CN104695413B - A kind of ship passes in and out ship booster supporting compartment deflection minishing method - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for reducing the sinkage of a ship-bearing compartment of a ship entering and exiting a ship lift. Equivalent inertia connecting pipes are arranged uniformly and symmetrically along the longitudinal direction at the bottom of the ship-bearing compartment to connect the water bodies at both ends of the ship-bearing compartment, and a reversible pump is arranged in the middle of the communicating pipe. When the water level at the stern drops, the control system starts the reversible pump to supply water to the stern water area according to the water level drop value provided by the water level gauge in the ship’s compartment. value, start the reversible pump to drain water, in the process of replenishing water or draining water, the control system always adjusts the frequency converter to control the flow of the reversible pump according to the change of water level, and always ensures that the water surface of the ship's tank tends to the normal water level, thereby significantly reducing the sinking of the ship and ensuring that the ship It is safe to enter and exit the ship-bearing compartment, and it also helps to eliminate adverse effects such as long-wave fluctuations and eccentric loads, and improves the operating efficiency of the ship lift.

Description

A method for reducing the subsidence of a ship's bearing compartment of a ship entering and leaving a ship lift

technical field

The invention relates to a method, in particular to a method for reducing the sinkage of a ship's bearing compartment of a ship entering and leaving a ship lift, belonging to the field of ship navigation.

Background technique

The navigable structures of the water conservancy project mainly adopt two forms: ship lock and ship lift. The ship lift has outstanding features such as adapting to high water head, fast dam crossing speed, and low water consumption. It is a navigable structure with relatively mature technology and certain advantages. The ship-bearing compartment is the main body of the ship lift, and the compartment is filled with water for floating transportation by the ship. The procedure for the ship lift to pass the ship is: the ship-holding box is docked with the downstream approach channel, the downstream ship enters the ship-holding box, the ship-holding box carries the ship up together, and after docking with the upstream approach channel, the ship drives out of the ship-holding box and enters the upstream channel; Then, the upstream ship enters the ship-holding box, and the ship-holding box carries the ship down together. After docking with the downstream approach channel, the ship drives out of the ship-holding box and enters the downstream channel, thus completing a whole process of operation. During this process, the ship needs to drive in and out of the ship-holding compartment, and the scale of the ship-holding compartment is slightly larger than that of the ship, which belongs to a very typical restricted channel. If the blocking ratio is high, the ship will sink obviously. The sinking of a ship is mainly related to factors such as the cross-sectional area of the ship-bearing compartment, the area of the part below the water surface in the midship section of the ship, and the speed of the ship, and there is a big difference between entering and exiting the compartment. When the ship is out of the box, the water body in the ship-holding box is pushed out. Due to the relatively large blockage, the flow area between the ship and the inner surface of the ship-holding box is small. Therefore, the main reason for the large sinking is that the water body behind the ship is difficult to be replenished quickly; when the ship enters the compartment, the bow pushes the water into the compartment, causing the water body in the compartment to increase continuously, also due to the The flow section is small, it is difficult to discharge quickly, which causes the water surface in the compartment to be high, the bow rises, the stern descends, and the sinking amount increases. Therefore, the sinking amount increases because the water body is difficult to discharge quickly. Excessive sinking of the ship may cause the ship to run aground, so the sinking is an important parameter that directly affects the safety of the ship's navigation.

At present, in order to ensure the safety of ships entering and leaving the ship's compartment, the method of strictly controlling the ship's navigation speed is generally adopted, because the sinking amount is proportional to the square of the ship's speed, and the sinking amount can be controlled within a safe range by controlling the ship's speed. Relevant research results have shown that the sinking of the ship when leaving the compartment is greater than that of entering the compartment, so the ship exiting the compartment is a controlled working condition. For example, when the ship is exiting the compartment with a ship lift at the water port at a speed of 0.5m/s, the sinking amount reaches 18cm, Wujiang Goupitan No. 1 and No. 2 ship lifts have maximum sinkages of 19.4cm and 22.7cm respectively when the ship’s speed is 0.7m/s. However, in the actual operation of the ship lift, the ship often does not travel according to the required speed. The speed of entering the car will not be very fast because it has to slow down until it stops, but the ship will often speed up when leaving the car, and it is relatively unfavorable In working conditions, ships often have a greater risk of bottoming out.

Obviously, simply taking operational management measures to control the sinking of the ship will be affected by human factors and cannot guarantee the absolute safety of the ship. Aiming at this problem, the present invention proposes a method for reducing the sinking amount of the ship entering and leaving the ship-holding box from a technical point of view, so as to ensure the safety of the ship entering and leaving the ship-holding box of the ship lift.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method capable of reducing the sinking amount of the ship entering and leaving the ship-holding room of the ship lift, so as to improve the safety of the ship entering and leaving the ship-holding room.

