CN104609922A - Plant ash production and collection device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a plant ash production and collection device, aiming to provide a device that can effectively carry out centralized burning treatment of wheat straw, the burning process is stable and efficient, can ensure sufficient burning, the ash fertilizer produced has high purity, and can clean the produced ash. The flue gas is effectively treated to avoid the device that causes smoke pollution. It includes an incineration kiln, a feeding device, and a smoke cleaning device: the incineration kiln has an incineration inner cavity, the incineration kiln is inclined and is 10 to 60 degrees from the horizontal plane, and the incineration inner cavity is equipped with a main The transmission shaft driven by the motor, the transmission shaft is provided with a plurality of bulk materials for moving materials, and the incineration kiln is provided with an air inlet, a smoke outlet, a material inlet, and a material cleaning opening and closing Door. The beneficial effects of the invention are: good separation effect; removal of solid particles and dust in flue gas; use of waste heat of flue gas to dry raw materials to improve subsequent firing effect; with preheating structure, better and more Fully guarantee the subsequent incineration.

Description

A plant ash production and collection device

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production, and in particular relates to a plant ash production and collection device.

Background technique

At present, there are often many plants that are difficult to handle and have little use value, such as weeds in the garden, dead wood, broken branches of plants, crop straw, etc. Among them, the generation of wheat straw in our country every year The amount is quite large. If wheat straw or other plants are directly used as fertilizers for landfill, due to their relatively large size, slow decomposition, and poor actual fertilizer supply capacity, it is easy to cause many negative effects. Therefore, it can be selected to be incinerated centrally, so as to be burned into plant ash fertilizer for rational use. Plant ash is the ashes of various plants after burning, so almost all the mineral elements contained in plants are contained in plant ash. Among them, potassium is the most abundant element, generally containing 6-12% of potassium; followed by phosphorus, generally containing 1.5-3%; it also contains trace amounts of calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulfur and iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum, etc. nutrient. The ash content of different plants has different nutrient content. When the plant ash is applied at the same amount of potassium, the fertilizer effect is better than that of chemical potassium fertilizer. Therefore, it is an inorganic fertilizer with complete nutrition and obvious fertilizer effect. However, at present, in the process of burning fertilizer, there are several main shortcomings: it is easy to produce a large amount of solid particles, thereby forming smoke and dust, which has adverse effects on the surrounding environment; because of centralized burning, it is easy to appear insufficient burning process , the utilization rate of raw materials is limited and the content of impurities will be too high; and because there are many impurities and residual materials in the plant ash fertilizer made, follow-up treatment is required, which increases the process and has a negative impact on production efficiency and cost.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method that can effectively carry out centralized burning treatment of wheat straw and other plants and plant residues. The burning process is stable and efficient, which can ensure sufficient burning, and the ash fertilizer produced has high purity. , and can effectively treat the generated flue gas, which can avoid the device that causes smoke pollution.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A plant ash production and collection device, including an incineration kiln, a feeding device, a smoke cleaning device, and a material separation net:

The incineration kiln has an incineration inner cavity, the incineration kiln is inclined and forms 10 to 60 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the incineration inner cavity is provided with a transmission main shaft driven by a main motor, and the transmission main shaft is There are a plurality of bulk material bodies for moving materials, and the incineration kiln is provided with an air inlet, a smoke outlet, a material inlet, and a material cleaning opening and closing door;

The feeding device includes a feeding cylinder and a compression part. A feeding auger is provided in the feeding cylinder, and the compression part is connected between the feeding cylinder and the feeding port. The diameter of the compression part is from the feeding auger The direction from the dragon to the feed inlet gradually decreases;

The smoke cleaning device includes an outer smoke exhaust channel and a sink. The outer smoke exhaust channel is connected to the smoke outlet. There are multiple shower heads on the upper side of the outer smoke exhaust channel. The direction of water spraying is from top to bottom. The outer smoke exhaust channel is connected with the sink;

The material separating net is located between the air inlet and a bulk material body closest to the air inlet, and the material separating net is connected to the transmission main shaft;

The bulk material body is in the shape of a rod, and a number of bulk material bodies close to the feeding port are provided with screw pusher pieces.

