CN104684532B - 聚合物颗粒的水分散体,包含该水分散体的成膜组合物及其用途 - Google Patents
聚合物颗粒的水分散体,包含该水分散体的成膜组合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104684532B CN104684532B CN201380042121.6A CN201380042121A CN104684532B CN 104684532 B CN104684532 B CN 104684532B CN 201380042121 A CN201380042121 A CN 201380042121A CN 104684532 B CN104684532 B CN 104684532B
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Abstract
本发明涉及多相聚合物颗粒的水分散体,其中聚合物颗粒包含至少两个不同的相,内相通过在交联剂存在下的聚合形成,所述分散体还包含选自氨基酸衍生物的表面活性剂。本发明还涉及包含所述聚合物颗粒的水分散体的成膜组合物。本发明还涉及施用所述成膜组合物后得到的膜。所述膜干燥非常快,防水,以及具有良好的粘附性,弹性和断裂强度性能。本发明还涉及所述膜用于保护皮肤表面或黏膜表面、创伤、损伤和/或皮肤病症的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及多相聚合物颗粒的水分散体,以及其在成膜组合物中的用途,例如,所述组合物可应用于皮肤、黏膜、创伤、病变和/或皮肤病症。本发明的另一个主题涉及所述分散体形成可用于皮肤上的生理可接受的膜的用途。
背景技术
含有乳胶类成膜组合物的生理可接受的制剂(聚合物的水分散体)是本领域技术人员众所周知的。
在专利申请US 2010/0021409中,Procter&Gamble描述了,比如一种旨在用于剃须泡沫的组合物。所述组合物包含一种或多种通过表面活性剂分散于水相中而得到的成膜材料。这些成膜材料可以是聚合物,如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或羟乙基纤维素,或共聚物,如苯乙烯丙烯酸酯或丁苯胶乳。记载了几种表面活性剂,如,特别是,肌氨酸衍生物,以及更具体地N-肉豆蔻酰肌氨酸钠。根据该文献的组合物为剃须泡沫以及特别地不可能形成可隔离膜,所述膜是弹性的、防水,具有良好的断裂强度并对表面,如皮肤提供持久的保护。
乳胶可特别用于形成隔离膜。比如,在专利US 5173291中,3M提出一种乳胶型的组合物,该组合物包含共聚物的水分散体,所述共聚物包含:
-一种“软性”单体,其相应的均聚物具有小于-15℃的Tg,如丙烯酸丁酯,
-一种“硬性”单体,其相应的均聚物具有-5℃的Tg,如甲基丙烯酸甲酯,和
-一种能够络合碘的单体,如N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮;
所述组合物也包含具有抗菌性能以及使水分散体稳定的碘以及也包含一种有助于水相中分散乳胶颗粒的表面活性剂。
这类成膜组合物用于在皮肤上形成一种保护膜,如,特别是敷料。
然而,由这些组合物形成的膜表现出有限的力学性能,尤其是其弹性以及断裂强度。
因此还需要能够容易并快速形成隔离膜的新型成膜组合物,所述膜抗断裂,具有粘附性,具有良好的弹性以及防水。
发明内容
本申请人惊奇地发现可以由多相聚合物颗粒的水分散体制备一种可以快干,具有良好的粘附性以及弹性并且防水抗断裂的膜,其中所述聚合物颗粒包含至少两个具有不同Tg值的相,内相是在交联剂存在下聚合形成的,所述分散体包含一种选自氨基酸衍生物的表面活性剂。由这类分散体形成的膜包含至少两个不同的Tg值。
因此,根据本发明的第一个方面,本发明的一个主题是多相聚合物颗粒的水分散体,其中聚合物颗粒包含至少两个不同的相:
-第一相,由一种玻璃态转化温度(Tg1)小于20℃的软性聚合物P1形成,
-第二相,由一种玻璃态转化温度(Tg2)大于60℃的硬性聚合物P2形成,
所述分散体包含一种选自氨基酸衍生物的表面活性剂,以及其中聚合物P1是在交联剂存在下聚合形成的。
根据本发明的第二方面,本发明的另一个主题是包含存在于生理上可接受的介质中的多相聚合物颗粒的水分散体的成膜组合物。
根据第三方面,本发明还涉及一种具有至少两个不同Tg值的膜,所述膜包含多相聚合物颗粒和表面活性剂,其中多相聚合体颗粒包含至少两个不同的相:
-第一相,由一种玻璃态转化温度(Tg1)小于20℃的软性聚合物P1形成,
-第二相,由一种玻璃态转化温度(Tg2)大于60℃的硬性聚合物P2形成,
所述表面活性剂选自氨基酸衍生物,以及其中聚合物P1是在交联剂存在下聚合形成的。
最后,根据第四方面,本发明的主题是所述膜用于保护皮肤、黏膜、创伤、病变和/或皮肤病症的用途。
水分散体
本发明的一个主题是多相聚合物颗粒的水分散体。
在本专利申请中,水分散体应理解为是指固体颗粒在至少含水的液相中的悬浮液。
水相也包含至少一种选自氨基酸衍生物的表面活性剂,以及任选地一种氧化/还原体系和/或一种pH调节剂和/或一种或多种药剂或化妆品制剂和/或一种或多种生理上可接受的添加剂。
特别是,基于水分散体的重量,本发明的分散体中水相的含量按重量计为在20%到75%之间,优选在40%到70%之间。
多相聚合物颗粒
在本发明中,多相聚合物颗粒是分散于水相中的固体聚合物颗粒。
在本发明中,聚合物应理解为是指均聚物或共聚物。
所述多相聚合物颗粒包含至少两个相,每个相由具有非常不同性质的聚合物组成,如,尤其是不同相的不同玻璃态转化温度(Tg)。
在本发明中,多相聚合物颗粒的每一个相的玻璃态转化温度(Tg)应理解为是指文献中涉及的均聚物的Tg,或者是由混合物的Fox-Flory规则计算出的共聚物的Tg。因此,不能对多相颗粒直接测量Tg。
当颗粒的相是由共聚物组成时,本领域技术人员能够通过利用特别是混合物的Fox-Flory规则容易计算出该相的Tg。因此,如果多相颗粒的一个相是由共聚物组成的,其中所述共聚物具有质量分数X的玻璃态转化温度为Tg(A)的单体A和质量分数Y的玻璃态转化温度为Tg(B) 的单体B,那么可以由以下方程估算出该共聚物的玻璃态转化温度Tg(AB),温度表示为开氏温度:
根据一个实施方案,由软性聚合物P1形成的第一相可作为颗粒的内相(也称为核心)以及由硬性聚合物P2形成的第二相可作为颗粒的外相(也称为外壳)。
特别是,在本发明中,聚合物颗粒可以是至少两个相,并存在核心/外壳结构。
可通过选择Tg1小于20℃,优选小于5℃,更优选小于0℃的聚合物P1来加强聚合物P1的软性。
同理,可通过选择Tg2大于60℃,优选大于70℃,更优选大于80℃的聚合物P2来加强聚合物P2的硬性。
根据一个具体的实施方案,聚合物P1占颗粒重量的60%到90%,聚合物P2占颗粒重量的10%到40%。
本发明的聚合物颗粒的第一相由一种或多种单体以及至少一种交联剂的聚合而得到。本发明的聚合物颗粒的第二相能够由一种或多种单体以及可选择的至少一种交联剂的聚合而得到。
第一相中交联剂的存在能够通过交联可特别地用于使所述颗粒结构化以及特别是所述颗粒的第一相,从而可以获得能够形成可控和可重复的方式表现出两种玻璃态转化温度的膜。
根据一个具体的实施方案,聚合物P1可以包含按重量计0.5%到10%,优选1%到7%,更优选2%到5%的由优选选自组(II)的交联剂的聚合得到的单元。
根据一个具体的实施方案,聚合物P1可以包含:
-由按重量计90%到99.5%,优选93%到99%,更优选95%到98%的由选自组(I)的至少一个单体的聚合得到的单元;和
-按重量计0.5%到10%,优选1%到7%,更优选2%到5%的由优选选自组(II)的交联剂的聚合得到的单元。
根据另一个具体的实施方案,聚合物P2可以包含按重量计95%到99.5%,优选97%到99%,更优选100%的由选自组(I)的至少一个单体聚合得到的单元。
当聚合物颗粒的第二相已被交联时,聚合物P2可以包含按重量计0.5%到5%,优选1%到3%的由优选选自组(II)的交联剂的交联得到的单元。
在本专利申请中,组(I)的单体可选自(甲基)丙烯酸的(C1-C16)烷基酯,如(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯和(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯;也可选自(甲基)丙烯酸的羟烷基酯、直链或支链羧酸的乙烯基酯,如乙酸乙烯酯和硬脂酸乙烯酯;苯乙烯、烷基苯乙烯,如甲基苯乙烯、卤代烷基苯乙烯,如氯甲基苯乙烯;(甲基)丙烯酰胺;丙烯腈;氯乙烯;(甲基)丙烯酸和他们的衍生物,如酸酐,单体包含酸性或碱性官能基,如衣康酸、富马酸、巴豆酸或马来酸、硅烷化(甲基)丙烯酸酯或乙烯基单体,如甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷或甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三异丙氧基硅烷、包含乙酰乙酸基团的单体,如基(甲基)丙烯酸乙酰乙酰氧基乙酯,以及它们的混合物。
在本专利申请中,组(II)的交联剂可选自以下单体:一元羧酸或二羧酸的烯丙酯或(C1-C16)烷基酯,如丙烯酸烯丙酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、马来酸二烯丙酯或邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯以及马来酸二甲酯、共轭二烯烃,如丁二烯和异戊二烯、多元醇聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯,如乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯或三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,3-或1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯和季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、三丙烯酸三羟甲基丙酯、聚乙烯苯,如二乙烯基苯或者三乙烯基苯,以及聚烯丙基衍生物,如三聚氰酸三烯丙酯,三聚异氰酸三烯丙酯,均苯三甲酸三烯丙酯,以及它们的混合物。
根据一个优选的实施方案,聚合物P1的组(I)中的单体选自丙烯酸丁酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯及其混合物。
根据另一个优选的实施方案,聚合物P1的组(II)中的交联剂选自马来酸二烯丙酯、马来酸二甲酯、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯及其混合物。
根据另一个优选的实施方案,聚合物P2的组(I)中的单体是甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
根据一个优选的实施方案,本发明的水分散体的聚合物P2包含按重量计至少91%,优选至少95%,更优选100%的由疏水性单体聚合得到的单元。事实上,疏水性单体的这种含量可以在形成相应膜的过程中得到硬的、非粘性并防水的膜。相反地,在颗粒的外层包含超过10%的亲水性单体时,这些性质会受到不利影响。
总体来说,单体的疏水性定义为其在水中的不溶性或与水的亲和力的缺失。当聚合物由疏水性单体组成时,认为这种聚合物是疏水性的。在本专利申请中,聚合物的疏水性可用记载在D.W.Van Krevelen的“Properties of Polymers”,1990,第三版,200页中的溶解性参数δ定义。这个参数可以根据对水的亲和力将不同的聚合物分类。根据本发明,如果聚合物的δ小于26,则该聚合物为疏水性的。
根据一个优选的实施方案,本发明的聚合物颗粒的第二相不包含由含有酸性官能团的单体聚合得到的单元。
