CN104611260B - 苏云金芽胞杆菌LTS290、杀虫基因cry57Ab、表达蛋白及其应用 - Google Patents
苏云金芽胞杆菌LTS290、杀虫基因cry57Ab、表达蛋白及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及“苏云金芽胞杆菌LTS290、杀虫基因cry57Ab、表达蛋白及其应用”,属于生物防治技术领域。苏云金芽胞杆菌LTS290,其保藏编号为:CGMCC No.10232。从菌株LTS290中分离得到的杀虫蛋白,具有如SEQ ID NO 2所示的氨基酸序列,及编码该杀虫蛋白的基因,优选所述基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO1所示。上述基因对鳞翅目害虫具有一定的毒杀力,以应用于转化微生物和植物,使之表现出对相关害虫的毒性,并克服、延缓害虫对工程菌和转基因植物的抗药性产生。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物防治技术领域,特别是本发明涉及对鳞翅目农业害虫具有高毒力的Bt杀虫基因及由该基因所编码的蛋白质。
背景技术
苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,简称Bt)是一种分布广泛的革兰氏阳性细菌,是一种对害虫毒力强且对天敌无毒性的昆虫病原微生物,对高等动物和人无毒性。它是目前研究最为深入、使用最为广泛的微生物杀虫剂,对16个目3000多种害虫有活性。Bt在芽胞形成期可形成杀虫晶体蛋白(Insecticidal CrystalProteins,ICPs),也称δ-内毒素(delta-endotoxin),它的形状、结构和大小均与其毒力有着密切关系[Schnepf.E,Crickmore.N,Van Rie.J.,Lereclus.D,Baum.J,Feitelson.J,Zeigler.D.R.,Dean.D.H.Bacillus thuringiensis and its pesticidal crystalproteins.Microbiol.Mol.Biol.Rev,1998,62(3):775-806.]。自1981年Schnepf等克隆了Bt的第一个ICPs基因,并于1985年发表了它的DNA碱基序列及其编码蛋白的氨基酸序列起,目前(2014年4月)共776个,其中cry基因738个,cry模式基因289个;cyt基因38个,cyt模式基因11个。当今,采用喷施化学农药防治手段固然可以减轻害虫对农作物的为害,但化学农药造成环境污染,长期以来,大量喷施化学杀虫剂,不仅会增强害虫的抗药性,使益虫及其它生态区系遭受破坏,而且严重污染环境,提高生产成本,破坏生态平衡。苏云金芽胞杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白因其杀虫效果好、安全、高效等优点而被广泛的应用于虫害防治。苏云金芽胞杆菌除了直接作为生物农药以外,1996年全世界第一例转基因抗虫植物在美国获准应用,它使用的基因来自Bt cry1Ac。在接下来的几年里,转cry1Ab基因的抗虫玉米,转cry3Aa基因的抗虫土豆等相距问世。在中国,自1998年开始正式推广含有cry1Ac/cry1Ab基因的抗虫棉以来,已经被普遍种植。在转基因作物商业化的第一个12年(1996-2007)中,由于能得到持续稳定的收益,农民种植转基因作物量逐年增加。2013年,27个国家的1800万农民种植了1.752亿公顷(4.33亿英亩)的转基因作物,比2012年持续增长了3%,即500万公顷(1200万英亩)。1800万农民从转基因作物中获益,其中90%为资源匮乏的小农户。前五个种植转基因作物的发展中国家是亚洲的中国和印度、拉丁美洲的巴西和阿根廷以及非洲的南非,共种植8270万公顷的转基因作物,占全球转基因作物种植面积的47%,并且这五个国家的人口约占全球70亿人口的41%。中国750万资源匮乏的小农户种植了420万公顷的Bt棉花,采用率为90%,平均每户农民种植0.5公顷的Bt棉花。转基因作物商业化给工业化国家和发展中国家的农民都带来了经济和环境效益。苏云金芽胞杆菌及其基因发掘已成为可持续发展农业中重要课题。
