CN104737738B - Method of greening bare slope by utilizing local herbaceous plants - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for greening exposed slopes by using local herbaceous plants. It includes: cleaning the bare slope, fixing the net on the slope with anchors, and then spraying the planting base material or covering soil on the slope; collecting mature Zongye reed fruit ears from late May to early June. For the ear of reed reed, thresh the ear of reed reed, and sieve to obtain the spikelets and caryopsis of reed reed; put the coconut bran in water, soak it, let it fully absorb the water, then remove the coconut bran, mix the coconut bran with Mix the spikelets and caryopses of Zongyelu evenly, and place them to absorb the water; mix the coconut bran mixed with spikelets and caryops of Zongyelu with pigeonpea seeds, fertilizer and water and stir evenly to prepare Spray and sow materials, use a spray sowing machine to spray and sow on the mud on the slope, cover with non-woven fabrics, and carry out maintenance until the bare slope is covered with reeds and pigeonpea plants. The method of the invention is simple to operate, has high greening success rate, obvious greening effect, and can quickly achieve greening ecological and landscape effects.

Description

A method of greening bare slopes by using native herbaceous plants

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of environmental ecological restoration, and in particular relates to a method for greening exposed slopes by using native herbs.

Background technique

With the rapid development of my country's economy, the impact on the ecological environment is also increasing. For example, the construction of expressways requires the use of a large amount of sand and gravel materials due to the exposed slopes caused by excavation and the construction of buildings and infrastructure. As for the abandoned quarries or mines, with the rapid economic and social development, the country has accelerated infrastructure construction in recent years, especially in the economically developed southern region, where investment is large and the construction period is longer. During the construction of highways, railways, water conservancy, and mines, it is often necessary to excavate mountains and a large number of exposed slopes will appear, especially when highways and railways pass through mountainous areas, high filling and deep excavation will produce a large number of exposed slopes. Bare slopes will bring a series of environmental problems, such as soil erosion, landslides, mudslides, deterioration of local microclimate, and destruction of biological chains. The exposed slopes formed by these projects often take a long time to restore the ecological balance by relying on the power of nature itself. According to relevant literature, it takes 40-100 years to restore the damaged vegetation only by natural power. Steep rocky slopes often leave permanent scars that cannot be restored naturally. Slope bioengineering studies have shown that plants, especially herbaceous plants, have the ability to control soil erosion, and their functions mainly include: rainfall interception, runoff delay, soil infiltration, and soil consolidation. Therefore, in order to quickly and effectively restore the ecology of the damaged slope and reduce ecological disasters, it is necessary to take corresponding measures to artificially afforest the slope. The implementation of slope vegetation restoration and reconstruction is the fundamental measure of slope protection. The selection of plant species in slope greening is mainly determined by climate, soil, hydrological conditions and expected restoration goals. At present, domestic slope greening grass species mostly use imported grass species, and there are few types, which do not meet the requirements of various terrain conditions. Moreover, due to the poor ecological adaptability of some introduced grass species, the vegetation on the slopes that have been greened will be degraded. According to local ecological conditions, it is very important to select suitable local herbaceous plant species for slope ecological restoration. Therefore, the slope ecological restoration should be based on the development and utilization of local wild resources.

Thysanolaena latifolia (Roxburgh ex Hornemann) Honda is a perennial herb. Stems 1-3m high, erect and strong. Leaves lanceolate, 20-50cm long, 3-8cm wide, with transverse veins, apex acuminate, base heart-shaped, stalked. The panicle is large, soft, up to 50cm long, with many branches, ascending obliquely, the lower part is exposed, and the main branch at the base is up to 30cm long; the spikelet is 1.5-1.8mm long, and the spikelet peduncle is about 2mm long, with joints. Caryopsis oblong, about 0.5mm long. There are two flowering and fruiting periods a year, spring and summer or autumn. Widely distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Fujian, Taiwan and other places. Born in hillsides, valleys or under woods and thickets. Distributed in India, Indochina, Indonesia, and New Guinea. North American introduction. The root system of Zongye reed is well developed, and it is extremely resistant to drought and barrenness. The stalks are tall and solid, and can be used as fences or paper, the leaves can be wrapped in rice dumplings, and the inflorescences can be used as brooms. Cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Pigeon bean Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. erect shrub, 1-3m. Much branched, 3-6 seeds, nearly round, slightly flattened, dark red seed coat, sometimes with brown spots. The flowering period is winter, and the fruiting period is from November to February of the following year. Widely distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Jiangsu. It is generally cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions in the world, and it is extremely resistant to barrenness and drought.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method with simple operation, high greening success rate, obvious greening effect, which can quickly achieve the ecological and landscape effects of greening, and utilize native herbal plants to green bare slopes.