根据一个具体的实施方案,本发明的聚合物颗粒包含由聚合物P1在第一相和第二相之间形成的中间相。有利地,中间相的聚合物P1的玻璃态转化温度Tgi在20℃和60℃之间。特别地,聚合物P1可以通过交联剂存在下的聚合形成。聚合物P1可以包含按重量计90%到99.5%,优选93%到99%,更优选95%到98%的由选自组(I)的至少一个单体聚合得到的单元。此外,聚合物P1可以包含按重量计0.5%到10%,优选1%到7%,更优选2%到5%的由选自组(II)的至少一个交联剂聚合得到的单元。优选地,聚合物P1的组(I)的单体选自丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯及其混合物。聚合物P1的组(II)的交联剂选自马来酸二烯丙酯、马来酸二甲酯、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯及其混合物。
根据一个具体的实施方案,多相聚合物颗粒基本上为球形并具有15到300纳米,优选30到100纳米的粒径。
特别地,基于本发明的水分散体的重量,多相聚合物颗粒可以按重量计25%到70%,优选25%到70%,更优选30%到70%的含量存 在于水分散体中。
表面活性剂
本发明的多相颗粒的水分散体包含至少一种表面活性剂。特别地,所述表面活性剂可用于稳定多相聚合物颗粒在水相中的悬浮液。
本发明的分散体中所使用的表面活性剂为氨基酸衍生物,例如,特别是肌氨酸衍生物或谷氨酸衍生物。
特别地,由氨基酸衍生的表面活性剂可以选选自:N-月桂酰基谷氨酸钠、椰油酰基谷氨酸二钠、N-椰油酰基谷氨酸钠、N-月桂酰基肌氨酸钠、N-肉豆蔻酰基肌氨酸钠,N-椰油酰基肌胺酸钠、N-油酰基肌氨酸钠、N-月桂酰基肌氨酸钠和它们的混合物。
根据一个优选的实施方案,表面活性剂选自N-月桂酰基肌氨酸钠、N-肉豆蔻酰基肌氨酸钠和N-月桂酰基肌氨酸钠,优选N-月桂酰基肌氨酸钠。
本发明的水分散体中氨基酸衍生的表面活性剂的选择使得可以制备能够形成具有提高的力学性能,尤其是更好的弹性、更好的断裂强度和更好的断裂应变的膜的水性聚合物分散体。
除了提高膜的力学性能,由氨基酸衍生的表面活性剂对环境和人类具有非常低的毒性(这些表面活性剂都是可生物降解的)。因此,这种低毒性是本发明的膜应用于皮肤、创伤和/或黏膜的有利条件。在这些表面活性剂的其他非至关重要的优点中,还值得提及的是其与皮肤pH的兼容性和低刺激电位。
此外,本申请人惊讶地发现可以通过调节表面活性剂的浓度和性质来优化施用成膜组合物后所得膜的性能。事实上,当表面活性剂的浓度过低时,膜会失去弹性并变得易碎。相反地,当表面活性剂的浓度过高时,膜倾向于变得不透明和变白。具体来说,发现当单体与表面活性剂的摩尔比为约30或小于30时,所得膜倾向于变白。当该比例为约190或高于190时,所得膜会具有开裂倾向。
因此,本发明的水分散体中表面活性剂的浓度,基于水分散体干物 质,按重量计优选在0.1%到5%之间,优选在0.4%到5%之间,更优选在0.7%到2%之间。
氧化/还原体系
本发明的分散体的水相可任选包含能够促进聚合引发的氧化/还原体系。
在本发明中,氧化/还原体系可选自任选加有甲醛合次硫酸氢钠的叔丁基过氧化氢/亚硫酸氢钠,任选加有甲醛合次硫酸氢钠的过硫酸钾/亚硫酸氢钠,任选加有甲醛合次硫酸氢钠的过硫酸铵/亚硫酸氢钠、过硫酸钾/甲醛次硫酸钠、和它们的混合物。
优选的氧化/还原体系为过硫酸钾/亚硫酸氢钠和甲醛合次硫酸氢钠。
本发明的水分散体中氧化剂和还原剂的浓度,基于水分散体干物质重量,按重量计为0.01%到5%,优选0.1%到2%。
pH调节剂
本发明的分散体的水相还可包含可以用于调节pH以优化聚合反应的pH调节剂。本发明中所用的pH调节剂是本领域技术人员常使用的那些。这类调节剂记载在以下著作中:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,第76版(8-42页),Bower,V.E.and Bates,R.G.J.Res.Nat.Bur.Stand.,55,197,1955,and Bates R.G.and Bower V.E.,Anal.Chem.,28,1322,1956。
优选地,如Chemistry and Physics,第76版,第8章,8-42页中记载的,pH调节剂可以通过混合不同比例的0.1MKH2PO4(磷酸二氢钾)水溶液和NaOH(氢氧化钠)水溶液得到。
根据一个具体实施方案,对于pH为6.0的调节剂,将50ml的KH2PO4(0.1M)和5.6ml的NaOH(0.1M)在100ml烧杯中混合并用去离子水补充到体积为100ml。对于pH为7.0的调节剂,将50ml的KH2PO4(0.1M)和29.1ml的NaOH(0.1M)在100ml烧杯中混合并用去离子水补充到体积为100ml。对于pH为7.5的调节剂,将50ml的KH2PO4(0.1M)和40.9ml的NaOH(0.1M)在100ml烧杯中混合并用去离子水补充到体积为100ml。
pH调节剂也可用于控制表面活性剂的酸碱形式。实际上,由氨基酸衍生的表面活性剂会根据反应介质的pH存在两种形式:
-当pH大于表面活性剂的pKa时为中性形式,
-当pH小于表面活性剂的pKa时为其中酸性官能团变成羧酸钠的碱性形式。
为了稳定,优选地表面活性剂为碱性形式,这意味着对应于水分散体的pH大于所用表面活性剂的pKa一个单位(pH>pKa+1)。
一般地,本发明中氨基酸衍生的表面活性剂的pKa必须小于最终乳液的pH。特别地,pKa值可以在2到7之间,优选3到5。
在水分散体中pH调节剂的浓度可以在5mmol/l到100mmol/l之间,优选10mmol/l到15mmol/l。所述浓度由每升水分散体中pH调节剂的摩尔数表示。
当表面活性剂在5左右的pH沉淀时,例如可以由50ml的磷酸二氢钾溶液(0.1mol)+x ml的NaOH(0.1mol)制备pH在5.8到8.0的缓冲溶液,其中x是作为期望的pH值的函数列表的值。
药物或化妆品制剂
本发明的水分散体可以除了以上成分外,包含一种或多种药物或化妆品制剂(或活性剂),例如抗细菌剂、杀菌剂、抗病毒药物、抗真菌药剂、止痛剂、消炎药、促进愈合的药剂、保湿剂、脱色剂、角质溶解剂、重构剂、麻醉剂、防晒剂。
特别地,可加入本发明的组合物的活性剂可选自:
-抗细菌剂,例如多粘菌素B、青霉素(阿莫西林)、克拉维酸、四环素、米诺环素、金霉素、氨基糖苷类、丁胺卡那霉素、庆大霉素、新霉素、银及其盐类(磺胺嘧啶银)、或益生菌;
-杀菌剂,例如硫柳汞、曙红、氯己定、硼酸苯汞、过氧化氢水溶液、达金氏液、三氯生、双胍、己脒定、麝香草酚、卢戈尔液、聚维酮碘、汞溴红、苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵、乙醇或异丙醇;
-抗病毒药物,例如阿昔洛韦、泛昔洛韦、利托那韦;
-抗真菌剂,例如多烯、制霉菌素、两性霉素B、纳他霉素、咪唑类药物(咪康唑、酮康唑、克霉唑、益康唑、联苯苄唑、布康唑、芬替康唑、异康唑、奥西康唑、舍他康唑、硫康唑、噻苯达唑、噻康唑)、三唑(氟康唑、伊曲康唑、雷夫康唑、泊沙康唑)、丙烯胺、特比萘芬、阿莫罗芬、萘替芬或布替萘芬;
-氟胞嘧啶(抗代谢物)、灰黄霉素、卡泊芬净和米卡芬净;
-止痛药,例如对乙酰氨基酚、可待因、右丙氧芬、曲马多、吗啡和其衍生物、或类皮质激素及其衍生物;
-消炎药,例如糖皮质激素、非甾体抗炎药、阿司匹林、布洛芬、酮基布洛芬、氟比洛芬、双氯芬酸、醋氯芬酸、酮咯酸、美洛昔康、吡罗昔康、替诺昔康、萘普生、吲哚美辛、非甾体抗炎药naproxcinod、尼美舒利、塞来昔布、依他昔布、帕瑞昔布、罗非昔布、伐地昔布、保泰松、尼氟灭酸或甲芬那酸;
-促进愈合的活性剂,例如视黄醇、维生素A、维生素E、N醋羟脯氨酸、积雪草提取物、木瓜蛋白酶、硅酮、百里香精油、袅利油、迷迭香精油、鼠尾草精油、透明质酸、带有1到4个单糖单元的合成硫酸化寡糖,例如八硫酸化蔗糖的钾盐、八硫酸化蔗糖的银盐、或硫糖铝、或尿囊素;
-保湿剂,例如透明质酸、尿素、甘油、脂肪酸、水通道蛋白调节剂、植物油、壳聚糖、某些糖类包括山梨醇、黄油和蜡;
-脱色剂,例如曲酸(Kojic Acid-Quimasso(Sino Lion)),熊果苷(-Quimasso(Sino Lion)),棕榈酰脯氨酸钠和欧洲水百合提取物的混合物(-Seppic),十一碳烯酰基苯基丙氨酸(undecylenoylphenylalanine)(-Seppic),由曲霉和乙氧基二甘醇发酵得到的甘草提取物(Gatuline-Gattefossé),十八碳烯二酸(ODA-Sederma),α-熊果苷( SACI-CFPA(Pentapharm)),熊果叶的水性提取物(-SACI-CFPA(Pentapharm)),复合植物混合物(SACI-CFPA(Alpaflor)),二乙酰基波尔丁(-Sederma),无籽蜜橘(satsuma)提取物(-Sederma),富含柠檬酸的柠檬提取物和黄瓜提取物的混合物(U-34-Unipex),西酸模(Rumexoccidentalis)提取物和维生素C的混合物(11-Unipex),寡肽(Melanostatin-Unipex),曲酸双棕榈酸酯(KAD-Quimasso(Sino Lion)),来自LCW的天然来源的复合物,小麦胚芽提取物(II-Silab)或乙二胺三乙酸(EDTA);
-角质溶解剂,例如水杨酸,水杨酸锌,抗坏血酸,α-羟基化酸(乙醇酸、乳酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸或酒石酸),银槭,酸樱桃或罗望子提取物,尿素,外用维甲酸(Sederma),用枯草芽孢杆菌发酵得到的蛋白酶,产品Linked(SACI-CFPA),或木瓜蛋白酶(从番木瓜果实产生的蛋白酶);
-重构活性剂(例如用于体表生长的重构活性剂),例如二氧化硅衍生物、维生素E、甘菊、钙、问荆提取物或丝合脂酶(silk lipester);
-麻醉剂,如苯佐卡因、利多卡因、辛可卡因、盐酸普莫卡因、布比卡因、甲哌卡因、丙胺卡因或依替卡因;
-防晒剂,如化学防晒剂(羟苯甲酮、舒利苯酮、二羟苯宗、Tinosorb 阿伏苯宗、2-乙氧基乙基对甲氧基苯乙酯(西诺沙酯)、A+、 XL、甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯或辛肉桂酯(octinoxate)、水杨酸辛酯或辛水杨酯、辛基三嗪酮或T 150、水杨酸甲酯、美拉地酯、恩扎樟烯、MBBT或M、苯腈肉桂酸辛酯或340、对氨基苯甲酸、恩索利唑、SLX或聚硅氧烷-15、或丙二酸亚苄酯聚硅氧烷、MCX或甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己基酯、三乙醇胺水杨酸酯或水杨酸三乙醇胺酯、SX或对苯二亚甲基二莰酮磺酸)和无机防晒剂(氧化锌、二氧化钛或高岭土)。
在制备本发明的水分散体过程中,可以选择将活性剂加入到多相聚合物颗粒的内相或外相中,或者使其游离在溶液中。可以根据该活性剂 的化学性质选择适合加入活性剂的相。也可以根据是否需要释放所述活性剂来需要加入活性剂的相。
因此,例如,为了在多相聚合物颗粒的相之一中混合活性剂,该活性剂可同时与形成该相的聚合物的单体一起加入。
根据一个具体的实施方案,加入到多相聚合物颗粒的内相中的活性剂为防晒剂,比如MCX。该防晒剂是疏水的,并且优选应保留在皮肤表面,即,不被释放,以发挥其遮蔽性质并保护皮肤免受UV-B射线的伤害。MCX可以加入到颗粒的内相中,例如,提供良好的分散并且当在皮肤上涂成膜时使活性剂在皮肤上具有良好的持久性。因此,如果将内相中含有防晒剂的多相聚合物颗粒的分散体涂在皮肤上,就可以得到特别是防水并防晒的膜。由此,可以避免重复涂抹防晒霜的同时给予使用者最好的防晒。事实上,已显示当所述膜用水冲洗时,没有观察到防晒剂的释放。
根据另一个具体的实施方案,活性剂游离于多相聚合物颗粒的水分散体或包含所述分散体的组合物的溶液中。
在活性剂的加入中,比如,特别是旨在保护表面如皮肤的防晒剂,优选的是将所述活性剂加入到聚合物颗粒的相之一中,而不是游离在溶液中。事实上,因此活性剂可以更好地在膜中分散(更均匀的分散体),并且可以更好地粘附在皮肤上,为皮肤提供更好的防太阳光的保护。
生理上可接受的添加剂
本发明的水分散体除了上述成分外,也可包含一种或多种生理上可接受的添加剂,例如香味剂、调味料、染料、颜料、控油剂(matifying agent)、流变剂或防腐剂。