由于目前商品化的转基因抗虫作物的抗虫基因种类比较单一,如此大面积推广种植存在害虫避难所减少与害虫抗药性上升的风险。因此需要不断分离高毒力的或者新的基因组合来避免害虫抗药性上升的风险。因此,筛选分离克隆新的、高毒力的Bt杀虫基因,可以丰富杀虫基因资源,为转基因作物与工程菌株提供新的基因来源,提高Bt转基因产品的抗虫效果,并且可以降低害虫对Bt毒蛋白的抗性风险,避免新的生态灾难降临,具有重要的经济、社会和生态效益。
发明内容
本发明提供一种对鳞翅目害虫小菜蛾,甜菜夜蛾,棉铃虫等活性的苏云金芽胞杆菌LTS290,及其杀虫新基因基因cry57Ab1和其晶体杀虫蛋白,以应用于转化微生物和植物,使之表现出对相关害虫的毒性,并克服、延缓害虫对工程菌和转基因植物的抗药性产生。
苏云金芽胞杆菌菌株LTS290,其保藏编号为:CGMCC No.10232。
苏云金芽胞杆菌菌株LTS290在杀灭鳞翅目小菜蛾,甜菜夜蛾,棉铃虫农业害虫和抑制镰孢菌中的应用。
杀虫蛋白Cry57Ab,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO 2所示。
杀虫基因cry57Ab,编码杀虫蛋白Cry57Ab。
杀虫基因cry57Ab,其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO 1所示。
一种表达载体,其特征是含有Cry57Ab1基因。
所述表达载体为pEB-cry57Ab,其骨架载体为pEB,其结构如图6所示。
一种微生物转化体,其特征是含有cry57Ab基因。
杀虫基因cry57Ab在杀灭鳞翅目农业害虫中的应用。
所述应用是将杀虫基因cry57Ab转化到植物中,使植物表达对农业害虫的抗性,或者是将杀虫基因cry57Ab表达的蛋白作为生物杀虫剂的有效成分杀灭农业害虫。
本发明从黑龙江省五常市拉林镇附近土壤中分离得到一株苏云金芽胞杆菌菌株LTS290,其保藏编号为CGMCC No.10232,该菌株生物学特性为在生长周期中可以产生芽胞,并且同时产生有毒杀鳞翅目害虫小菜蛾,甜菜夜蛾,玉米螟,棉铃虫的作用和抑制镰孢菌的作用的伴胞晶体;从该菌株中得到一个新基因的阳性克隆,即pEB-cry57Ab(见图6),对其进行测序分析,在NCBI网站上应用BLAST并应用DNAMAN等生物软件进行分析,分析结果证明所克隆的基因是cry57Ab1基因,该基因编码框是由大小为2064bp,编码687个氨基酸残基,与cry57Aa1的氨基酸相似度为90.2%,所以该基因应属于第三等级的新基因,经国际δ-内毒素命名委员会正式命名为cry57Ab1。
cry57Ab1基因可按生物技术的常规方法转化微生物、植物,表现出对相关鳞翅目小菜蛾,甜菜夜蛾,玉米螟,棉铃虫害虫的毒性。
将上述基因转化菌株,表达得到的蛋白可以制成生物农药用于杀死鳞翅目害虫。同时,可以转入植物构建抗虫转基因植物,用于害虫的防治。
本发明分离克隆的Bt cry57Ab1基因序列及其基因表达产物能够对鳞翅目农业害虫甜菜夜蛾,棉铃虫无毒杀作用,而对小菜蛾、亚洲玉米螟有一定的毒杀力,cry57Ab1可扩大对鳞翅目害虫的杀虫谱。通过应用于转化微生物和植物,使它们表现出对相关害虫的毒性,可克服或延缓昆虫对工程菌和转基因植物抗药性的产生。
菌株保藏信息:
菌种分类命名:苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)
保藏机构:中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心
保藏日期:2014年12月23日
保藏编号:CGMCC No.10232