As a preference, the smoke cleaning device further includes a smoke exhaust pipeline, a smoke exhaust terminal is formed between the inner wall of the smoke exhaust pipeline and the water surface of the sink, and a plurality of sprayers are arranged in the smoke exhaust terminal , the water source of the sprayer is a sink, and the entrance of the final smoke exhaust channel is connected with the outlet of the outer smoke exhaust channel.

As a preference, the air inlet is at the end of the incineration kiln close to the ground, the smoke outlet is at the end of the incineration kiln away from the ground, the air inlet is connected to a compressor, and the smoke outlet is connected to the clean smoke There is a gray fertilizer sinking tube between the devices, the gray fertilizer sinking tube is connected to the smoke outlet through a smoke outlet pipe, the gray fertilizer sinking tube is connected to the smoke cleaning device through a smoke passing tube, and the smoke cleaning device The caliber of the device is 3 to 10 times the caliber of the smoke outlet pipe.

As a preference, the connection between the smoke outlet pipe and the ash and fertilizer sinking tube is at the upper part of the nozzle at one end of the ash and fertilizer sinking tube, and the connection between the smoke passing pipe and the gray and fertilizer sinking tube is at the other end of the nozzle of the gray and fertilizer sinking tube The upper part of the gray fertilizer sinking tube is provided with a fertilizer unloading door.

Preferably, the incineration kiln is provided with a preheating barrel, the preheating barrel is in communication with the feed inlet, and the preheating barrel is at the end of the incineration kiln away from the air inlet.

Preferably, it also includes a raw material drying device. The raw material drying device includes a centrifugal cylinder that can rotate along its own axis. The centrifugal cylinder is in the shape of a truncated cone with upper and lower openings, and the upper opening of the centrifugal cylinder is the raw material inlet. The lower opening is the raw material outlet.

As a preference, a heat drying cylinder is provided outside the centrifugal cylinder, and a heat drying chamber is formed between the inner side wall, the upper and lower bottom of the heat drying cylinder and the outer wall of the centrifugal cylinder, and a heat supply port is provided on the heat drying chamber. , exhaust port, the two ends of a hot and humid air pipe are respectively connected to the heat supply port and the smoke cleaning device.

As a preference, a continuous, spiral inner partition is provided on the inner wall of the heat drying cylinder, and the inner partition divides the heat drying chamber into a continuous air channel, and the air channel The starting port is connected to the heat supply port, and the ending section of the air passage is connected to the discharge port.

As a preference, it also includes a cleaning motor, the transmission main shaft is provided with a main shaft inner cavity, and a transmission inner shaft coaxial with the transmission main shaft extends into the main shaft inner cavity, and one end of the transmission inner shaft is connected to the inner cavity of the main shaft. The output shaft of the scaling motor is connected, and the other end is connected with the bearing of the inner shaft. The transmission spindle is provided with a plurality of scaling devices, and the scaling devices include a scaling ball, a limit ball, a ball receiving spring, a sliding rod 1. The sliding hole provided on the wall of the transmission main shaft, the sliding rod and the sliding hole are slidably matched, the dirt-cleaning ball and the limit ball are respectively connected to the two ends of the sliding rod, and the ball-receiving spring is set on the sliding On the rod and between the limit ball and the inner wall of the transmission spindle, the dirt ball is in contact with the outer wall of the transmission spindle, and the transmission inner shaft is provided with a plurality of push plates for pushing the limit ball, Each limit ball corresponds to a push plate.