和药物或化妆品活性剂一样,可以添加剂的溶解性能和加入添加剂的聚合阶段,选择是否在多相聚合物颗粒的内相或外相中加入添加剂,或者让添加剂游离在本发明的水分散体的溶液中。
水分散体的制备方法
本发明的水分散体尤其可以通过按照本领域技术人员熟知技术的乳液聚合来得到。在乳液聚合过程中,表面活性剂使得可以形成在其中发生聚合的单体液滴(也被称为胶束)的形成。
在本发明中,在第一阶段可以在交联剂存在下制备具有构成,例如所述颗粒的内相的软性的聚合物P1,优选所述交联剂选自组(II),并随后进行具有构成所述颗粒的外相的硬性的聚合物P2。
当聚合物颗粒包含由聚合物Pi形成的中间相时,可以在第一阶段在交联剂存在下制备构成所述颗粒的内相的聚合物P1,并可以在第二阶段制备构成所述颗粒的中间相的聚合物Pi,以及最后完成构成所述颗粒的外相的硬性的聚合物P2的制备。
在每一个阶段,根据所使用的氧化/还原体系的性质,聚合反应最好在25℃到150℃之间温度下载惰性气氛中进行。
根据一个优选的实施方案,将单体在10分钟到3小时,优选15到90分钟加入水相中制备约100g水分散体,所述单体是纯单体,或者是与一部分水和至少一种表面活性剂预乳化形式。
成膜组合物
本发明的另一个主题是成膜组合物,其包含存在于生理上可接受的介质中的本发明的多相聚合物颗粒的水分散体。
生理上可接受的介质是指可与皮肤、黏膜、创伤、病变和/或皮肤病症相适应的介质。
特别地,生理上可接受的介质可以包含水。
根据一个优选的实施方案,生理上可接受的介质除了水不包含其他溶剂。
根据本发明的组合物除了多相颗粒的水分散体,也包含如上所述的一种或多种药物或化妆品制剂(或活性剂)。
根据本发明的组合物也可以包含一种或多种如上所述的生理上可接受的添加剂。
根据一个优选的实施方案,本发明的成膜组合物仅包含上述的多相 聚合物颗粒的水分散体。
根据另一个优选的实施方案,本发明的成膜组合物,包含:
-80%到99.9%的上述多相聚合物颗粒的水分散体,
-0.1%到20%的一种或多种药物制剂和/或一种或多种添加剂。
根据一个优选的实施方案,本发明的成膜组合物为液体,也就是说在其自身的重量下可以流动。
例如,本发明的成膜组合物可以通过在搅拌下将多种活性剂和添加剂加入到本发明的多相聚合物颗粒的分散体中来制备,或者相反地,通过将本发明的多相聚合物颗粒的分散体加入到包含多种活性剂和添加剂的水性基质中来制备。
如上所述的,活性剂和/或生理上可接受的添加剂可以加入到多相聚合物颗粒的内相或外相中,也可以游离于本发明的组合物的溶液中。
膜
根据本发明的另一个方面,本发明的另一个主题是具有至少两个不同Tg值的膜,所述膜包含多相聚合物颗粒和表面活性剂,所述聚合物颗粒包含至少以下两个不同的相:
-由玻璃态转化温度(Tg1)小于20℃的软性聚合物P1形成的第一相,
-由玻璃态转化温度(Tg2)大于60℃的硬性聚合物P2形成的第二相,
其中所述表面活性剂选自氨基酸衍生物,以及其中聚合物P1是由在交联剂存在下的聚合形成。
所述膜具有两个不同的Tg值,其可以用实验测量并且与构成所述膜的聚合物颗粒的两个相的每一个Tg值具有相同的数量级。然而,在制备所述颗粒的一个相的过程中某些药物制剂的加入可造成加入药物制剂的相的Tg值的改变。在这种情况下,可观察到在膜的实验测量的一个Tg值和没有所述药物制剂下测量的Tg值之间的不同。
在本发明中,所述膜的玻璃态转化温度是指在未预热(或未退火)的情况下,由DMA(动态机械分析,也称为DMTA,动态热机械分析)根据下面描述的方法在1Hz测量的玻璃态转化温度。
动态机械分析(DMA)测量是利用DMA 2980分析仪(TA Instruments),由从所述膜切出的尺寸为10mm×25mm的长方形样本,通过施加0.01N的预应力和在1Hz下操作来对膜的拉伸几何形状进行的。Tg值为当耗散因数(δ)通过最大值时的温度。这些数值是对未预热的膜以3℃/min第一次加热时测量的。
在本发明中未预热膜(或未退火膜)是指未加热超过40℃的膜。
特别地,所述膜可以通过将本发明的成膜组合物直接涂在表面,然后蒸发水分来得到。
因此,特别地,所述组合物可以单层涂到所述表面上。优选地,形成10到300μm的成膜组合物的层。
组合物可以通过本领域技术人员已知的所有方式涂敷,例如喷涂、笔涂、刮涂、以及特别是刷涂。
预料不到的是,本申请者人发现用本发明的水分散体得到的膜显示出特别快的干燥时间,一般少于两分钟。这个性质尤其适合膜的原位形成,比如在皮肤上。
本申请人还发现当减少水分散解体中的水分时可以得到更短的干燥时间。
所述膜还具有良好的防水性。
根据一个优选的实施方案,干燥后得到的膜显示出优异的力学性能,这些性能通过以下描述的方法确定:
通过在特氟隆模具中蒸发一柱高度约为2mm的本发明的成膜组合物,得到厚度约为0.7mm的膜。通过用中空冲头冲压厚度为0.7mm的薄片得到相应于标准ISO 527-3的DIN53504S3A模型(工作长度为12mm,宽度为2mm)的哑铃状样品。通过使用装配有500N力传感器的Instron拉伸试验装置以10mm/min的拉伸速率率进行机械测量。
得到的结果显示本发明的膜具有超过150%的良好断裂应变,并且具有高达5MPa的优异抗断强度。此外,本发明的膜的显示具有约50MPa弹性模量的弹性条件和屈服点为约3MPa的宽的塑性区域。
最后,所述膜对形成于其上的支持物具有良好的粘附力,然而,在 触摸时没有粘性。同时,所述膜还具有良好的耐摩擦性。
薄膜的用途
根据本发明的另一方面,所述膜可以涂在需要保护的表面上。因此,本发明的另一个主题是上述膜用于保护皮肤、黏膜创伤、病变和/或皮肤病症的用途。因此本发明的膜可应用于护肤品和化妆品领域。也可以设想将本发明的所述膜涂抹在皮肤附件上。
本发明的膜还可以应用在任何类型材料的涂层领域,例如皮革、塑料、石膏、板或纸、或者复合材料,如混凝土或木材。
根据一个优选的实施方案,上述的成膜组合物可以涂抹在需要保护的表面上。在约两分钟后,一旦水分完全蒸发,所处理的表面就会覆盖上弹性膜。在下述的非限制性实施例中更为详细地说明本发明。
实施例
以下缩写用于实施例中:
MMA:甲基丙烯酸甲酯
BuA:丙烯酸正丁酯
BDA:二丙烯酸1,4-丁二酯
DAM:马来酸二烯丙酯
