CN104696938A - Mechanical and thermal combined vapor compression system based on comprehensive utilization of wastewater - Google Patents
Mechanical and thermal combined vapor compression system based on comprehensive utilization of wastewater Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a mechanical and thermal combined vapor compression system based on comprehensive utilization of wastewater. According to the mechanical and thermal combined vapor compression system, a low-pressure flash tank flashes medium-pressure condensing wastewater into low-pressure flash steam; a high-pressure flash tank carries out instantaneous vaporization on high-temperature high-pressure saline wastewater to generate high pressure flash steam; a centrifugal compressor receives the low-pressure flash steam and is subjected to adiabatic compression together with other low-pressure steam to be generated into medium-pressure sutured steam; a steam reheater heats excessive low-pressure steam exceeding the rated flow of the centrifugal compressor; a nozzle-adjustable steam injection pump injects the heated excessive low-pressure steam by taking the high pressure flash steam as power steam to generate medium-pressure sutured steam. The mechanical and thermal combined vapor compression system based on comprehensive utilization of wastewater not only realizes optimum gradient utilization for waste heat in different grades but also has better adaptability to load change of a user.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to thermal technology field, particularly relate to a kind of mechanical heating power compound type steamed vapour pressure compression system based on low-pressure steam and middle pressure condensed water and the comprehensive utilization of HTHP brine waste.
Background technology
At present a lot of industry such as oil extraction, oil-refining chemical, textile printing and dyeing, bio-pharmaceuticals, food processing and thermoelectric heating etc. all need the steam of a large amount of different grade, with satisfied heating, distillation, drying and the process requirements such as to concentrate.And these steam user can produce a large amount of low parameter steam and HTHP condensate water simultaneously, the condensed water produced after the steam produced after the low-pressure steam that the low pressure exhaust steam of discharging after such as turbine expansion acting, vacuum flash or expenditure and pressure produce, concentrate heating and high steam heat exchange, this part waste vapour and waste water are rich in a large amount of heat resources, if be directly discharged in air or ground and body of groundwater, not only cause heat energy and water resource waste, even can produce serious environmental pollution.Only Industrial Boiler just consumes the raw coal of about 500,000,000 tons every year for the production of steam at present, wherein 1/5 steam latent heat and waste water sensible heat directly discharged without utilization, therefore these residual heat resources are necessary to be reclaimed, to improving capacity usage ratio, reduce energy resource consumption and environmental pollution, and bring good social and economic benefits.
Low pressure exhaust steam directly utilizes and is generally difficult to find the low-grade heat user matched, and cannot meet again high-grade heat user industrial production duty requirements.And if high-temperature high-pressure waste water is directly used in heating, due to utilization is its sensible heat, not only invest high, take up an area large, energy consumption is many, and it is unsatisfactory for heat transfer effect the steam containing air, and cause the waste of great capacity for work, thermodynamically do not meet Energy harvesting maximization principle.Compression method based on heat pump principle is a kind of effective steam energy grade upgrade method.For mechanical compression heat pump, this equipment consumes mechanical or electrical energy by the form of compression, and energy transferring is produced high temperature and high pressure steam to low-pressure steam, is drop into fraction high-lying well to promote low-pressure steam grade in essence, thus press heat user, to use its latent heat in supply.It can change the amount of heat and the industrial waste heat that cannot directly utilize that belong to low temperature range into useful energy, and be supplied to indoor heating or some technical process, but what expend due to mechanical compression type heat pump is high-grade mechanical energy, fail to make full use of the acting ability of high-temperature high-pressure waste water.Therefore must consider that one can realize low-pressure steam supercharging and heat up, effectively can utilize high-grade waste water heat energy again, reduce the both vapor compression step energy scheme of power consumption.We have invented a kind of mechanical heating power compound type steamed vapour pressure compression system based on wastewater utilization newly for this reason, solve above technical problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly to reclaim and the mechanical heating power compound type steamed vapour pressure compression system of middle pressure condensed water and HTHP brine waste cascade utilization technology based on low-pressure steam, final on the basis that mesohigh waste water heat energy makes full use of, realize that low-pressure steam is efficient, low power consumption, low cost reclaim upgrading, and return heat user and recycle.