CN104620780B - Separation cleaning plant of castor combined harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a separation and cleaning device of castor combined harvester, which comprises seven parts: a bracket, a feeding device, a vibrating screen separating device, a driving device for driving the vibrating screen to vibrate, a conveying device, a wind cleaning device and a grain storage device ; Wherein, the feeding device, the vibrating screen separation device, the driving device for driving the vibration of the vibrating screen and the conveying device are installed on the support, the feeding device is installed on one end of the support, and the vibrating screen separation device Installed at the outlet end of the feeding device, the conveying device is installed at the outlet end of the vibrating screen separation device; the grain storage device is installed at the outlet end of the conveying device; the wind cleaning device is installed at the separation and cleaning device of the tail. The separation and cleaning device adopts the dual separation method of vibrating screen vibration separation and wind force cleaning and separation, which greatly reduces the impurity content of the fruit.

Description

A separation and cleaning device for a castor combine harvester

technical field

The invention relates to a separation and cleaning device of a castor combine harvester, belonging to the technical field of separation and cleaning of agricultural machinery.

Background technique

The mechanization level of castor production in my country is relatively low, domestic castor harvesting work is basically done manually, the labor intensity is high, the efficiency is low, the waste rate is high, the working environment is poor, the shortage of labor force and the increasing price limit the castor industry. The market prospect of scale development. During the harvesting process of castor, it needs to be separated and cleaned to remove the broken leaves and stalks in the castor, so as to prevent the harvested castor from mildew and deterioration during transportation and storage, and also to provide for castor beans in shelling, etc. Separation and screening in the deep processing process provides a conditional guarantee.

Therefore, develop a separation and cleaning system on a castor-oil combine harvester, which can separate and clean castor-oil when the castor-oil harvester harvests castor beans, which is to reduce labor costs, improve the harvest results of the castor-oil harvester, and promote The urgent need for the development of my country's castor harvester industry.

The complete harvesting process of castor: Generally, when 80% of the capsules on the ears of castor are dark brown or yellowish brown, and the top of the grains are concave and broken with obvious veins, the whole ear can be harvested. The harvested ears need to be aired in time, and then threshed after drying. Where conditions permit, castor can be shelled with a special shelling machine. If there is no shelling machine, the ears can be stacked and retting, and the shell will crack automatically. It can be stored or sold below 9%.

During the harvesting process of castor, it is necessary to separate and clean to remove the broken leaves and stalks in the castor, so as to prevent the harvested castor from mold and deterioration during transportation and storage. Separation and screening in the deep processing process provides a conditional guarantee.

After retrieval, the patents on the fruit separation and cleaning device for the castor combine harvester only have the following ones at present.

1. Utility model patent - castor harvester (CN 201020285796.7) discloses a castor fruit separation and cleaning device. The working process is: first cut down the castor stalks by the header, and then transport them to the threshing by the header auger Roller, finally, the castor peaches are brushed off by the squeezing action of the double-channel rod-toothed roller and the arc-shaped concave plate, and the stalks and part of the castor beans that have not been separated on the arc-shaped concave plate are transported to the ladder by the unloader After separation on the plate-type combined separation screen, the stalks are discharged outside the machine, and the castor peach and some broken leaves enter the wind cleaning room, and are transported to the stepped plate-type vibrating screen by wind force, and are relatively clean under the action of the stepped-plate-type vibrating screen. castor peach. This utility model patent can realize the separation of castor bean fruit from stems and leaves. However, the method of processing castor bean fruit is to directly break the shell to extract kernels, and the harvesting method cannot fully adapt to the growth characteristics of castor bean. Hanging in the sun, it can be threshed after drying.

2. After searching for "a scissor-type castor bean harvester", Chinese patent ZL201410000820.0 provides a scissor-type castor bean harvester, including a tractor, a reel, scissors, a screw propeller, a conveyor, a threshing drum, Tractor chaser and vibrating screen are characterized in that a reel is fixedly installed at the front end of the tractor cab, and the reel rotates to move the castor bean plants backward to the propeller. The scissors are composed of a moving knife and a fixed knife. into the conveyor, and then into the threshing drum, threshing by the grain bar, the threshed castor bean plants are discharged from the miscellaneous discharge port, the castor beans and some fine impurities enter the draft device through the screen of the threshing drum, and then enter the double screen through the draft device. Layer vibrating screen, add a partition in the air outlet of the fan, the movable partition and the fixed partition, divide the air outlet of the fan into two upper and lower air ducts, corresponding to the double-layer vibrating screen, adjust the fan according to the cleaning effect The movable baffle inside is separated by two stages of winnowing, and the impurities blow off the tail of the vibrating screen, and the castor beans fall from the screen hole of the vibrating screen into the screw auger, and enter the silo by the elevator. However, its cost is higher and its impurity content is higher.

