CN1046586A - 内燃机废气催化氧化和还原转化器 - Google Patents
内燃机废气催化氧化和还原转化器 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract
一种用于内燃机废气的催化氧化和还原转化器，其目的是使未烧尽的烃和一氧化碳完全燃烧并使氮的氧化物还原成元素氮和氧。所述的转化器用选自Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sn、Ba、La和Ce的金属的对环境没有影响的氧化物作催化剂。
Description
本发明涉及一种应用于内燃机废气回路的催化转化器，其目的是在排放废气到外界环境中之前消除废气中的不完全燃烧产物，以减少其环境的影响。
用于消除内燃机废气中所含的污染气体的催化装置是众所周知的。
这种污染气体基本上是由未烧尽的烃、裂化的烃、一氧化碳和氮的氧化物组成的。
这个问题是用所谓触媒净化式消声器来解决的，这种消声器使用了贵金属基（例如铂基和铑基）催化剂，使烃和一氧化碳完全烧尽並使氮的氧化物分解。
但这种解决办法也有各种缺点，例如铂和铑价格昂贵，而且铂基和铑基催化剂汽油中所含的铅和硫接触后非常容易中毒。因此需要使用无铅并含MTBE（甲基叔丁基醚）抗爆剂的汽油。但这样由于会排放出环烃而又带来新的问题。
现在我们发现了一种能克服已知技术的缺点的内燃机废气催化氧化和还原转化器。特别是我们的催化转化器能消除用加铅汽油、无铅汽油和醇作燃料的发动机的污染气体。
这种转化器的特点是所用的催化剂是选自Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sn、Ba、La和Ce的金属的单一氧化物或氧化物混合物。
这种转化器可装于消音器出口或发动机歧管出口处。在第一种情况下，用电阻加热无件加热使转化器达到反应温度。在第二种情况下，废气的热量迅速而自动地使催化剂达到所需要的诱发温度。该氧化和还原反应是放热的，因而能使催化剂床内保持能保证催化反应继续进行的温度。
下面将通过详细的描述进一步说明本发明的内燃机废气催化转化器的特点和优点。
该催化转化器是由用于内燃气废气出口回路的、装有催化剂的金属室组成的，其目的是在排放废气到外界环境中之前除去其中的污染物。
所述的废气除气体燃烧产物外还含有裂化了的和未烧尽的烃、一氧化碳和氮的氧化物，使用的转化器的目的是使烃和一氧化碳燃烧完全并将氮的氧化物还原成元素氮和氧。本发明的转化器不仅适用于用加铅汽油作燃料的发动机，而且也适用于无铅汽油或醇作燃料的发动机，在后一种情况下它消除了由相对燃烧所产生的大量芳烃。
该转化器可装于消音器的出口处或发动机歧管的出口处。在第一种情况下，通过铠装电阻加热元件使催化剂保持反应所需的温度;在第二种情况下，由于催化剂的位置就在发动机排出的废气的出口处，因而不需要加热装置。
催化剂是由选自Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sn、Ba、La和Ce的金属的氧化物组成的。这些氧化物可以是纯氧化物或是带载体的，可以是单一氧化物、混合氧化物或氧化物混合物。
催化剂可以呈丸状、片状、珠状或环状，直径为1～20毫米，或是合适形状的具沟的整体。
这种催化剂，或是纯的或是带载体的，或是单一的或是混合的混合物，都可分散在一陶瓷整体或金属载体上。
上述尺寸能保证催化剂床中的气体压降较小。
该催化剂的比表面为1～200米2/克。
这些催化剂的活性是很高的，能适应很高的比气体进料流率（一般为2，000～10，000体积催化剂·小时）
使用本发明的催化剂时，能引起内燃机污染物废气与空气进行反应的温度为200～400℃。
我们发现在上述各种催化剂体系（还可加有不同百分数的Pt和Pa）中，在内燃机废气的氧化和还原中具有特别好的活性的催化剂体系是由Cu氧化物、Cr+++氧化物和Ba氧化物形成的催化剂体系，特别是其中Cu与Cr的重量比为1∶2～2∶1的催化剂体系。
这些催化剂的制备方法是通过盐的分解制成压出半成品，并在放入催化转化器之前在空气中在800～1000℃下煅烧20～50分钟，以使其性能稳定而不受操作温度的影响。
本发明的转化器是由一具有足够容积的钢筒组成的，插入发动机汽缸的排气歧管的下游並与标准排气管连接。
该转化器上可有一开口，以供观察、添加同样的催化剂和根据需要更换该催化剂。
该转化器还可装有温度传感器以监控催化剂效率。
在转化器的上游和下游放有具有合适的孔径的镍-铬金属丝网以支承并盛装催化剂物料。
在正常操作情况下，催化剂床的温度分布为350～850℃。在该温度下能使用通常的结构材料。
此外，催化剂的性质使氧化状态根据温度分布而变化，保证使氮的氧化物还原或元素氮。
将本发明含有Cu、Cr和Ba的氧化物混合物催化剂的转化器装在用加铅汽油作燃料的发动机的消音器出口处，并使催化剂温度保持在300℃左右，那么从转化器出来的气体中未烧尽的烃的含量为30ppm左右，Co含量少于ppm，氮的氧化物的含量为2ppm左右。
如果将本发明的含有Cu、Cr和Ba的氧化物混合物催化剂的转化器直接装在用加铅汽油作燃料的内燃机歧管的下游处，所得结果相同。
在一应用试验中，将本发明的转化器分别装到1983年生产的FLATRlgata70S汽车和1986年生产的FLAT Croma CHT汽车上，这些汽车均装有Webev吸入汽化器，并用高级加铅汽油作燃料。
催化剂具有如下特性：
-化学组成（用重量百分数表示）：Cu26%，Cr21% BaO＝11%。
-比表面：65米2/克;
-表观密度：1.5克/厘米3;
-总孔隙容积：0.45厘米3/克，
-平均孔隙半径：70埃;
-团粒大小：3毫米。
每个转化器装有2000克催化剂。结果示于表1中。
上例的转化器在发动机上装用两星期，该发动机每天工作数小时，汽车主要在城市道路上行驶，总行程达5000公里。
试验结束时转化器仍能很好地工作。
从上所述可以看出，本发明的转化器克服了已知技术的缺点。本发明的转化器是经济的，不会因接触汽油中所含的铅或硫而中毒，不会经受热震，而且不会产生任何污染物。
Claims (14)