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention realizes by following technical measures: based on the mechanical heating power compound type steamed vapour pressure compression system of wastewater utilization, this system comprises low pressure flash chamber, hp flash drum, nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump, centrifugal compressor and steam reheater, this low pressure flash chamber presses condensation waste water in receiving, and be low pressure flash steam by the flash distillation of middle pressure condensation waste water, this hp flash drum receives HTHP brine waste, and HTHP brine waste is carried out shwoot, produce high pressure flash steam, this centrifugal compressor is connected to low pressure flash chamber, receive low pressure flash steam, and together carry out adiabatic compression with other low-pressure steam, saturated vapor is pressed in generation, this steam reheater is connected to the exit of this centrifugal compressor, and the unnecessary low-pressure steam exceeding this centrifugal compressor metered flow is heated, the injection end of this nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump is connected to this steam reheater to receive the unnecessary low-pressure steam after heating, the arrival end of this nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump is connected to this hp flash drum, to receive high pressure flash steam, this nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump using high pressure flash steam as power steam with injection heating after unnecessary low-pressure steam, saturated vapor is pressed in generation.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention also realizes by following technical measures:
The present invention not only achieves the optimization cascade utilization of different grade used heat, and it is better for customer charge variation adaptability, because compressor is in declared working condition, remain efficient duty, save off rating to operate the unnecessary power consumption caused, utilize HTHP residual heat resources to compress simultaneously, save the consumption of high-grade electric energy, can in the latent heat of low-pressure steam and high pressure waste water owing to taking full advantage of, drastically increase heat utilization rate, decrease the overall hear rate of process system, reduce energy consumption cost.The present invention can be widely used in Steam Heating, compression and related industrial fields.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of a concrete case study on implementation of the mechanical heating power compound type steamed vapour pressure compression system based on wastewater utilization of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
For making above and other object of the present invention, feature and advantage can become apparent, cited below particularly go out better case study on implementation 1, and coordinate institute's accompanying drawings, be described in detail below.
As shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 is the structure chart of the mechanical heating power compound type steamed vapour pressure compression system based on wastewater utilization of the present invention.Should be made up of low pressure flash chamber 1, hp flash drum 2, nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3, centrifugal compressor 4, steam reheater 5 and low pressure flash chamber heater 6 and condensate pump 7 based on the mechanical heating power compound type steamed vapour pressure compression system of wastewater utilization.
The middle pressure condensation waste water that low pressure flash chamber 1 presses heat user to produce in receiving, and be low pressure flash steam by the flash distillation of middle pressure condensation waste water, ensure that the low pressure flash steam produced is identical with low pressure exhaust steam pressure, so that subsequent recovery utilizes.In order to press the flash distillation rate of condensed water in increasing, in flash tank, install low pressure flash chamber heater 6 to provide more latent heat for shwoot, after flash distillation, remaining low pressure condensed water is then as the desuperheating water water source of boiler feedwater water source, centrifugal compressor 4 and nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3.Particularly, condensate pump 7 is connected to low pressure flash chamber 1, and be divided into three strands by after low pressure condensed water boosting remaining after flash distillation, wherein one sends into boiler as boiler feedwater, one inlet nozzle passing into centrifugal compressor 4 carries out humidification to steam in advance and ensures that outlet is for saturated vapor, another strand is then connected to the port of export of nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3, carries out humidification desuperheat, make its state that reaches capacity to the superheated steam after compression.
Hp flash drum 2 receives the HTHP brine waste come by steam generator system, and HTHP brine waste is carried out shwoot, by the form pressure and temperature reducing of spray atomizing, the high pressure flash steam produced then makes the power steam of nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3 for injection low-pressure steam, namely entrainments low-pressure steam and compresses.Condensed water after the flash distillation of HTHP brine waste is divided into two strands, wherein one pass into low-pressure steam reheater 5 in order to heating entrainment steam to improve the mass ratio of induced-to-inducing air of steam jet pump, another strand passes into low pressure flash chamber heater 6 and coagulates water as heat source low pressure thus the evaporation rate increasing low pressure flash pot liquid, and the flash distillation after low-pressure steam reheater 5 heat exchange is coagulated water and introduced saline sewage recovery system again so that desalination recycling.