3. Invention patent-comb-teeth fruit picking and straw fixed-length quantitative bundling castor combined harvester (CN201410242083.5) discloses a castor fruit separation and cleaning device. The working process is: the material enters the separation and cleaning device , first fall into the vibrating sieve plate, a crank rocker mechanism is hinged under the vibrating sieve plate, and the vibrating screen crank obtains power through the vibrating screen transmission shaft, driving the vibrating screen connecting rod to move, thereby driving the vibrating sieve plate to reciprocate. During the movement of materials from one end of the vibrating sieve plate to the other end, some small stems and leaves can fall through the vibrating sieve holes on the vibrating sieve plate, and are discharged out of the machine through the cleaning channel under the action of the inclined guide plate. Below the end of the vibrating sieve plate, a wind cleaning device and a grain collection bin are arranged in sequence. The remaining materials fall after reaching the end of the vibrating sieve plate. During the falling process, the wind cleaning device relies on wind suction to suck the stalks and leaves in the remaining materials into the The channel is cleared and removed from the machine, and the separated and screened castor beans fall into the grain collection bin. This invention patent can realize the separation of castor fruit, stalks and leaves, but its vibration separation principle uses the crank rocker mechanism, and the movement track of the vibrating sieve plate is a horizontal plane, which cannot effectively transport materials from one end of the vibrating sieve plate Transported to the other end, the transport efficiency is not high.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is exactly to solve the above problems, and a kind of separating and cleaning device of castor-oil combine harvester is provided.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A separation and cleaning device for a castor combine harvester, including seven parts: a support, a feeding device, a vibrating screen separating device, a driving device for driving the vibration of the vibrating screen, a conveying device, a wind cleaning device and a grain storage device, wherein, The feeding device, the separating device of the vibrating screen, the driving device for driving the vibration of the vibrating screen and the conveying device are installed on the support;

The feeding device is installed at one end of the support, the vibrating screen separating device is installed at the outlet end of the feeding device, and the conveying device is installed at the outlet end of the vibrating screen separating device; the grain storage device is installed at the conveying The outlet end of the device; the wind cleaning device is installed at the tail of the separation and cleaning device.

The vibrating screen separation device includes a vibrating screen, a vibrating screen base installed on the lower part of the vibrating screen, and an elastic ball installed on the upper surface of the vibrating screen base and pulled by elastic ropes.

The front and rear ends of the vibrating screen base are surrounded by fences, and the gap of the fence is smaller than the radius of the elastic ball.

The vibrating screen includes two supporting plates uniformly provided with a row of through holes respectively and several equal-diameter cylindrical screen bars uniformly installed between the two supporting plates through the through holes. The distance between the centers of adjacent through holes is smaller than the average diameter of the castor.

The sieve bars of the vibrating screen are threaded sieve bars, and the middle part of each sieve bar is fitted with a first rolling sleeve. There is a gap, and a second rolling sleeve is sleeved in the gap parts respectively. The front and rear ends of the first rolling sleeve are respectively installed on the screen bar through a deep groove ball bearing installed on the screen bar, and the first rolling sleeve is in interference fit with the deep groove ball bearing.

The feeding device is a first conveyor belt, and the outlet end of the first conveyor belt is inclined downward.

The conveying device is a second conveyor belt, the outlet end of the second conveyor belt is inclined upward, and the angle between the second conveyor belt and the ground is smaller than the inclination angle of the second conveyor belt when the castor and the second conveyor belt are self-locked.

The outlet end of the vibrating screen separation device is inclined downward, the angle between the vibrating screen separation device and the ground is α, and the tangent value of α is greater than the friction coefficient f between the castor and the vibrating screen to prevent impurities from falling A self-locking phenomenon occurs.

The inclination of the vibrating screen separating device is smaller than the inclination of the feeding device.

The driving device includes a vibration motor installed on the bracket, a vibrator, and a connecting shaft between the vibration motor and the vibrator.