The method for greening bare slopes utilizing local herbaceous plants of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

a. Clean up the exposed slope, fix the net on the slope, and then spray the planting substrate or covering soil on the slope as artificial soil;

b. Collect the mature ears of the syringa when the ears are mature from late May to early June, threshing the ears of the scorpion, and sieving to obtain the spikelets and caryopsis of the scorpion;

c. Put the coconut bran into the water, soak it, let it fully absorb the water, then take out the coconut bran, mix the coconut bran with the spikelets and caryopses of the reeds, and let them absorb the water ;

d. Mix the coco peat mixed with the spikelets and caryopsis of the reed reed, pigeon pea seeds, fertilizer, adhesive and water to make a spraying material, and use a spraying machine to spray it on the artificial soil on the slope , covered with non-woven fabric, and maintained until the bare slope is covered with reed and pigeonpea plants.

The mesh is preferably galvanized wire mesh.

The sowing rate of the spikelets and caryopsis of the reed reed is 6g/m ² , and the sowing rate of pigeonpea seeds is 10g/m ² .

The placement of the step c allows the spikelets and caryopsis to absorb moisture, preferably in a cool place for 24 hours, to allow the spikelets and caryopsis to absorb moisture.

Zongyelu and pigeonpea are easy to grow, and generally germinate 7-10 days after sowing. The herbaceous plant Zongyelu can cover the slope before the pigeonpea grows well, and play an early role in preventing soil erosion, that is, rainfall interception, The role of runoff delay; pigeonpea is a leguminous plant, its rhizobia has nitrogen fixation, the root system of pigeonpea is deep, which plays an anchoring role on the slope, and the root system of the herbaceous plant scorpion is developed, which is slightly shallower than that of shrubs. The slope surface acts as a reinforcement, and the zongyelu and pigeonpea slope protection complement each other.

Zongyelu can grow 60-90cm high in a year on the slope, and it can bloom and bear fruit after 2 years, and some of the produced seeds can germinate and grow after falling to the surface of the slope, and will form a dense herb on the slope after 3 years layer, so as to play the role of soil consolidation and slope protection, preventing soil erosion, desertification, and rocky desertification. The nitrogen fixed by the rhizobia of pigeonpea can provide a source of fertilizer for the growth of Auranthus japonicus, avoid fertilization in the later stage, and help reduce maintenance costs.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

The method of the invention is simple in operation, high in greening success rate, obvious in greening effect, can quickly achieve the ecological and landscape effect of greening, the reed root system of zongzi leaves is dense, numerous and developed, the effect of soil fixing and slope protection is good, and the noise in the road driving environment can be absorbed and absorb flying dust. The slope after greening does not require special care, basically no maintenance in the later stage, and is easy to promote and apply.

The present inventor has completed the development and utilization of the wild plant germplasm resources of the native herb plant Azalea sylvestris for the first time, and applied it to the greening of bare slopes, and achieved good results.

The present invention has the following prominent advantages: (1) the root system of the reed reed is well developed, evergreen in all seasons, and the plant type is beautiful; (2) the grass layer grown on the slope by the reed reed is stable and will not degenerate, and the longer the better (3) The effect of maintaining water and soil and greening the exposed slope is very good, and the ecological environment of the slope is well restored, and it is in harmony with the surrounding environment; Supplement, form a dense root network, and play a good role in soil stabilization and slope protection.

The method of the present invention has lower requirements on the climate and can be implemented from March to October. Of course, in order to ensure the success rate, it is best to do it in the rainy season, which can reduce the manual watering operation and help save labor. In order to avoid the failure of greening due to excessive water and soil loss at the initial stage, heavy rain should be avoided during the greening operation.

detailed description:

The following examples are to further illustrate the present invention, rather than limit the present invention.