Centrifugal compressor 4 is connected to low pressure flash chamber 1, receives the low pressure flash steam of low pressure flash chamber 1 flash distillation, and together carries out adiabatic compression with other low-pressure steam, press saturated vapor in generation.Owing to being superheated steam after dry saturated steam adiabatic compression, be unfavorable for heat exchange.Affect follow-up flow process to use to prevent outlet vapor overheated, atomizer is installed in centrifugal compressor 4 porch and sprays into saturation water, the humidity of prior increase inlet steam, makes steam reach capacity to reduce superheat steam temperature, ensures that compressor runs under declared working condition.Particularly, the inlet nozzle of centrifugal compressor 4 is sprayed into after being boosted by condensate pump 7 by condensed water after low pressure flash, dry saturated vapor is become wet saturated steam, then by the mode of centrifugal compressor 4 adiabatic compression by energy transferring to the low-pressure steam after humidification, final outlet is middle pressure saturated vapor.Namely whole compression process ensure that compression terminal is saturated vapor, compression process can be made again to maintain a lower temperature levels all the time and be unlikely to cause because of overheated temperature to raise excessive and damaged blade.
Nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3 is coupled to centrifugal compressor 4 by injection end, receives the unnecessary low-pressure steam exceeding centrifugal compressor 4 metered flow, and low-pressure steam is carried out thermal compression.In one embodiment, nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3 injection end is then incorporated into for the low-pressure steam more than needed exceeding centrifugal compressor 4 metered flow, first carrying out heating by the steam reheater 5 being connected to centrifugal compressor 4 exit to it makes low-pressure steam overheated, to reduce steam specific volume, improve steam enthalpy, improve jet pump mass ratio of induced-to-inducing air, and then reduce the high pressure flash steam consumption compressing unit low-pressure steam and consume.The arrival end of nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3 is connected to hp flash drum 2, to receive high pressure flash steam, and through inner Rafael nozzle, steam flow rate is improved, Pressure Drop reduction lower than by the low-pressure steam pressure of injection, thus produce certain suction force.Imported by the mouth that entrainments of low-pressure superheated steam after reheating from nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3, the diffuser pipe after low-pressure steam is sucked and enters nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3 after mixing chamber mixes with main steam again in nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3 boosts the middle pressure reached required for heat user.
In one embodiment, for nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3, because the steam after injection compression is superheated steam, heating should not be directly used in, therefore nozzle is installed on nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3 outlet conduit and low pressure condensed water after directly introducing boosting carries out spray desuperheating to this strand of superheated steam, condensed water absorbs the sensible heat of superheated steam, and itself is gasified, and realizes condensate water circulatory recycling.And superheated steam is owing to discharging sensible heat and the saturated vapor become under same equal pressure of lowering the temperature, is convenient to subsequent thermal user and makes full use of its latent heat of use, improve overall thermal utilization rate.Press during centrifugal compressor 4 and nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3 are produced saturated vapor collect after can send into middle pressure steam heat user for use.
Based on the mechanical heating power compound type steamed vapour pressure compression system of wastewater utilization, the technical process such as should comprise height based on mechanical heating power compound type steamed vapour pressure compression system of wastewater utilization, the flash distillation of middle pressure waste water, the compression of low-pressure steam machinery, saturated vapor reheating, steam jet pump thermal compression, saturated vapor humidification, superheated steam temperature reduction and compressed steam recycle, this mechanical heating power compound type steamed vapour pressure compression system based on wastewater utilization mainly through thermodynamic processes such as pressure build up humidification desuperheats to reclaim low pressure exhaust steam latent heat and middle high-pressure waste water heat energy.