SB:亚硫酸氢钠
KPS:过硫酸钾
SFS:甲醛合次硫酸氢钠
APS:过硫酸铵
制剂A:
将0.49g的Na2HPO4置于一个250ml的容器中,并加入软化水以得到150g水溶液。
制剂B:
引发剂SB(亚硫酸氢钠)的按重量计2.8%的水溶液。
制剂C(表面活性剂:N-月桂酰肌氨酸钠):
将54.2g的BuA(423mmol)、23.2g的MMA(232mmol)、0.8g的交联剂BDA(4mmol)以及N-月桂酰肌氨酸钠(Schill+Seilacher GmbH,Perlastan L30)的按重量计为10%的水溶液17g加入一个装配有磁力搅拌器(长度50mm)的平底玻璃容器(内径55mm)中。以600rpm搅拌所得溶解物直至乳化,也就是,搅拌至少5分钟。
制剂D(表面活性剂:十二烷基硫酸钠):
将54.2g的BuA(423mmol)、23.2g的MMA(232mmol)、0.8g的交联剂BDA(4mmol)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS,Aldrich)的按重量计为10%的水溶液17g加入一个装配有磁力搅拌器(长度50mm)的平底玻璃容器(内径55mm)中。以600rpm搅拌所得溶解物直至乳化,也就是,搅拌至少5分钟。
制剂E(防晒剂:MCX):
将54.2g的BuA(423mmol)、23.2g的MMA(232mmol)、0.8g的交联剂BDA(4mmol)、3.96g的甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己基酯(MCX)和N-月桂酰肌氨酸钠(Schill+SeilacherGmbH,Perlastan L30)按重量计为10%的水溶液17g加入一个装备有磁力搅拌器(长度50mm)的平底玻璃容器(内径55mm)中并用铝箔避光。以600rpm搅拌所得溶解物直至乳化,也就是,搅拌至少5分钟。
制剂F:
将1.36g的BuA(10.61mmol)、3.37g的MMA(33.66mmol)、0.3g的交联剂DAM(1.53mmol)和0.49g的制剂B(即0.136mmol的引发剂SB)加入一个装备有磁力搅拌器(长度20mm)的平底玻璃容器(内径30mm)中。以600rpm搅拌所得溶解物直至乳化,也就是,搅拌至少5分钟。
制剂G:
将11.71g的MMA(117mmol)和3.82g的水加入一个装备有磁力搅拌器(长度20mm)的平底玻璃容器(内径30mm)中。以600rpm搅拌所得溶解物直至乳化,也就是,搅拌至少5分钟。
制剂H(防晒剂:MCX):
将11.71g的MMA(117mmol)、3.61g的MCX和3.82g的水加入一个装备有磁力搅拌器(长度20mm)的平底玻璃容器(内径30mm)中并用铝箔避光。以600rpm搅拌所得中间物直至乳化,也就是,搅拌至少5分钟。
实施例1:(比较例)含有来自氨基酸的表面活性剂的单相聚合物颗粒的水分散体的制备
将115g的制剂A(即,2.65mmol的Na2HPO4)加入一个带有锚型玻璃搅拌器并事先用氮气吹扫的内径为100mm的圆底反应瓶中,随后将制剂C在氮气份下加入。
利用可调节高度的外部油浴将反应温度调节为70℃,并在氮气份下以260rpm搅拌混合物。在添加结束的10分钟后,将2.62g的制剂B(即0.73mmol的引发剂)在五分钟的时间内以固定的速率滴入到混合物中。接下来,再搅拌十分钟后,将0.34g KPS(1.25mmol)在7.7g去离子水中的溶液通过蠕动泵在2分钟内加入到混合物中。一个小时后,在继续搅拌下冷却反应混合物。在温度小于35℃时,立即将所得乳液收集在容器中(称为乳液1)。
实施例2:本发明的含有来自氨基酸的表面活性剂的多相聚合物颗粒的水分散体的制备
将150g的乳液1在氮气份下70℃温度置于如上所述的反应器中进行如上搅拌。然后通过蠕动泵在2分钟内添加制剂F。通过蠕动泵在10分钟内添加溶解在0.7g去离子水中的0.015g KPS(0.055mmol)。在70℃保持搅拌60分钟,然后利用蠕动泵在一分钟内添加按重量计为1.74%的SFS(0.25mmol的SFS)的水溶液2.20g,并列地利用两个蠕动泵在15分钟内添加制剂G和按重量计为0.5%的过硫酸铵的水溶液10g(即0.22mmol的APS)。接下来,将反应器的温度保持在70℃下30分钟。然后,通过加入过硫酸铵水溶液0.46g(按重量计为15.61%)和SB水溶液(按重量计为2.8%)0.32g的混合物使余下的反应性物质失活。因此,将反应保持在70℃下30分钟。保持搅拌,但通过降低油浴而停止加热。在温度小于35℃时,立即将乳液收集在容器中(称为乳液2)。
实施例3:(比较例)含有来自十二烷基硫酸钠表面活性剂的多相聚合物颗粒的水分散体的制备
按照实施例1的过程,但使用制剂D代替制剂C。得到乳液3,并按照实施例2的过程转化为乳液4。
实施例4:实施例1到3乳液的比较
颗粒大小的比较
使用装配有ALV/LSE 5004多-τ相关器以及一个波长为632.8nm的He-Ne激光器的ALV/CGS3测角仪通过DLS(动态光散射)进行测量。在直径为10mm的样本上,在60°到120°范围内以及增量为10°的七个散射角进行测量。该系统保持在23℃的温度。每个样本制备如下:通过孔隙为0.22μm的针筒过滤器过滤两次的20ml水置于一个玻璃烧瓶中。用微量移液管将5μl乳液注射到其中。以每个角度值100秒的顺序分析这些样本;通过累积量分析处理得到的数据。
在乳液1中,颗粒为球形,并且通过DLS测量的平均直径约为36-38nm。
乳液2的pH值在6和7之间,并且干物质部分约为40%。分散的聚合物颗粒为球形,并且通过DLS测量的平均直径约为38-42nm。由丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的混合物组成的颗粒的软性相占颗粒总重量的约80%,以及由甲基丙烯酸甲酯组成的颗粒的硬性相占颗粒总重量的约20%。
在乳液4中,颗粒为球形,并且通过DLS测量的平均直径约为47-49nm。
由乳液1(比较例)、乳液2(根据本发明)和乳液4(比较例)得到的 厚膜的力学性能的比较