The air cleaning device is an internal suction fan, and the internal suction fan includes fan blades, a fan outer profile and a trash discharge channel.

The separation and cleaning device of the castor-oil combine harvester is a special equipment for the castor-oil combine harvester, which can replace the separation and cleaning device in the castor-oil harvester to complete the separation and cleaning of castor-oil fruits.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The vibrating screen is installed on the bracket and inclined downward at a certain angle. During operation, the vibration of the vibrating screen makes the castor fully roll, and then the leaves and small stalks mixed in the castor fully fall into the support of the vibrating screen, which improves the separation efficiency.

Due to impurities such as leaves and small stalks or the castor may get stuck in the gap of the vibrating screen after falling into the gap of the vibrating screen, which will reduce the screening efficiency and accuracy. Therefore, the form of installing a rolling sleeve on the sieve bar is adopted. The rolling sleeve will roll after being subjected to external force. With the vibration of the vibrating screen, the castor plant stuck in the gap of the vibrating screen can be pushed out, and the impurities will be shaken at the same time. Falling, so that impurities fall into the vibrating screen support, improving the screening efficiency and separation accuracy. The vibrating screen support of the present invention is also equipped with elastic balls. During the working process, the elastic balls will bounce in an irregular direction after being stressed, giving a certain impact force to the vibrating screen, and can also shake the impurities that may be stuck in the vibrating screen. fall, improving the screening efficiency.

The separation and cleaning device adopts the dual separation method of vibrating screen vibration separation and wind cleaning and separation, which greatly reduces the impurity content of the fruit; compared with similar devices of the same domestic product, it greatly improves the degree of material separation, and Work efficiency has been further improved.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the front view of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of vibrating screen;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the first rolling sleeve, the second rolling sleeve and the screen bar;

Fig. 5 is the assembly sectional structure schematic diagram of screen bar and support plate;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a vibrating screen base;

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the feeding device;

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the conveying device;

Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a grain storage device;

Fig. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of fan cleaning device;

Fig. 11 is a sectional view of the vibrating screen base.

Among them, 1-support, 2-feeding device, 3-first rolling sleeve, 4-vibrating screen, 5-vibrating screen base, 6-conveying device, 7-wind cleaning device, 8-grain storage device, 9 -fence, 10-support plate, 11-sliding way of vibrating screen base, 12-elastic ball, 13-conveyor driving wheel, 14-conveyor driven wheel, 15-fan blade, 16-fan outline, 17-exhaust channel , 18-conveying device bracket, 19-vibrating screen base bracket, 20-feeding device bracket, 21-vibrating motor bracket, 22-vibrating motor, 23-vibrating motor and vibrator connecting shaft, 24-vibrator, 25 -deep groove ball bearing, 26-second rolling sleeve, 27-screen bar, 28-screen bar fastening nut, 29-washer, 30-threaded screen bar, 31-fixed hook, 32-elastic rope.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Fig. 7, a kind of separating and cleaning device of castor-oil combine harvester comprises support 1, feeding device 2, vibrating screen separating device 5, driving device for driving vibrating screen vibration, conveying device 6. Seven parts of the wind cleaning device 7 and the grain storage device 8, wherein the feeding device 2, the vibrating screen separating device 5, the driving device for driving the vibrating screen vibration and the conveying device 6 are installed on the support 1; Described feeding device is installed on one end of described support 1, and described vibrating screen separation device 5 is installed on the outlet end of feeding device 2, and described delivery device 6 is installed on the outlet end of vibrating screen separating device 5; The grain device 8 is installed at the outlet end of the conveying device 6; the wind cleaning device 7 is installed at the tail of the separation and cleaning device.

Described support 1 comprises the feeding device 2 support 20 that is used to install feeding device 2, is used to install the conveying device support 18 of conveying device 6, is used to fix the vibrating screen base support 19 of vibrating screen base 5 and is used to install vibrating screen base support 19. The vibrating motor support 21 of the motor 22. The driving device includes a vibrating motor 22, a vibrator 24 and a connecting shaft 23 between the vibrating motor and the vibrator, and the vibrator 24 is connected with the vibrating screen 4 to drive the vibrating screen 4 to vibrate. The high-frequency vibration output by the vibrating motor 22 makes the castor-oil and impurities rapidly separated, and the impurities fall into the vibrating screen base 5, and the castor-oil quickly rolls down on the vibrating screen 4 onto the conveying device 6.