附图说明
图1光学显微镜下观察菌株LTS290菌体的形态,
其中:A为光学显微镜下观察结果,B为电镜下菌株LTS290菌体形态观察结果,
图2Bt LTS290无菌发酵液对马铃薯干腐病6种致病镰孢菌的抑菌作用,
图3Bt菌株LTS290对燕麦镰孢菌菌丝的抑制作用,
其中A:Bt菌株LTS290对燕麦镰孢菌菌丝菌体的抑制作用;B光学显微镜下正常生长的菌丝形态;C光学显微镜下被抑制的菌丝形态
图4cry57Ab基因全长PCR结果,
图5cry57Ab基因在大肠杆菌中表达蛋白的SDS-PAGE,
其中:M:高分子量蛋白Marker 1:pEB空载体组分;2:Cry57蛋白组分,
图6重组载体pEB-cry57Ab的结构图。
具体实施方式
实施例1、分离得到苏云金芽胞杆菌菌株LTS290
本申请人的实验室工作人员从黑龙江省五常市拉林镇土壤中分离的得到一株苏云金芽胞杆菌,苏云金芽胞杆菌的芽胞由外向内依次为芽胞外壁、芽胞衣、皮层、芽胞内壁,原生质膜和原生质体。其中皮层的主要成分是肽聚糖,不含营养细胞的多聚糖磷壁酸,它保持着芽胞的脱水状态和耐热性,另一方面,芽胞形成过程中,会产生大量DPA-Ca鳌合物,使得芽胞中的生物大分子形成耐热凝胶,在80℃下热处理20min,苏云金芽胞杆菌芽胞也不会死亡并且休眠的芽胞在75℃的亚致死温度下处理15min,活化效果最好,不但促其快速萌发,还可提高芽胞的成活率(喻子牛1990)。依据这一特性,可实施温度筛选(Knowles B H,Ellar D J.Colloid-osmotic lysis is a general feature of the mechanism ofaction of Bacillus thuringiensis d-endotoxins with different specificity[J].Biochimica et biophysica acta,1987,924:509-518.;戴莲韵,王学聘等.中国八个自然保护区森林土壤中苏云金芽胞杆的分布[J].微生物学报,1994,30(2)117-121)。
1、1菌株的分离
1)取分装的土样加入到50ml大离心管中,至锥形管锥形处。
2)加灭菌水至15ml处,放入玻璃珠5~10颗。
3)用振荡器将土样打碎。
4)放入水浴锅中80℃,20分钟。
5)取1.5ml的EP管,每个管中加1ml灭菌水,再从50ml管中取10微升菌液加入到EP管中混匀。
6)从EP管中取100微升喷到1/2LB培养基中,涂匀。
7)放入到30℃温箱中培养2~3天。
8)镜检观察。
晶体观察
光学显微镜:
将胞晶混合液滴于载玻片上,涂抹均匀,烘干固定,石炭酸复红染液染色3min,清水冲洗,100x油镜进行镜检,石炭酸复红染液配制方法参见文献(Baroy F,Lecadet M M,Deleluse A.Cloning and sequencing of three new putative toxin genes fromClostridium bifermentans[J].Gene,1998,211:293-295)。见图1A所示。在1/2LB培养基上培养48h后形成单菌落,光学显微镜下观察到菌株QZL38菌体为长杆状,芽胞为长圆棒状,晶体为双锥形。
电镜显微观察:
扫描电镜制样:孢晶混合液滴于玻璃片上,干燥,经锇酸固定,而后经酒精梯度脱水,临界点干燥,离子溅射喷金(2nm厚),New Bio-TEM H-7500扫描电镜观察拍照。如图1B所示。
生物学测定表明,对小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、玉米螟,棉铃虫的初筛生测结果为校正死亡率为65%,46%,40%,20%。
将该菌株保藏,其保藏编号CGMCC No.10232。