1、一种适用于用加铅汽油、无铅汽油和醇作燃料的内燃机的废气的催化氧化和还原转化器，该转化器的特点是所用的催化剂为选自Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Cn、Zn、Sn、Ra、La、Ce的金属的氧化物。
2、一种如权利要求1所述的转化器，其特点是所述的氧化物是纯氧化物或是带载体的。
3、一种如权利要求1所述的转化器，其特点是所述的氧化物为单一的或混合的氧化物或氧化物混合物。
4、一种如权利要求1所述的转化器，其特点是所述的氧化物呈丸状、片状、环状、珠状、其直径为1～20毫米。
5、一种如权利要求1所述的转化器，其特点是所述的催化剂呈具沟的整体状态。
6、一种如权利要求1所述的转化器，其特点是所述的金属氧化物催化剂系分散在一陶瓷载体上。
7、一种如权利要求1所述的转化器，其特点是所述的金属氧化物催化剂系分散在一金属载体上。
8、一种如权利要求1所述的转化器，其特点是所述的催化剂的比表面为1～200米2/克。
9、一种如权利要求1所述的转化器，其特点是所述的催化剂由Cu、Cr和Ba的氧化物的混合物组成，且Cu与Cr的重量比为1∶2～2∶1。
10、一种如权利要求7所述的转化器，其特点是所述的催化剂是经过加热稳定化处理的，即在800～1000℃下煅烧过20～50分钟。
11、一种如权利要求1所述的转化器，其特点是该转化器装在消音器出口处并装有铠装电阻加热元件。
12、一种如权利要求1所述的转化器，其特点是该转化器装在发动机歧管的出口处。
13、一种如权利要求1所述的转化器，其特点是在正常操作情况下催化剂床的温度为350～850℃。
14、一种如权利要求1所述的转化器，其工作时的比气体流率为2，000～100，000体积气体/体积催化剂·小时。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT8920173A IT1229573B (it) | 1989-04-17 | 1989-04-17 | Convertitore catalitico di ossidazione e riduzione per gas di scarico di motori a scoppio. |
| IT20173A/89 | 1989-04-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1046586A true CN1046586A (zh) | 1990-10-31 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN90102173A Pending CN1046586A (zh) | 1989-04-17 | 1990-04-17 | 内燃机废气催化氧化和还原转化器 |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0393517A3 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH02280837A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1046586A (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9001760A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2014712A1 (zh) |
| DD (1) | DD298438A5 (zh) |
| FI (1) | FI901918A0 (zh) |
| HU (1) | HUT57081A (zh) |
| IT (1) | IT1229573B (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO901664L (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ233265A (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT93770A (zh) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104353466A (zh) * | 2014-09-25 | 2015-02-18 | 陕西华陆化工环保有限公司 | 用于汽车排气催化氧化的催化剂的制备方法 |
| CN110325727A (zh) * | 2017-03-02 | 2019-10-11 | 罗德里戈·柯基斯桑切斯孔查 | 用于优化催化合金的性能并改善其消除烃类燃料中的微生物污染物的性质的流体力学系统 |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE69503527T2 (de) * | 1994-01-20 | 1999-04-29 | Toyota Jidosha K.K., Toyota, Aichi | Katalysator zur Reinigung von Abgasen |
| US8765085B2 (en) | 2012-04-26 | 2014-07-01 | Basf Corporation | Base metal catalyst and method of using same |
| US8668890B2 (en) | 2012-04-26 | 2014-03-11 | Basf Corporation | Base metal catalyst composition and methods of treating exhaust from a motorcycle |
| CN104324729B (zh) * | 2014-10-08 | 2018-07-17 | 内江师范学院 | 一种烟气低温脱硝钴锰氧化物催化剂的制备方法 |
| GB201615209D0 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2016-10-19 | Mexichem Fluor Sa De Cv | Catalyst and process using the catalyst |