As a preference, the descaling device further includes an extended protective base, the extended protective base is connected to the inner wall of the drive shaft, the sliding rod passes through the extended protective base, and the two ends of the ball receiving spring are respectively compressed For the limit ball and the extended protection base, for the dirt ball and the slide rod belonging to the same dirt cleaning device, the vertical connection line between the center of the dirt ball and the axis of the transmission shaft and the slide rod are within 20 to 45-degree angle.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the purification and separation of plant ash can be realized by air blowing, and the separation effect is excellent; it has the functions of spraying and water spraying purification, and the two purification processes perfectly realize the removal of solid particles and dust in the flue gas; The residual heat of the flue gas dries the raw materials to improve the subsequent firing effect; it has a preheating structure, which can better and more fully guarantee the subsequent incineration; after the work is completed, the scaling cleaning operation can be quickly realized, which can prolong the service life and ensure the next One-time incineration effect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of incineration kiln and feeding device place of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a raw material drying device of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the inner cavity of the main shaft in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

In the figure: incineration kiln 1, feeding device 2, smoke cleaning device 3, main motor 4, transmission spindle 5, bulk material body 6, air inlet 7, smoke outlet 8, feeding cylinder 9, compression part 10, feeding auger 11. Smoke exhaust outer channel 12, sink 13, shower head 14, smoke exhaust pipeline 15, smoke exhaust final channel 16, sprayer 17, ash and fertilizer sinking pipe 18, smoke outlet pipe 19, smoke passing pipe 20, fertilizer unloading door 21 , preheating barrel 22, raw material drying device 23, centrifuge barrel 24, heat drying barrel 25, heat supply port 26, discharge port 27, wet and hot air pipe 28, inner partition 29, air passage 30, main shaft inner cavity 31, transmission Inner shaft 32, dirt ball 33, limit ball 34, ball receiving spring 35, slide bar 36, push plate 37, extension protection base 38, material spacer net 39, screw push material sheet 40.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Embodiment 1: In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, a kind of plant ash production collection device comprises incineration kiln 1, feeding device 2, smoke cleaning device 3, material separation net: described incineration kiln It has an incineration inner cavity. The incineration kiln is inclined and forms 10 to 60 degrees with the horizontal plane. The incineration inner cavity is provided with a transmission main shaft 5 driven by a main motor 4. The transmission main shaft is provided with multiple A bulk material body 6 for moving materials, the incineration kiln is provided with an air inlet 7, a smoke outlet 8, and a feed port; the feeding device includes a feeding cylinder 9, a compression portion 10, and the A feeding auger 11 is provided in the feeding cylinder, and the compression part is connected between the feeding cylinder and the feed port, and the diameter of the compression part decreases gradually from the feed auger to the feed port; The smoke cleaning device includes an outer smoke exhaust channel 12 and a sink 13. The outer smoke exhaust channel is connected to the smoke outlet. A plurality of shower heads 14 are arranged on the upper side of the outer smoke exhaust channel. The direction of water spraying is from top to bottom. The outer smoke exhaust channel communicates with the sink; the material spacer 39 is located between the air inlet and a bulk material closest to the air inlet, and the material spacer is connected to the transmission main shaft; The bulk material body is in the shape of a rod, and a number of bulk material bodies close to the feeding port are provided with screw pusher pieces.