Under regard to some special operation conditions and be illustrated:
(1) without high pressure waste water operating mode: when scene only has middle pressure condensed water and low pressure waste water, whole low-pressure steam introduces centrifugal compressor 4 with cycling and reutilization of upgrading;
(2) without low pressure waste vapour operating mode: when scene does not have low pressure waste vapour, after high-temperature high-pressure waste water being flashed to user's matching pressure, flash-off steam is by nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3 bypass supply heat user;
(3) the rich operating mode of high pressure waste water: when there is a large amount of high-temperature high-pressure waste water more than needed at scene, compression duty can have been come by nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3 completely, and namely all low-pressure steams all pass into nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3 injection end and carry out thermal compression;
(4) the rich operating mode of low-pressure steam: now low-pressure steam is divided into two strands, compression duty completes primarily of centrifugal compressor 4, nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3 is as auxiliary compression system, the compression duty of another part steam is completed as power, i.e. centrifugal compressor 4 and nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3 parallel running mode by high pressure flash steam;
(5) operating mode is changed with steam pressure: when heat user steam pressure demand fluctuation changes greatly, if the pressure limit exceeding centrifugal compressor 4 is compressed steam, not only outlet parameter is not up to standard, and can increase unit both vapor compression energy consumption.Now first should ensure that centrifugal compressor 4 runs under specified operating mode, and centrifugal compressor 4 outlet vapor is introduced directly into the injection entrance of nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3, change the nozzle structural parameters of nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3 in order to match compressor outlet vapor pressure, follow-up compression work is completed by nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3, thus system recoveries energy consumption is minimum when ensureing that low-pressure steam reaches specified pressure, this is centrifugal compressor 4 and nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump 3 series operation mode;
(6) different pressures uses vapour operating mode simultaneously: when existence two kinds and two or more steam pressure demand, two or multiple stage jet pump device can be adopted, adjust bypass, parallel connection and cascaded structure according to demand, and ensure that whole steam compression system immanent structure rationally, automatically regulates perfect, the mutual Optimized Matching of device, make high pressure flash vapour reclaim vapour more than more low pressure as much as possible, thus reach compressibility global optimization, maximise power-saving, steam supply rationalizes, process steam optimization.
Finally, it should be pointed out that above embodiment is only the more representational example of the present invention.Obviously, technical scheme of the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment 1, can also have many distortion.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive from content disclosed by the invention or associate, all should think protection scope of the present invention.
In an application specific embodiment of the present invention, certain multi-purpose station field has a sewage disposal system.This system has an evaporimeter, and need flow is 5t/h, pressure is 0.15MPa dry saturated steam as technique thermal source during actual motion, this system can produce the dry saturated steam that pressure is 0.1MPa simultaneously.This system has the centrifugal vapor compressor of a pressure ratio 1.5, treating capacity 5t/h, declared working condition power consumption 185kW.Having a high mass dryness fraction steam-water separator near device context, is 14.2Mpa by 23t/h pressure under declared working condition, mass dryness fraction be 0.75 moist steam be separated water outlet after produce the separating at high temperature waste water of 12t/h.According to existence conditions design UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN technique, and calculate amount of electricity saving.
In order to solve the problem, first according to Fig. 1 determination waste heat recovery and both vapor compression technique.Next determines the best flashing pressure of high pressure waste water.Consider the power steam of HTHP flash steam as jet pump, its utilization rate is higher, and amount of electricity saving is more obvious.Be: working steam pressure is undetermined that entrainmenting steam is 0.1MPa dry saturated steam for its main working parameters of jet pump, export as 0.15Mpa superheated steam, consider that flashing pressure is larger, flash distillation rate is lower, and power steam amount is fewer.Meanwhile, flashing pressure is larger, and mass ratio of induced-to-inducing air is larger.Table 1 illustrates the flash distillation rate of the high pressure waste water under different flashing pressure and the mass ratio of induced-to-inducing air of water under high pressure flash steam, can determine that best flashing pressure is 2MPa thus.