The technical scheme of the present invention to reduce the sinking of the ship is: at the bottom of the ship-holding box, the equal-inertia connecting pipes are arranged symmetrically along the longitudinal direction to connect the water bodies at both ends of the ship-holding box. A reversible pump is arranged to drain the water body at the closed end of the ship to the approach channel during the process of the ship entering the ship, and fill the water body of the approach channel into the closed end of the ship when the ship leaves the ship, reducing the front and rear of the ship. The difference in water level reduces the sinking of the ship.

When the ship enters the compartment, the reversible pump runs forward to discharge the high water body in the compartment to the approach channel; when the ship leaves the compartment, the reversible pump operates in reverse to replenish the water body of the approach channel outside the ship into the water area behind the ship. Therefore, in the process of entering and leaving the ship's compartment, it can always be ensured that the front and rear water levels of the ship are basically consistent.

The connecting pipe is composed of a main pipe and branch pipes at both ends, and connects the water areas at both ends of the ship-holding box. The main pipe is longitudinally arranged in the middle of the bottom of the ship-holding box. Both ends adopt a plurality of branch pipes that are evenly distributed symmetrically and are connected to the ship's bearing compartment to realize equal inertia water delivery and ensure that the flow rate of each branch pipe is the same.

The reversible pump is arranged in the middle of the connecting pipe to avoid eccentric load. The reversible pump is automatically controlled by the monitoring system. After the ship-holding box is docked with the approach channel, the reversible pump is energized, and the water level in the ship-holding box is monitored by the water level gauges arranged at the four corners. Before the ship starts, the water level at both ends of the ship-holding box is the same as a certain value. When the ship enters the tank, the water level gauge detects that the water level at the closed end of the tank has risen, and the monitoring system commands the reversible pump to run forward to discharge the high water body at the closed end of the tank to the approach channel; when the ship leaves the tank, the water level gauge When the water level at the closed end of the ship-holding box is detected to drop, the monitoring system commands the reversible pump to run in reverse to replenish the water in the approach channel into the closed end of the ship-holding box. During the operation of the ship, the water level is monitored in real time and fed back to the control system. The control system automatically adjusts the running speed of the reversible pump by adjusting the frequency converter in front of the reversible pump, so that the water level at the closed end of the ship's tank always tends to the normal water level.

The capacity of the reversible pump and the diameter of the connecting pipe are determined according to the size of the ship’s compartment and the maximum ship speed. The rated flow rate of the reversible pump should not be less than a quarter of the product of the cross-sectional area of the water body in the ship’s compartment and the maximum ship’s speed during the process of entering and leaving the compartment. One, the diameter of the connecting pipe and the number of branch pipes must ensure that the outlet velocity does not exceed 1m/s.

The invention can not only significantly reduce the sinking of the ship, but also weaken the long-period fluctuation of the water surface caused by the ship entering and leaving the ship-holding box, help the water surface in the ship-holding box to be fast and stable, improve the operation efficiency, and avoid the damage caused by the ship-holding box The unbalanced load generated by the uneven distribution of the inner water body affects the ship lift.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a top view of the ship-bearing compartment of the ship lift;

Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the ship-bearing compartment of the ship lift;

Fig. 3 is a vertical side view of the ship-holding compartment of the ship lift;

Fig. 4 is a lateral view of the ship-bearing compartment of the ship lift;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the ship leaving the ship's compartment;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a ship entering the ship's compartment.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

A certain depth of water body 2 and a ship 3 are carried in the ship-holding compartment 1 of the ship lift. Water level gauges 4 are arranged on the four corners of the ship-holding compartment 1 to monitor the change of the water level in the compartment. The water areas at both ends of the ship-bearing compartment 1 allow the water bodies at both ends to communicate with each other. The connecting pipe is composed of a main pipe 5 and branch pipes 6 at both ends, which are arranged symmetrically and evenly. A reversible pump 7 is arranged in the middle of the main pipe 5. The water level gauge 4 provides real-time monitoring The data is sent to the control system 8, and the control system 8 commands the reversible pump 7 to run forward or reverse according to the change of the water level, and adjusts the frequency converter 9 to control the rotation speed of the reversible pump 7, and controls the flow so that the water level of the ship's tank always tends to the normal water level.

The rated flow rate of the reversible pump 7 is determined according to the cross-sectional size of the water body in the tank and the maximum ship speed. If the water body in the tank is 12m wide, 2.5m deep, and the maximum ship speed is 0.7m/s, the rated capacity of the reversible pump should not be less than their product Half, that is, 12m×2.5m×0.7m/s×0.25=5.25m ³ /s. If the flow velocity at the outlet of the connecting pipe is not greater than 1m/s, four circular pipes with a radius of 0.65m shall be used for the connecting branch pipe.