As shown in Figure 3, the vibrating screen 4 includes two support plates 10 uniformly provided with a row of through holes and several equal-diameter cylindrical plates 10 uniformly installed between the two support plates 10 through the through holes. As for the screen bar 27, the distance between the adjacent through holes on the support plate 10 is smaller than the average diameter of the castor.

As shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the screen bar 27 of the vibrating screen is a threaded screen bar 30, and the middle part of each screen bar is fitted with a first rolling sleeve 3, and the screen bar 27 is positioned on the first rolling sleeve. 3 and the gaps between the front and rear support plates 10 of the vibrating screen 4 are fitted with a second rolling sleeve 26 respectively. The front and rear ends of the first rolling sleeve 3 are installed on the screen bar 27 through a deep groove ball bearing 25 installed on the screen bar 27 respectively, and the first rolling sleeve 3 and the deep groove ball bearing 25 interference fit. The sieve bars are fixed on the support plate 10 by the sieve bar fastening nuts 28 and washers 29 .

As shown in Figure 6, the vibrating screen base 5 is installed on the support 1, and is inclined from the feed end to the discharge end. The angle of inclination between the vibrating screen base 5 and the ground is α, and the tangent value of α is slightly larger than that of castor and vibrating screen. The coefficient of friction f of 4 can prevent the impurities falling in the vibrating screen base 5 from self-locking during the movement of sliding into the castor field. The vibrating screen 4 is installed on the vibrating screen base 5 through the vibrating screen base slideway 11, and the stopper is welded on the end of the vibrating screen base slideway 11, so the vibrating screen 4 will not slide out from the vibrating screen base slideway 11 downwards, And because of the gravity of the vibrating screen 4 itself, the vibrating screen 4 will not slide upwards from the vibrating screen base slideway 11. A clearance fit is formed between the vibrating screen base 5 and the vibrating screen 4 . Elastic ball 12 is positioned at the upper surface of vibrating screen base 5, and an end of elastic cord 32 fixes elastic ball 12, and the connection between elastic ball 12 and elastic cord 32 can be by the elastic ball net with fine net, then by the end of fine net. Link to each other with elastic rope 32, the other end of elastic rope 32 is tied on the fixed hook 31, and fixed hook 31 is positioned at the inner bottom surface center of vibrating screen base 5. The front and rear ends of the vibrating screen base 5 are fences 9, and the gap of the fence 9 is less than the radius of the elastic ball 12.

The length of the elastic rope 32 when it is not stressed is equal to the vertical distance from the fixed hook 31 to the vibrating screen 4; the maximum elastic stretch length of the elastic rope 32 is equal to the distance from the fixed hook 31 to the fence 9. During the working process of the castor harvester, the support 1 where the vibrating screen base 5 is located will vibrate along with the movement of the castor harvester body, so that the elastic ball 12 in the vibrating screen base 5 produces elastic jumps, elastic force The ball 12 continuously beats on the vibrating screen 4, the vibrating screen base 5 and the fence 9, so that the piles of impurities on the vibrating screen 4 fall quickly, and then the piles of impurities in the vibrating screen base 5 are quickly scattered and slide through the fence 9 to the In the castor-oil field, the barrier 9 is constantly beaten by the elastic ball 12, and impurities are more likely to fall into the castor-oil field.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 8, the conveying device 6 is a conveyor belt, and the motor drives the driving wheel 13 to rotate, thereby driving the driven wheel 14 to rotate, further making the conveyor belt run. The angle (acute angle) between described conveyer belt and ground is slightly smaller than castor-oil and conveying device 6 generation self-locking angles, to prevent castor-oil from falling from the feeding end of conveyer belt.

As shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 , the air cleaning device 7 is an internal suction fan, and the internal suction fan includes a writing fan fan blade 15 , a fan outer profile 16 , and a miscellaneous discharge channel 17 . The wind power cleaning device 7 absorbs the impurities in the castor-oil plant raised from the conveyor belt, and the castor-oil plant fruit after cleaning falls in the grain storage device 8, and the grain storage device 8 is a grain collection bin. There is a certain gap between the bottom of the wind cleaning device 7 and the edge of the grain collection bin, and this gap is slightly less than the average radius of castor-oil, but it can not affect the normal operation of the wind cleaning device 7 in the interior.