Bt菌株LTS290产生的晶体形态,如图1A中光学显微镜下箭头所示,从左到右依次为球形晶体和芽胞;电镜图片(图1B)中箭头所指,从左到右依次为球形晶体和芽胞。BtLTS-290发酵液对6种镰刀菌菌丝的生长抑制见图2所示,通过计算结果显示发酵液对燕麦镰孢菌和接骨木镰孢菌菌丝生长抑制率分别为91.38%和91.76%,而对其他供试镰孢菌的菌丝生长抑制率一般在73%~87%之间。如图3所示。经计算Bt菌株LTS290对燕麦镰孢菌的抑制率(R)值大约为0.3,(图3)。通过对燕麦镰孢菌菌丝显微结构进行观察,如图3B所示,正常生长的菌丝长,且呈直线型生长,而被抑制的菌丝短,并且变得弯曲,菌丝被抑制效果显著图3C。
实施例2.获得新基因
通过全基因组测序,发现菌株BtLTS290基因组上含有一个与cry57Aa1相似度极高的cry基因,设计全长引物57F(5'CGGGATCCGATGGGGACATGGTGGCCT3')和57R(5'CCCAACGTTATTTGATAAATAATTAAATAAAGTATCAG3'),引物的5'端分别添加酶切位点BamH I和Sal I,已用下划线标出。
采用快速克隆方法对该菌株中的新sip1A基因进行分离克隆。
用pfuDNA聚合酶,用如下体系进行PCR扩增。
超纯水补至50μL,混匀离心。
扩增循环:94℃变性1分钟,54℃退火1分钟,72℃延伸1分钟,25个循环,最后72℃延伸10分钟。如图4所示。
2.2连接方案
用超纯水补足体积到10μL,充分混匀,16℃连接4h或4℃连接过夜。
设计cry57Ab类基因的全长引物,扩增得到全长基因,将其与载体pEB(公开载体,本所实验室有保存,可以对外公开发放)载体进行连接,转化入感受态JM109中,经抗性筛选、PCR鉴定分析,筛选出含有cry57Ab基因的阳性重组质粒。图4PCR鉴定结果。将纯化片段与载体pEB,载体pET21b连接转化大肠杆菌JM109,得到阳性转化子。对插入片断进行测序分析,得到序列SEQ ID NO 1,其氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO 2所示。由PCR扩增得到了大小正确的目的条带,将目的条带进行纯化并测序。测序结果显示,BtLTS290菌株中的cry57基因大小为2064bp,编码678个氨基酸残基,与cry57Aa1的氨基酸相似度为90.2%,由Btδ-内毒素基因国际命名委员会正式命名为cry57Ab1。
2.3转化方案
2.3.1大肠杆菌转化
1.挑取单菌落于5ml LB震荡培养过夜;
2.按1%接种量接种于LB液体培养基中,37℃,230rpm培养2-2.5hr,(OD600=0.5-0.6);
3.4℃,4,000rpm离心10min;
4.弃上清,加入预冷的0.1M CaCl250ml悬浮细胞,置于冰上30min以上;
5.4℃,4,000rpm离心10min,回收细胞;
6.用2-4ml冰预冷的0.1M CaCl2重悬细胞,分装成200μl/0.5mL离心管中,于4℃保存(可保存一周)。
7.取200μl感受态细胞与5μL连接产物充分混匀,冰浴30min。
8.42℃热激1.5min,冰浴3min。
9.加入800μl LB培养基37℃培养45min。
10.取200μl涂板,加入相应的抗生素,及IPTG,X-gal,37℃培养。
实施例3、基因表达与活性测定
3.1.1在上述克隆提取质粒DNA,转入受体菌Rosetta(DE3)中,获得表达菌株。
IPTG诱导表达后,进行SDS-PAGE蛋白电泳检测。
诱导表达过程如下:
1)活化菌种(37℃、12hr);
2)10%接种于LB培养基中(37℃、2hr);
3)加入诱导物IPTG,150rpm,18-22℃低温诱导4-20h;
4)离心收集菌体,加入10mM Tris·Cl(pH 8.0)悬浮;
5)破碎菌体(超声波破碎完全);
离心12,000rpm 10min 4℃;
收集上清及沉淀各10-15μL,分别电泳检测。
聚丙烯酰胺凝胶配置如下。
上样:上样10-15μl,电泳:130-150V恒压。