Example 1: Greening of exposed rock slopes of an expressway

1)(1) Clean up the exposed slope, and remove loose stones and tree stumps on the slope. (2) On the slope, according to the horizontal interval of 2m and the vertical interval of 1m, drive the anchor rod part with a length of 60-80cm and a diameter of 120mm into the slope, and the exposed length is about 12cm. (3) Hang the net, fix the galvanized barbed wire (specification: wire diameter 2.4mm, grid 5cm×5cm, length×width 15m×2m) on the anchor rod, and use The wire is locked on the anchor rod. (4) Planting soil (750kg/m ³ ), peat soil (100kg/m ³ ), bio-organic fertilizer (100kg/m ³ ), compound fertilizer (30kg/m ³ ), water retaining agent (sodium polyacrylate/potassium SAP , 1kg/m ³ ), binder (polyacrylamide, PAM, 1kg/m ³ ), appropriate amount of water, etc., are mixed to make the vegetation substrate, and the vegetation substrate is sprayed on the bare slope with a guest soil sprayer As artificial soil, the barbed wire is completely covered, and the thickness of the soil layer is about 10cm.

2) From the end of May to the first ten days of June, the fruit ears of the mature Zongye reed are collected;

3) Place the collected ears in a cool and ventilated place for 1-2 days;

4) "Threshing" and sifting the fruit ears of the reed reed through a small-scale agricultural threshing machine to obtain the spikelets and caryopsis of reed reed;

5) Calculate the amount of coconut peat according to the area of the slope to be implemented (coco peat dry weight 1000g/m ² ), put the coconut peat bricks into a large plastic bucket filled with normal temperature water for 2 hours to allow it to fully absorb water;

6) Filter the coconut bran from the water and put it into a large empty plastic bucket or plastic film, calculate the amount of seeds (6g/m ² ) according to the area of the slope to be implemented, and put the spikelets and caryopsis of the reed Mix it with fully absorbent coconut peat and place it indoors or in a cool place for 24 hours;

7) Mix the coco peat mixed with the spikelets and caryopses of the reed reed, pigeonpea seeds (10g/m ² ), phosphate fertilizer (100g/m ² ), binder (cellulose 12g/m ² ), and water and stir Uniformly made spray material;

8) Use a hydraulic sprayer to spray the material onto the target exposed slope, cover it with non-woven fabric, and perform proper maintenance according to the weather conditions;

9) Zongyelu caryopsis germinates in 7-10 days, pigeon pea seeds germinate in 10-15 days, and after the Zongyelu seedlings are 20-30cm high, the non-woven fabric is removed until the exposed slope is covered with Zongyelu and woodpeas. Bean plants, complete the slope greening.

After one year of growth, the slope is covered with plants of Zongyelu and pigeonpea, and the greenery is abundant.

Example 2: Greening of exposed soil slopes in a resort area

1)(1) Clean up the exposed slope, and remove loose stones and tree stumps on the slope. (2) Excavate a rectangular ditch on the slope, the width of the rectangular ditch is 10-15cm×6-8cm, and the distance between the ditch is about 30cm. (3) Lay the net, put the mesh side up, and spread the three-dimensional net against the slope from the top to the foot of the slope. The top of the net extends about 50cm and bury it in the soil in the drainage ditch at the top of the slope. Two adjacent rolls of mesh are overlapped with each other, with a lap width of 10-20cm, and then U-shaped nails (length 20cm) made of galvanized iron wire (wire diameter 6mm) are used to fix the mesh, and the upper and lower grooves are backfilled and compacted, and the mesh is laid Do not pull the net too tight. (4) Covering soil: cover soil on the three-dimensional net, add decomposed organic fertilizer, peat soil or silt, and fertilizer mix with red loam, layer, fill the soil multiple times, and fully drench and settle naturally. The thickness of the covering soil is 3-5cm.