通过在特氟隆模具中蒸发具有约2mm高度的一列乳液2得到厚度约为0.7mm的膜。利用中空冲头冲压厚度约为0.7mm的薄片来得到相应于标准ISO 527-3的DIN 53504S3A模型(工作长度为12mm,宽度为2mm)的哑铃状样品。
通过使用装配有500N力传感器的Instron拉伸试验装置,以10mm/min的拉伸率进行力学测量并得到以下结果:
利用DMA 2980分析仪(TA Instruments),从同一个膜切出的10mm×25mm的长方形样本,通过施加0.01N的预张力和在1Hz操作来对膜的拉伸几何形状进行动态机械分析(DMA)测量。Tg值为当耗散因数(δ)通过最大值时的温度。对未预热的膜第一次以3℃/min加热来测量这些值。
用乳液1得到的膜具有以下几个特征:
-断裂应力:0.25MPa
-Tg1=-5℃
用乳液2得到的膜具有以下几个特征:
-拉伸弹性模量:48MPa
-屈服点:2.6MPa
-断裂应力:3.7MPa
-标称断裂应变:250%
-通过video extensiometry的应变测量显示断裂应变大于150%
-Tg1=-3℃,Tg2=70℃
用乳液4得到的膜具有以下几个特征:
-断裂应力:0.85MPa
对于用乳液1得到的膜进行的力学测量显示与本发明的乳液2得到的膜相比,该膜在较小的应力,约0.25MPa下断裂。此外,对于乳液1得到的膜,观察到甚至低的施加应力下的塑性应变。
这个实施例显示由单相颗粒(乳液1)得到的膜与本发明的多相颗粒(乳液2)得到的膜,具有相对差的力学性能。
对于用乳液4得到的膜进行的力学测量显示与本发明的乳液2得到的膜相比,该膜在较小应力,约0.85MPa下断裂。此外,对于乳液4得到的膜,观察到在低应力下的塑性应变。
这个实施例还显示由多相颗粒得到的膜在氨基酸衍生物,例如N-月桂酰肌氨酸钠代替SDS用作表面活性剂时具有优越的力学性能。
实施例5:在聚合后(游离在溶液中)加入活性剂
将8g的乳液2(实施例2)样品以14000rpm(r=0.08m),即径向加速为17500g,在40℃下离心1小时。保留颗粒并去除上清液以及用16.11ml的乙醇和9.7μl在乙醇中的0.07M的MCX(甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己基酯)溶液(即,首浓度为43.3μmol/L)代替。在避光静置24小时后,在相同条件下再次将乳液离心。通过紫外分光法分析上清液得到在308nm吸光度为0.325。在同样的波长下,2.78μmol/L的标准液和乙醇中的4.48μmol/LMCX溶液的吸光度分别为0.317和0.345。
实施例6:聚合物颗粒内相中添加活性剂
按照实施例1的过程,除了用制剂E代替制剂C并且反应器和烧瓶用铝箔避光。
得到的乳液随后按照实施例2的过程并同时用铝箔使反应器和烧瓶避光而转化。
用光散射(DLS)测量的所得乳液颗粒的最终大小为约36-38nm。
实施例7:聚合物颗粒外相中添加活性剂
按照实施例2的过程,除了用制剂H替代制剂G并且反应器和烧瓶用铝箔避光。
用光散射(DLS)测量的颗粒的最终大小为约40-44nm。
在与实施例4相同的条件下但不避光下,由该乳液形成膜。
用与实施例4中一样的方法测量的Tg值为:
Tg1=-8℃,Tg2=55℃
与实施例4中一样的方法测量的力学性能结果如下:
拉伸弹性模量:10MPa
屈服点:1MPa
断裂应力:2.1MPa
标称断裂应变:250%
实施例8:由实施例2和7乳液形成的膜的透光率的比较测量
利用Jasco V-530分光仪测量实施例7中膜在可见光区530nm以及UVB区308nm的透光率,膜尽可能靠近探测器放置。对于由实施例2形成的没有防晒剂的对照膜进行同样的测量。
得到以下结果:
薄膜 | 308nm透光率 | 530nm透光率 |
根据实施例2 | 49% | 77% |
根据实施例7 | 0.07% | 80% |
实施例9:根据本发明的成膜组成物的应用
将实施例2的成膜组成物用刷子在3cm2的干净和干燥的皮肤表面上涂抹150μm的一层。
两分钟后,水分完全蒸发,皮肤被膜包覆,所述膜是弹性的,黏附在皮肤上几个小时,不发粘,防水,尤其是在几次洗手动作后。
Claims (20)
1.一种多相聚合物颗粒的水分散体,其中聚合物颗粒包含至少两个不同的相:
-内相,由一种玻璃态转化温度(Tg1)小于20℃的软性聚合物P1形成,
-外相,由一种玻璃态转化温度(Tg2)大于60℃的硬性聚合物P2形成,所述分散体包含选自氨基酸衍生物的表面活性剂,其中聚合物P1是由交联剂存在下的聚合形成,其中聚合物P2包含按重量计至少95%的由疏水性单体聚合得到的单元。
2.如权利要求1所述的水分散体,其特征在于多相聚合物颗粒基本上为球形以及其直径为15到300纳米。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的水分散体,其特征在于聚合物P1占颗粒重量的60%到90%,聚合物P2占颗粒重量的10%到40%。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的水分散体,其特征在于聚合物P1包含:
-按重量计90%到99.5%的由选自组(I)的至少一种单体的聚合得到的单元,所述组(I)包括(甲基)丙烯酸的C1-C16烷基酯,甲基丙烯酸的羟烷基酯,直链或支链羧酸的乙烯基酯,苯乙烯,烷基苯乙烯,卤代烷基苯乙烯,(甲基)丙烯酰胺,丙烯腈,氯乙烯,(甲基)丙烯酸和他们的衍生物,含酸性或碱性官能团的单体,硅烷化(甲基)丙烯酸或乙烯基单体,包含乙酰乙酸基团的单体,以及它们的混合物,以及
-按重量计0.5%到10%的由交联剂聚合得到的单元。
5.如权利要求4所述的水分散体,其特征在于交联剂选自组(II),其包含:一元羧酸或二羧酸的烯丙基酯或C1-C16烷基酯,共轭二烯烃,聚(甲基)丙烯酸多元醇酯,聚乙烯苯,以及聚烯丙基衍生物,以及它们的混合物。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的水分散体,其特征在于聚合物P2包含按重量计95%到99.5%的由选自权利要求4所定义的组(I)的至少一个单体聚合的单元。