The incineration cavity can be used for burning wheat straw, etc. A large amount of wheat straw is pushed by the feeding auger, and after reaching the compression part, it starts to squeeze each other and enters the feeding port in this state, while air or other combustion-supporting gases enter the incineration kiln from the air inlet . Wheat straw enters the incineration kiln in a tightly packed state, so the air at the feed port cannot circulate, and the straw here will basically not burn. At most, only the head part of the straw entering the incineration kiln may cause some flames, but due to insufficient air It is difficult to expand in a large area, so first of all, it is ensured that the straw on the outside will not be burned in large quantities first, and the problem that the straw squeezed in the middle is difficult to ignite and cannot be fully burned due to the incineration and carbonization of the outer straw first is avoided. After the wheat straw enters, it is quickly pushed toward the rear bulk rod area by the screw pusher, firstly avoiding the blockage near the feed inlet and keeping the feed unimpeded, and then being agitated and broken up by the bulk rod in the bulk material area At this time, the dispersed wheat straw will be in full contact with the air and can be burned well. After burning, it will directly form plant ash and stay in the incineration kiln. The material partition net protects the air inlet, prevents large-volume materials from filling the area near the air inlet, and maintains the smoothness of the air intake. After the straw is burned, it is inevitable that some unburned parts will be left, and impurities such as soil and the formed plant ash will cover these unburned parts, making it difficult to continue burning. Stirring will drive the newly fed straw and unburned straw including impurities and plant ash upwards, and then make them fall down, so as to repeatedly disperse them, and then use the ignition and fire supply of the new feed to realize reburning. The agitation function of the bulk rod is realized by the main motor driving the drive shaft to rotate. In application, auxiliary devices such as reducers can also be added to the main motor according to actual needs, so that the speed of the drive shaft can be at a more reasonable level. Range, the drive shaft can be supported and positioned by shaft brackets, bearings or other commonly used structures that cooperate with the shaft, so that it can work stably in the incineration kiln. The hot flue gas produced after straw burning can reach 600 to 700 degrees, which contains a large amount of solid particles. At this time, the hot flue gas enters the outer exhaust channel through the smoke outlet. The shower head in the outer exhaust channel can be sprayed with water, forming a section of flue gas channel similar to the rainfall part in the outer exhaust channel, the temperature of the hot flue gas is appropriately lowered, and the solid particles are taken away by the "rainwater" in large quantities, and together with the falling water Into the sink, so as to achieve the purification of flue gas.

The smoke cleaning device also includes a smoke exhaust pipeline 15, and a smoke exhaust terminal 16 is formed between the inner wall of the smoke exhaust pipeline and the water surface of the sink, and a plurality of sprayers 17 are arranged in the smoke exhaust terminal , the water source of the sprayer is a sink, and the entrance of the final smoke exhaust channel is connected with the outlet of the outer smoke exhaust channel.

In order to prevent excessive smoke exhaust resistance, the gap between the water streams should be maintained during water spraying and purification, and the poured water should not be filled in a large area and cover the outer smoke exhaust channel. Therefore, the exhausted smoke after the initial purification still contains a certain amount. Solid particles and dust. At this time, the smoke will pass through the final exhaust channel, and the sprayer will spray water mist to form a large area of purified water mist in the final exhaust channel. The purified water mist has low smoke exhaust resistance, uniform distribution and fills the final exhaust channel. , the solid particles in the flue gas are easy to combine with the water droplets in the water mist once they are connected to the water mist, and they are also easy to combine multiple times, absorb and quickly become large water droplets, and fall back to the sink together. To filter and purify the flue gas, the energy consumed is only the electric energy consumed by the sprayer, the effect is obvious, it can be used infinitely, and it is also very environmentally friendly, and the water supply source of the shower head can be a sink, forming an overall cycle, which can also save energy. Additional equipment.

The air inlet is at the end of the incineration kiln close to the ground, the smoke outlet is at the end of the incineration kiln away from the ground, the air inlet is connected to a compressor, and the smoke outlet and the smoke cleaning device are connected The ash and fertilizer sinking tube 18 is provided, the ash and fertilizer sinking tube is connected with the smoke outlet through a smoke outlet pipe 19, and the ash and fertilizer sinking tube is connected with the smoke cleaning device through a smoke passing tube 20. The caliber of the device is 3 to 10 times the caliber of the smoke outlet pipe.