Ton water jet coefficient calculations result under the different flashing pressure of table 1
| Flashing pressure/MPa | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 |
| Flash distillation rate | 0.49 | 0.44 | 0.41 | 0.36 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.18 |
| Mass ratio of induced-to-inducing air | 0.20 | 0.94 | 1.18 | 1.40 | 1.41 | 1.25 | 0.97 |
| Comprehensive mass ratio of induced-to-inducing air | 0.098 | 0.414 | 0.484 | 0.504 | 0.409 | 0.359 | 0.175 |
If use centrifugal compressor to compress simple, then compressing ton steam consumption electricity is Wm=185/5=35 kWh;
Reclaiming high-temperature high-pressure waste water compressed steam amount is: 23* (1-0.75) * 0.504=3.025 t/h
Then high-temperature high-pressure waste water amount of electricity saving is: 3.025*35=105.875 kWh
Namely adopt high-temperature high-pressure waste water to carry out low-pressure steam and compress the electricity can saving 105.875 kWh.
Claims (6)
1. based on the mechanical heating power compound type steamed vapour pressure compression system of wastewater utilization, it is characterized in that, this system comprises low pressure flash chamber, hp flash drum, nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump, centrifugal compressor and steam reheater, this low pressure flash chamber presses condensation waste water in receiving, and be low pressure flash steam by the flash distillation of middle pressure condensation waste water, this hp flash drum receives HTHP brine waste, and HTHP brine waste is carried out shwoot, produce high pressure flash steam, this centrifugal compressor is connected to low pressure flash chamber, receive low pressure flash steam, and together carry out adiabatic compression with other low-pressure steam, saturated vapor is pressed in generation, this steam reheater is connected to the exit of this centrifugal compressor, and the unnecessary low-pressure steam exceeding this centrifugal compressor metered flow is heated, the injection end of this nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump is connected to this steam reheater to receive the unnecessary low-pressure steam after heating, the arrival end of this nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump is connected to this hp flash drum, to receive high pressure flash steam, this nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump using high pressure flash steam as power steam with injection heating after unnecessary low-pressure steam, saturated vapor is pressed in generation.
2. the mechanical heating power compound type steamed vapour pressure compression system based on wastewater utilization according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, this system also comprises condensate pump, this condensate pump is connected to this low pressure flash chamber, and be divided into three strands by after low pressure condensed water boosting remaining after flash distillation, wherein one sends into boiler as boiler feedwater, one inlet nozzle passing into this centrifugal compressor carries out humidification to low pressure flash steam and ensures that outlet is for saturated vapor, another strand is then connected to the port of export of this nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump, carry out humidification desuperheat, unnecessary low-pressure steam after injection is reached capacity state, saturated vapor is pressed in generation.
3. the mechanical heating power compound type steamed vapour pressure compression system based on wastewater utilization according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, this system also comprises low pressure flash chamber heater, and this low pressure flash chamber heater is arranged in this low pressure flash chamber, to provide more latent heat for shwoot.
4. the mechanical heating power compound type steamed vapour pressure compression system based on wastewater utilization according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, high pressure condensed water after HTHP brine waste flash distillation in this hp flash drum is divided into two strands, wherein one passes into unnecessary low-pressure steam that this low-pressure steam reheater exceeds this centrifugal compressor metered flow in order to heating to improve the mass ratio of induced-to-inducing air of steam jet pump, and another strand passes into this low pressure flash chamber heater as heat source low pressure condensed water increases the evaporation rate of this low pressure flash pot liquid.
5. the mechanical heating power compound type steamed vapour pressure compression system based on wastewater utilization according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the high pressure condensed water after this low-pressure steam reheater heat exchange is introduced saline sewage recovery system so that desalination recycling.
6. the mechanical heating power compound type steamed vapour pressure compression system based on wastewater utilization according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the inside of this nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump comprises Rafael nozzle and diffuser pipe, this Rafael nozzle makes steam flow rate improve, Pressure Drop reduces and lower than by the unnecessary low-pressure steam after the heating of injection, thus produce certain suction force, the entrainment mouth of unnecessary low-pressure steam after heating from this nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump is imported, after mixing chamber mixes with main steam, in the boosting of this diffuser pipe generates, saturated vapor is pressed again after unnecessary low-pressure steam after heating is sucked and enters this nozzle-adjustable steam jet pump.
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