2) From the end of May to the first ten days of June, the fruit ears of the mature Zongye reed are collected;

3) Place the collected ears in a cool and ventilated place for 1-2 days;

4) "Threshing" and sifting the fruit ears of the reed reed through a small-scale agricultural threshing machine to obtain the spikelets and caryopsis of reed reed;

5) Calculate the amount of coconut peat according to the area of the slope to be implemented (dry weight of coconut peat is 600g/m ² ), put the coconut peat bricks into a large plastic bucket filled with normal temperature water for 2 hours to allow it to fully absorb water;

6) Filter the coconut bran from the water and put it into a large empty plastic bucket or plastic film, calculate the amount of seeds (6g/m ² ) according to the area of the slope to be implemented, and put the spikelets and caryopsis of the reed Mix it with fully absorbent coconut peat and place it indoors or in a cool place for 24 hours;

7) Mix the coco peat mixed with the spikelets and caryopses of the reed reed, pigeonpea seeds (10g/m ² ), phosphate fertilizer (100g/m ² ), binder (cellulose 10g/m ² ), and water and stir Uniformly made spray material;

8) Use a hydraulic sprayer to spray the material onto the target slope, cover it with non-woven fabric, and perform proper maintenance according to the weather conditions;

9) Zongyelu caryopsis germinates in 7-10 days, pigeon pea seeds germinate in 10-15 days, and the non-woven fabric is removed after the Zongyelu seedlings are 10-15cm high until the bare slope is covered with Zongyelu and woodpeas. Bean plants, complete the slope greening.

After one year of growth, the slope is covered with plants of Zongyelu and pigeonpea, and the greenery is abundant.

Coconut peat in the above-mentioned embodiment is coconut shell fiber powder, has: (1) good water retention: can fully keep water and nutrient, reduce the loss of water and nutrient, help plant root system absorb nutrient well in the growth process and water, which is beneficial to the growth of plants; (2) has good air permeability, prevents the root system of plants from rotting, and promotes the growth of plant roots; (3) natural decomposition is slow, which is conducive to prolonging the water and fertilizer retention time of the spraying substrate; (3) ) The spikelets and caryopsis of Zongyelu are easily adsorbed on the coconut bran, which is conducive to the even distribution of spikelets and caryopsis of Zongyelu on the slope.

The phosphorus fertilizer used in the embodiment has the effect of promoting the rooting of plant seeds.

The non-woven fabric used in the embodiment is a kind of polypropylene (PP material) pellets as raw material, which is produced through steps such as high-temperature melting, spinning, laying, hot-pressing and coiling. It is a new generation of environmentally friendly materials, with: (1) good elasticity, (2) breathable, waterproof, flexible, non-combustible, (3) heat preservation, moisturizing, (4) environmental protection, non-toxic, tasteless, and cheap. It will be decomposed naturally after about 90 days in the outdoor environment. It is non-toxic, tasteless, and without any residual substances when burned, and does not pollute the environment. It is a commercially available product.

Thysanolaena latifolia and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) used in the present invention grow faster, germinate 7-10 days after sowing, and can basically cover the slope in about 90 days, and pigeon pea grows for 1 year The rear tree height is 1-3m, the ground diameter is 2-4cm, and the crown width is 120-200cm. It has a high greening success rate, is easy to operate, easy to popularize and apply, and has excellent greening effect. It can absorb the flying dust and does not require special maintenance. Therefore, it can be widely used in the greening of highway soil and rock slopes, and can also be used for the regreening of abandoned quarries and mines. It has very good performance. Application prospects.

Claims (4)

1. A method of utilizing local herbaceous plants to green bare slopes, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: a. Clean up the exposed slope, fix the net on the slope, and then spray the planting substrate or covering soil on the slope as artificial soil; b. Collect the mature ears of the syringa when the ears are mature from late May to early June, threshing the ears of the scorpion, and sieving to obtain the spikelets and caryopsis of the scorpion; c. Put the coconut bran into the water, soak it, let it fully absorb the water, then take out the coconut bran, mix the coconut bran with the spikelets and caryopses of the reeds, and let them absorb the water ; d. Mix the coco peat mixed with the spikelets and caryopsis of the reed reed, pigeon pea seeds, fertilizer, adhesive and water to make a spraying material, and use a spraying machine to spray it on the artificial soil on the slope , covered with non-woven fabric, and maintained until the bare slope is covered with reed and pigeonpea plants. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the net is a galvanized wire net. 3. the method for utilizing local herbaceous plant greening bare slope according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the sowing rate of described Zongye reed spikelets and caryopsis is 6g/m ² , the sowing rate of pigeonpea seed 10g/m ² . 4. the method for utilizing local herbaceous plant greening bare slope according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the placement of described step c allows the scorpion leaf reed spikelets and caryopsis to absorb moisture and is placed in a cool place for 24 hours, Let the spikelets and caryopsis absorb water.