The compressed air device can be any commonly used compressed air equipment such as an air pump and a blower. As long as the air can be sent into the incineration kiln at a certain pressure, it is equivalent to forming a continuous airflow with a certain speed in the incineration kiln. This airflow can ensure that more oxygen in the air can be consumed. Bring it into the incineration kiln to avoid the oxygen being exhausted near the air inlet due to the slow air flow rate, resulting in too uneven combustion in the incineration kiln. Moreover, after being burned into plant ash, because the plant ash is relatively light, while the straw, impurities, and unburned parts are relatively heavy, the plant ash is blown together with the airflow and leaves from the smoke outlet, which is equivalent to forming a "wind sieve". ", the plant ash is directly separated from other raw materials and impurities, and the plant ash brought out by the airflow enters the ash and fertilizer sinking tube. Due to the relatively sharp increase in the caliber of the ash and fertilizer sinking tube, the airflow directly slows down, and the blowing plant ash is greatly improved. As it descends, the plant ash begins to settle to the bottom of the ash and fertilizer sinking tube, and the airflow carries relatively lighter solid particles out of the ash and fertilizer sinking tube and enters the smoke purification device. This process directly realizes the purification of plant ash. The plant ash extracted into the ash fertilizer sink tube is extremely high in purity, and impurities, etc. are left in the incineration kiln from the beginning. High-purity plant ash can be directly packaged and used later, and this process does not require The economic cost of the high-cost equipment and separation and purification process is very low. After the incineration is completed, the material cleaning door can be opened, so that the residual materials and impurities at the bottom of the incineration kiln can be cleaned.

The connection between the smoke outlet pipe and the ash and fertilizer sinking tube is at the top of one end of the ash and fertilizer sinking tube, and the connection between the smoke passing pipe and the ash and fertilizer sinking tube is at the top of the other end of the ash and fertilizer sinking tube. The lower part of the gray fertilizer sinking tube is provided with a fertilizer unloading door 21 . Avoid the settled plant ash from direct contact with the rapid air flow, so as to better retain the plant ash.

The incineration kiln is provided with a preheating barrel 22, the preheating barrel communicates with the feed inlet, and the preheating barrel is located at the end of the incineration kiln away from the air inlet. After feeding, the tightly squeezed straw does not directly enter the range of the bulk rod to be broken up, but first passes through the preheating barrel. After the air enters from the air inlet, it will be heated due to combustion, and the heated airflow When it reaches the preheating barrel, the straw is preheated first. The preheated straw is closer to the combustion temperature. Once a large area is exposed to fire, it will burn more violently, faster and more uniformly, so it can be burned more fully and improve the burnout rate of one combustion.

It also includes a raw material drying device 23. The raw material drying device includes a centrifugal cylinder 24 that can rotate along its own axis. The centrifugal cylinder is in the shape of a truncated cone with upper and lower openings. The opening is for raw material outlet. The outer casing of the centrifugal cylinder is provided with a heat drying cylinder 25, and a heat drying chamber is formed between the inner side wall, the upper and lower bottom of the heat drying cylinder and the outer wall of the centrifugal cylinder, and the heat supply opening 26, The two ends of the outlet 27 and a hot and humid air pipe 28 are respectively connected to the heat supply port and the smoke cleaning device. A continuous, spiral inner partition 29 is provided on the inner wall of the heat drying cylinder, and the inner partition divides the heat drying chamber into a continuous air channel 30, and the air channel starts from The beginning port is connected to the heat supply port, and the end section of the air passage is connected to the discharge port.

Straw and other raw materials are not dry due to damp, rainfall, and inherent water content. The drying device can properly remove water through centrifugal shaking. The final exhausted flue gas is purified by the water spray and water mist area, and its temperature is about 130 degrees to 250 degrees, depending on the influence of factors such as the water mist area, the length of the water spray area, and the air velocity, but at least it is still Hot air flow. However, this high-temperature air contains water vapor, so it is unscientific to directly use it to dry raw materials, and it is easy to cause water vapor to condense back into the raw materials. By passing it through the air passage, the raw material can be dried through indirect heat conduction. After the raw material is centrifugally shaken, it will form a "wall-attached" effect attached to the centrifugal cylinder, so the heat drying effect is better. The dried raw materials are then fed and incinerated through the feeding auger, which can reduce energy consumption and improve the combustion efficiency and adequacy of combustion in the incineration kiln.