Normally, after the vessel 1 is docked with the approach channel 10, the ship 3 sails out of the vessel 1, because the water body is pushed out by the vessel 3, the water level behind the vessel drops and cannot be replenished in time, resulting in a significant increase in the amount of stern sinking. If the speed of the ship 3 exceeds the limit, there is a risk of rubbing the bottom; when the ship 3 enters the ship's compartment 1, the bow squeezes the water, causing the water level in the ship's compartment to rise, and the high water body cannot be discharged in time. As the bow rises and the stern descends, the amount of sinking will also increase significantly.

Adopting the method for reducing the sinking amount of the ship of the present invention, after the ship receiving compartment 1 is docked with the approach channel 10, the reversible pump 7 is energized, and during the process of the ship 3 driving out of the ship receiving compartment 1, the water level behind the ship drops, and the water level gauge 4 directions The control system 8 provides real-time monitored water level data. The control system 8 starts the reversible pump 7 according to the water level reduction value, and replenishes the water body in the approach channel 10 to the water area behind the ship through the connecting pipe. The control system 8 adjusts the frequency converter 9 according to the real-time water level change. Control the rotating speed of the reversible pump 7 and then control the replenishment water flow, so that the water level tends to the normal water level. When the ship 3 enters the ship-holding compartment 1, the bow water level rises, and the water level gauge 4 provides real-time monitoring water level data to the control system 7, and the control system 7 starts the reversible pump 7 according to the water level value, and the ship-holding compartment is moved through the connecting pipe. The inner Yonggao water body is discharged into the approach channel 10, and the control system 8 adjusts the frequency conversion 9 to control the speed of the reversible pump 6 according to the real-time water level change, and then controls the drainage flow, so that the water level tends to the normal water level.

It ensures that the water level is stable in the process of the ship entering and leaving the ship's chamber, and the sinking of the ship can be greatly reduced. If the present invention is applied to a 500t ship lift, the comparison of the sinking of the ship before and after the application is listed in the table below. In the same 0.5m/ Under the condition of s speed, after adopting the present invention, the sinking amount of the ship in the process of entering and leaving the ship-holding compartment is reduced by more than 70%, and the effect is very remarkable.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of ship turnover ship booster supporting compartment deflection minishing method it is characterised in that：In ship reception chamber bottom along longitudinally all Even be arranged symmetrically etc. connects ship reception chamber two ends water body at inertia communicating pipe, and communicating pipe is made up of a supervisor and two ends bifurcated pipe, connection High for ship reception chamber blind end harmony water body is arranged to approach channel, in ship during ship enters ship reception chamber by pipe intermediate arrangement reversible pump During going out ship reception chamber, approach channel water body being filled into ship reception chamber blind end, reducing water-head before and after ship, thus reducing under ship Heavy amount.

2. a kind of ship turnover ship booster supporting compartment deflection minishing method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Institute The communicating pipe stated is made up of a supervisor and two ends bifurcated pipe, the two ends waters of connection ship reception chamber, and supervisor is longitudinally arranged in ship reception chamber In the middle of bottom, it is connected with ship reception chamber using many symmetrical uniform bifurcated pipes at supervisor two ends, the inertia water delivery such as realization.

3. a kind of ship turnover ship booster supporting compartment deflection minishing method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Institute The reversible pump stated was arranged in the middle of communicating pipe, was automatically controlled by monitoring system, and after ship reception chamber is docked with approach channel, reversible pump leads to Electricity, in ship reception chamber, water level is monitored by being arranged in the water-level gauge of corner, and when ship enters railway carriage or compartment, water-level gauge monitors that ship reception chamber is closed End water level raises, and monitoring system order reversible pump is positive to be run, and high for ship reception chamber blind end harmony water body is arranged to approach channel, works as ship When going out railway carriage or compartment, water-level gauge monitors ship reception chamber blind end water level decreasing, and monitoring system order reversible pump inverted running, by approach channel water Body fills into ship reception chamber blind end, and during vessel motion, real-time monitoring water level simultaneously feeds back to control system, and control system is passed through Adjust the converter before reversible pump, automatically adjust reversible pump running speed, make ship reception chamber blind end water level tend to normal water all the time Position.

4. a kind of ship turnover ship booster supporting compartment deflection minishing method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Institute The capacity of the reversible pump stated and Diameter of connecting pipe determine, reversible pump metered flow should not according to the yardstick of ship reception chamber and maximum ship's speed Less than a quarter of the product of maximum ship's speed during water body cross sectional area in ship reception chamber and ship turnover railway carriage or compartment, communicating pipe Caliber and bifurcated pipe number will can guarantee that exit velocity is less than 1m/s.