7.如权利要求4所述的水分散体,其特征在于聚合物P1的组(I)中的单体选自丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯及其混合物。
8.如权利要求5所述的水分散体,其特征在于聚合物P1的组(II)中的交联剂选自马来酸二烯丙酯、马来酸二甲酯、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯及其混合物。
9.如权利要求6所述的水分散体,其特征在于聚合物P2的组(I)中的单体是甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的水分散体,其特征在于聚合物P2包含按重量计100%的由疏水性单体聚合得到的单元。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的水分散体,其特征在于氨基酸衍生的表面活性剂选自肌氨酸衍生物和谷氨酸衍生物。
12.如权利要求11所述的水分散体,其特征在于氨基酸衍生的表面活性剂选自:N-月桂酰谷氨酸钠、N-椰油酰谷氨酸二钠、N-椰油酰谷氨酸钠、N-月桂酰肌氨酸钠、N-肉豆蔻酰肌氨酸钠、N-椰油酰基肌氨酸钠、N-油酰肌胺酸钠和N-月桂酰肌氨酸钠及其混合物。
13.如权利要求1或2所述的水分散体,其特征在于基于水分散体干物质的重量,表面活性剂的浓度按重量计为0.1%到5%。
14.如权利要求1或2所述的水分散体,其特征在于水分散体的pH值大于所使用的表面活性剂的pKa一个单位。
15.如权利要求1或2所述的水分散体,其特征在于其包含选自抗细菌剂、杀菌剂、抗病毒剂、抗真菌剂、止痛剂、消炎药、促进愈合的药剂、保湿剂、脱色剂、角质溶解剂、重构剂、麻醉剂、防晒剂的活性剂。
16.如权利要求15所述的水分散体,其特征在于活性剂被加入到多相聚合物颗粒的内相或外相中。
17.成膜组合物,其特征在于包含生理上可接受的介质,和权利要求1到16任一项所述的多相聚合物颗粒的水分散体。
18.如权利要求17所述的成膜组合物,其特征在于包含选自抗菌药物、杀菌剂、抗病毒剂、抗真菌剂、止痛剂、消炎药、促进愈合药剂、保湿剂、脱色剂、角质溶解剂、重构剂、麻醉剂、防晒剂的药剂。
19.一种膜,其特征在于具有至少两个不同Tg值,所述膜包含多相聚合体颗粒和表面活性剂,其中多相聚合体颗粒包含至少以下两个不同的相:
-内相,由一种玻璃态转化温度(Tg1)小于20℃的软性聚合物P1形成,
-外相,由一种玻璃态转化温度(Tg2)大于60℃的硬性聚合物P2形成,
其中所述表面活性剂选自氨基酸衍生物,以及其中聚合物P1是在交联剂存在下聚合形成的,其中聚合物P2包含按重量计至少95%的由疏水性单体聚合得到的单元。
20.如权利要求19所述的膜在制备用于保护皮肤表面、黏膜创伤、病变和/或皮肤病症的膜中的用途。
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PCT/FR2013/051325 WO2013182828A1 (fr) | 2012-06-08 | 2013-06-07 | Dispersion aqueuse de particules de polymeres, composition filmogene la contenant et ses utilisations |
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2012
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2013
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- 2013-06-07 US US14/405,897 patent/US9642790B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-06-07 CA CA2875604A patent/CA2875604A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2013-06-07 JP JP2015515575A patent/JP6294313B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-06-07 EP EP13731398.7A patent/EP2861201A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2015
- 2015-04-30 HK HK15104190.3A patent/HK1203415A1/zh unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2013182828A1 (fr) | 2013-12-12 |
US9642790B2 (en) | 2017-05-09 |
BR112014030566A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
CN104684532A (zh) | 2015-06-03 |
HK1203415A1 (zh) | 2015-10-30 |
FR2991684B1 (fr) | 2015-05-22 |
CA2875604A1 (fr) | 2013-12-12 |
JP2015519376A (ja) | 2015-07-09 |
JP6294313B2 (ja) | 2018-03-14 |
US20150174042A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
EP2861201A1 (fr) | 2015-04-22 |
FR2991684A1 (fr) | 2013-12-13 |
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