Embodiment 2: The basic structure and implementation of this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1. The difference is that, as shown in FIG. A transmission inner shaft 32 that is coaxial with the transmission main shaft stretches among the main shaft inner cavity, and one end of the transmission inner shaft is connected with the output shaft of the cleaning motor, and the other end is connected with the inner shaft bearing, and the cleaning motor can also be set In the inner cavity of the main shaft, the transmission main shaft is provided with a plurality of cleaning devices, and the cleaning devices include a cleaning ball 33, a limit ball 34, a ball receiving spring 35, a sliding rod 36, and a The sliding hole on the main shaft wall, the sliding rod and the sliding hole are slidingly matched, the dirt ball and the limit ball are respectively connected to the two ends of the sliding rod, and the ball receiving spring is sleeved on the sliding rod and Between the limit ball and the inner side wall of the transmission main shaft, the dirt ball is in contact with the outer side wall of the transmission main shaft, and the inner shaft of the transmission is provided with a plurality of push plates 37 for pushing the limit ball, each limit ball The bit ball corresponds to a push paddle.

After incineration, a large amount of ash and mud scaling will be left in the incineration kiln and on the kiln wall. Due to the large size of the incineration kiln, it is difficult to disassemble and clean. After a long time, it is easy to cause too many hard blocks on the kiln wall. adversely affect subsequent use. At this time, the scaling motor can be started to drive the transmission inner shaft to rotate rapidly, and the transmission inner shaft drives the push plate to rotate at a high speed together, the push plate is pushed, the impact limit part moves outward, the ball receiving spring is compressed, and the scale ball leaves the transmission shaft , start to knock on the inner wall of the drying main cylinder, and at the same time, let the relatively slow-speed transmission spindle work and rotate, driving the slide bar to continuously change its position and orientation, so that each dirt ball can hit the inner wall of the drying main cylinder In many places, through direct knocking and indirect vibration, the scaling in the incineration kiln can be cleaned, a good follow-up working environment can be maintained, and the service life of the incineration kiln can be extended.

The cleaning device also includes an extended protection base 38, the extended protection base is connected to the inner wall of the drive shaft, the slide bar passes through the extension protection base, and the two ends of the ball receiving spring are respectively pressed to limit the position. For balls and extended protection bases, for the dirt balls and sliders belonging to the same dirt cleaning device, the vertical line between the center of the dirt ball and the axis of the drive shaft is 20 to 45 degrees from the slider horn.

The sliding bar is protected by extending the protective base, which can reduce its axis deflection and prevent its breakage. The sliding rod has a certain deflection angle, so it is possible to design a smaller spindle inner cavity under the premise of the same length of the sliding rod. In addition, during the recycling process, the fouling ball no longer strikes the transmission shaft vertically, and can disperse the vertical knocking force received in the radial direction of the transmission shaft to achieve the effect of protection.

Claims (10)

