.