染色与脱色:电泳后取出凝胶,用蒸馏水冲洗后,放入染色液中,60rpm振荡染色1hr左右,脱色液中脱色2hr左右,脱色至凝胶背景透明,清水中漂洗至蛋白带清晰。
将重组质粒pEB-cry57Ab,(见图6)转化到E.coli Rosetta(DE3)中,IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE(12%)凝胶电泳。结果表明,cry57Ab基因都能通过表达载体pEB在大肠杆菌中高效表达大约为90kDa蛋白,而经IPTG诱导的转入Rosetta(DE3)的pEB空载体没有特异的目的条带产生(图5)。
3.2Bt菌株LTS290及cry57Ab基因编码蛋白的杀虫活性测定
将Bt菌株LTS290及cry57Ab基因表达蛋白,用水稀释到不同浓度,对鳞翅目害虫的杀虫活性,具体方法如下,采用饲料混合法进行杀虫生物活性测定。将制备好不同浓度梯度的表达蛋白样品并分装于经过消毒的培养皿中,分别与饲料搅拌混匀,挑选活跃的初孵幼虫接于饲料上,每个处理重复3次,小菜蛾、棉铃虫、亚洲玉米螟、甜菜夜蛾农业害虫每个重复为30头试虫。阴性对照为10mmol/L Tris-Cl溶液作。试虫的饲养条件为相对湿度为70%-80%、温度为27℃的光照培养箱中培养,饲育48h后调查死、活虫数量,计算死亡率。
如表一所示本实验对表达的Cry57Ab蛋白进行了初步的杀虫活性测定,对甜菜夜蛾、棉铃虫和亚洲玉米螟的浓度定为100μg/mL,对小菜蛾浓度定为50μg/mL,每个处理重复3次,并用10mmol/LTris-Cl溶液作为阴性对照。初筛结果如表1所示,Cry57Ab蛋白对甜菜夜蛾和棉铃虫杀虫活性较弱,而对亚洲玉米螟和小菜蛾有一定的杀虫活性。而现公开的Cry57Aa1蛋白未见有毒杀农业害虫作用的报道。
表1Cry57Ab蛋白对几种鳞翅目害虫的初筛杀虫结果
其中CK处理的平均死亡率:Tris-Cl甜菜夜蛾4.4%;Tris-Cl对棉铃虫5.6%;Tris-Cl对亚洲玉米螟13.3%;Tris-Cl对小菜蛾15.6%。
本发明的有益效果:本发明分离克隆的Bt cry57Ab基因序列及其基因表达产物能够对鳞翅目产生毒力,特别对于小菜蛾、亚洲玉米螟有一定的毒杀作用,可扩大对鳞翅目害虫的杀虫谱,通过应用于转化微生物和植物,使它们表现出对相关害虫的毒性,可克服或延缓昆虫对工程菌和转基因植物抗药性的产生。
Claims (10)
1.苏云金芽胞杆菌菌株LTS290,其保藏编号为:CGMCC No.10232。
2.苏云金芽胞杆菌菌株LTS290在杀灭鳞翅目小菜蛾、棉铃虫、亚洲玉米螟、甜菜夜蛾农业害虫和抑制镰孢菌中的应用,所述镰孢菌为燕麦镰刀菌,接骨木镰孢菌,腐皮镰孢菌,拟丝孢镰孢菌,拟枝孢镰孢菌,茄病镰孢菌。
3.杀虫蛋白Cry57Ab,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO 2所示。
4.杀虫基因cry57Ab,编码权利要求3所述的杀虫蛋白Cry57Ab。
5.权利要求4所述的杀虫基因cry57Ab,其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO 1所示。
6.一种表达载体,其特征是含有权利要求5所述的cry57Ab基因。
7.根据权利要求6所述表达载体,为pEB-cry57Ab,其骨架载体为pEB,其结构如图6所示。
8.一种微生物转化体,其特征是含有权利要求5所述的cry57Ab基因。
9.权利要求4或5所述的杀虫基因cry57Ab在杀灭鳞翅目农业害虫中的应用,所述鳞翅目农业害虫为小菜蛾、棉铃虫、亚洲玉米螟、甜菜夜蛾。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,是将杀虫基因cry57Ab转化到植物中,使植物表达对农业害虫的抗性,或者是将杀虫基因cry57Ab表达的蛋白作为生物杀虫剂的有效成分杀灭农业害虫。
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