| GB201615197D0 (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2016-10-19 | Mexichem Fluor Sa De Cv | Catalyst and process using the catalyst |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS55843A (en) * | 1978-06-19 | 1980-01-07 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Device for burning solid fuel |
| JPH0616853B2 (ja) * | 1985-12-12 | 1994-03-09 | フア トン フア クオン シユイエ ユアン | 非貴金属系燃焼用触媒とその製造方法 |
| JPS62250947A (ja) * | 1986-04-23 | 1987-10-31 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 窒素酸化物と一酸化炭素の同時処理用触媒 |
| DE3729683A1 (de) * | 1987-09-04 | 1989-03-30 | Mototech Motoren Umweltschutz | Einrichtung zur nachbehandlung der abgase von kleinvolumigen zweitaktottomotoren sowie verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
| GB8802780D0 (en) * | 1988-02-08 | 1988-03-09 | Ti Corporate Services | Vehicle exhaust gas catalysts |
-
1989
- 1989-04-17 IT IT8920173A patent/IT1229573B/it active
-
1990
- 1990-04-10 NZ NZ233265A patent/NZ233265A/en unknown
- 1990-04-11 DD DD90339672A patent/DD298438A5/de unknown
- 1990-04-11 NO NO90901664A patent/NO901664L/no unknown
- 1990-04-12 EP EP19900107046 patent/EP0393517A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-04-16 JP JP2097797A patent/JPH02280837A/ja active Pending
- 1990-04-16 PT PT93770A patent/PT93770A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-04-16 BR BR909001760A patent/BR9001760A/pt unknown
- 1990-04-17 HU HU902461A patent/HUT57081A/hu unknown
- 1990-04-17 CN CN90102173A patent/CN1046586A/zh active Pending
- 1990-04-17 CA CA002014712A patent/CA2014712A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-04-17 FI FI901918A patent/FI901918A0/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104353466A (zh) * | 2014-09-25 | 2015-02-18 | 陕西华陆化工环保有限公司 | 用于汽车排气催化氧化的催化剂的制备方法 |
| CN110325727A (zh) * | 2017-03-02 | 2019-10-11 | 罗德里戈·柯基斯桑切斯孔查 | 用于优化催化合金的性能并改善其消除烃类燃料中的微生物污染物的性质的流体力学系统 |
| CN110325727B (zh) * | 2017-03-02 | 2022-04-05 | 罗德里戈·柯基斯桑切斯孔查 | 催化合金的流体力学系统 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO901664D0 (no) | 1990-04-11 |
| NO901664L (no) | 1990-10-18 |
| NZ233265A (en) | 1991-12-23 |
| JPH02280837A (ja) | 1990-11-16 |
| FI901918A0 (fi) | 1990-04-17 |
| HUT57081A (en) | 1991-11-28 |
| HU902461D0 (en) | 1990-08-28 |
| DD298438A5 (de) | 1992-02-20 |
| BR9001760A (pt) | 1991-06-04 |
| EP0393517A2 (en) | 1990-10-24 |
| EP0393517A3 (en) | 1990-12-19 |
| IT1229573B (it) | 1991-09-04 |
| PT93770A (pt) | 1991-11-29 |
| IT8920173A0 (it) | 1989-04-17 |
| CA2014712A1 (en) | 1990-10-17 |
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