1. A plant ash production collection device is characterized in that it comprises an incineration kiln, a feeding device, a smoke cleaning device, and a material separation net: The incineration kiln has an incineration inner cavity, the incineration kiln is inclined and forms 10 to 60 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the incineration inner cavity is provided with a transmission main shaft driven by a main motor, and the transmission main shaft is There are a plurality of bulk material bodies for moving materials, and the incineration kiln is provided with an air inlet, a smoke outlet, a material inlet, and a material cleaning opening and closing door; The feeding device includes a feeding cylinder and a compression part. A feeding auger is provided in the feeding cylinder, and the compression part is connected between the feeding cylinder and the feeding port. The diameter of the compression part is from the feeding auger The direction from the dragon to the feed inlet gradually decreases; The smoke cleaning device includes an outer smoke exhaust channel and a sink. The outer smoke exhaust channel is connected to the smoke outlet. There are multiple shower heads on the upper side of the outer smoke exhaust channel. The direction of water spraying is from top to bottom. The outer smoke exhaust channel is connected with the sink; The material separating net is located between the air inlet and a bulk material body closest to the air inlet, and the material separating net is connected to the transmission main shaft; The bulk material body is in the shape of a rod, and a number of bulk material bodies close to the feeding port are provided with screw pusher pieces. 2. A plant ash production and collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, said smoke cleaning device also includes a smoke exhaust pipeline, and an exhaust pipe is formed between the inner wall of said smoke exhaust pipeline and the water surface of the sink. As for the final smoke exhaust channel, a plurality of sprayers are arranged in the final smoke exhaust channel, and the water source of the sprayers is a sink. 3. A plant ash production and collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air inlet is at the end of the incineration kiln close to the ground, the smoke outlet is at the end of the incineration kiln away from the ground, and the The air inlet is connected with a compressed air device, and the ash and fertilizer sinking tube is arranged between the smoke outlet and the smoke cleaning device, and the ash and fertilizer sinking tube is connected with the smoke outlet through a smoke outlet, and the ash and fertilizer sinking tube It is connected with the smoke cleaning device through a smoke pipe, and the diameter of the smoke cleaning device is 3 to 10 times the diameter of the smoke outlet pipe. 4. A kind of plant ash production collection device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the connecting portion of the described smoke outlet pipe and the ash and fertilizer sinking pipe is at the top of one end of the ash and fertilizer sinking pipe, and the smoke passing pipe and the The connecting part of the gray fertilizer sinking tube is located at the upper part of the nozzle at the other end of the gray fertilizer sinking tube, and the lower part of the gray fertilizer sinking tube is provided with a fertilizer unloading door. 5. A plant ash production and collection device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, a preheating cylinder is arranged in the described incineration kiln, and the described preheating cylinder communicates with the feed inlet, and the The preheating barrel is located at the end of the kiln away from the air inlet. 6. A plant ash production and collection device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that it also includes a raw material drying device, and the raw material drying device includes a centrifugal cylinder that can rotate along its own axis, The centrifuge cylinder is in the shape of a truncated cone with upper and lower openings, the upper opening of the centrifuge cylinder is the raw material inlet, and the lower opening is the raw material outlet. 7. A plant ash production and collection device according to claim 6, characterized in that, a heat drying cylinder is provided outside the centrifugal cylinder, and the inner wall of the heat drying cylinder, the upper and lower bottoms and the outer wall of the centrifugal cylinder A heat-dry chamber is formed, and the heat-dry chamber is provided with a heat supply port and a discharge port, and the two ends of a hot and humid air pipe are respectively connected with the heat supply port and the smoke-cleaning device. 8. A plant ash production and collection device according to claim 6, characterized in that, the inner wall of the heat drying cylinder is provided with a continuous, spiral inner partition, and the inner partition will The heat-drying chamber is divided into a continuous air channel, the starting port of the air channel is connected to the heat supply port, and the ending section of the air channel is connected to the discharge port. 9. A plant ash production and collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that it also includes a scaling motor, said transmission main shaft is provided with a main shaft inner cavity, and a transmission inner shaft coaxial with the transmission main shaft Extending into the inner cavity of the main shaft, one end of the transmission inner shaft is connected with the output shaft of the cleaning motor, and the other end is connected with the bearing of the inner shaft. There are multiple cleaning devices on the transmission main shaft. The fouling device includes a fouling ball, a limiting ball, a ball receiving spring, a sliding rod, and a sliding hole arranged on the wall of the transmission main shaft. The sliding rod and the sliding hole are slidably matched. It is connected with both ends of the sliding rod, the ball receiving spring is set on the sliding rod and is between the limit ball and the inner wall of the transmission spindle, the dirt-cleaning ball is in contact with the outer wall of the transmission spindle, and the transmission The inner shaft is provided with a plurality of push plates for pushing the limit ball, and each limit ball corresponds to a push plate. 10. A device for plant ash production and collection according to claim 1, characterized in that, the dirt removal device also includes an extended protective base, the extended protective base is connected to the inner wall of the main shaft of the rotor, and the sliding rod Through the extension protection base, the two ends of the ball receiving spring respectively press the limit ball and the extension protection base. For the scaling ball and the sliding rod belonging to the same scaling device, the center of the scaling ball and the rotor The vertical line of the spindle axis forms an angle of 20 to 45 degrees with the slide bar therein.