Working process of the present invention is as follows:

In conjunction with shown in Fig. 1, start vibrating motor 22, make vibrating screen separating device work, castor-oil is added from feeding device 2 then. Castor first enters the vibrating screen 4 from the feeding device 2, and with the continuous vibration of the vibrating screen 4, the small castor leaves smaller than the gap between the adjacent screen bars 27 of the vibrating screen 4 will fall into the vibrating screen base 5 , the castor-oil that stays on the vibrating screen 4 can slide down simultaneously, until rolling out from the vibrating screen 4 outlet, arrives conveying device 6. When the castor-oil entering the conveying device 6 falls into the grain storage device 8 from the outlet end of the conveying device, the wind cleaning device 7 will suck the impurities therein into the miscellaneous discharge channel 17, thereby completing the separation and cleaning of the castor-oil. The vibrating screen 4 also adopts the form that the first rolling sleeve 3 is hung on the screen bars 27. After the first rolling sleeve 3 is squeezed by the impurities, it will rotate axially, so that the impurities can fall down and the impurities can be avoided. Live, improve the screening efficiency and separation accuracy. The vibrating screen support 5 of the present invention is also provided with an elastic ball 12. During the working process, the elastic ball 12 will produce non-directional bounce after being stressed, and give the vibrating screen 4 a certain impact force, which can also make the vibrating screen 4 Potentially stuck impurities are shaken off, improving screening efficiency.

Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the scope of protection of the invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A separating and cleaning device of castor-oil combine harvester, characterized in that: comprise support, feeding device, vibrating screen separating device, driving device for driving vibrating screen vibration, conveying device, wind cleaning device and grain storage device seven parts; Wherein, the feeding device, the vibrating screen separating device, the driving device for driving the vibrating screen and the conveying device are installed on the support, the feeding device is installed at one end of the support, and the vibrating screen separating device is installed At the outlet end of the feeding device, the conveying device is installed at the outlet end of the vibrating screen separation device; the grain storage device is installed at the outlet end of the conveying device; the wind cleaning device is installed at the separation and cleaning device Tail; the vibrating screen separation device includes a vibrating screen, a vibrating screen base installed on the bottom of the vibrating screen and an elastic ball that is installed on the upper surface of the vibrating screen base and is pulled by an elastic rope; the front and rear ends of the vibrating screen base are surrounded by a fence As a result, the gap of the fence is smaller than the radius of the elastic ball; The self-length of the elastic rope when it is not stressed is equal to the vertical distance from the fixed hook to the vibrating screen, and the maximum elastic stretching length of the elastic rope is equal to the distance from the fixed hook to the fence; The vibrating screen includes two supporting plates uniformly provided with a row of through holes respectively and several equal-diameter cylindrical screen bars uniformly installed between the two supporting plates through the through holes. The distance between the centers of adjacent through holes is less than the average diameter of the castor; the screen bar of the vibrating screen is a threaded screen bar, and the middle part of each screen bar is fitted with a first rolling sleeve, and the first rolling sleeve There is a gap between the cylinder and the front and rear support plates of the vibrating screen, and a second rolling sleeve is fitted in the gap; the front and rear ends of the first rolling sleeve are respectively installed on the screen bar The deep groove ball bearing on the screen is installed on the screen bar, and the first rolling sleeve is in interference fit with the deep groove ball bearing. 2. The separation and cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the feeding device is a first conveyor belt, and the outlet end of the first conveyor belt is inclined downward. 3. The separation and cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the conveying device is a second conveyor belt, the outlet end of the second conveyor belt is inclined upward, and the angle between the second conveyor belt and the ground is less than The inclination angle of the second conveyor belt when the castor and the second conveyor belt self-lock. 4. The separating and cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outlet end of the vibrating screen separating device is inclined downward, and the angle between the vibrating screen separating device and the ground is α, the tangent of α The value is greater than the friction coefficient f of castor and vibrating screen. 5. The separation and cleaning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: the inclination of the vibrating screen separation device is smaller than the inclination of the feeding device. 6 . The separation and cleaning device according to claim 1 , wherein the driving device includes a vibration motor, a vibration exciter, and a connecting shaft between the vibration motor and the vibration exciter installed on the support. 7. The separation and cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air cleaning device is an internal suction fan, and the internal suction fan includes fan blades, a fan outer profile and a miscellaneous discharge channel.