CN104576005A - Alternating current transformer - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种交流电流互感器，包括磁芯、初级绕组、第一次级绕组、第二次级绕组、增益放大单元、负载元件以及辅助直流激励电路；初级绕组、第一次级绕组以及第二次级绕组分别设置于磁芯上；初级绕组用于与被测电路连接；第一次级绕组串联增益放大单元后与第二次级绕组串联；第二次级绕组还与负载元件串联；辅助直流激励电路用于提供直流激励电流；直流激励电流用于产生磁场使得磁芯的工作磁感应强度在磁芯的饱和磁感应强度的五分之一至五分之四之间。上述交流电流互感器使得磁芯的磁导率升高，降低了交流电流互感器的转换误差，提高了交流电流互感器的精度。
The invention relates to an AC current transformer, comprising a magnetic core, a primary winding, a first secondary winding, a second secondary winding, a gain amplification unit, a load element and an auxiliary DC excitation circuit; the primary winding, the first secondary winding and The second secondary windings are respectively arranged on the magnetic core; the primary windings are used to connect with the circuit under test; the first secondary winding is connected in series with the gain amplifier unit and then connected in series with the second secondary winding; the second secondary winding is also connected in series with the load element The auxiliary DC excitation circuit is used to provide a DC excitation current; the DC excitation current is used to generate a magnetic field so that the working magnetic induction of the magnetic core is between one-fifth and four-fifths of the saturation magnetic induction of the magnetic core. The above AC current transformer increases the magnetic permeability of the magnetic core, reduces the conversion error of the AC current transformer, and improves the accuracy of the AC current transformer.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及互感器技术领域，特别是涉及一种交流电流互感器。The invention relates to the technical field of transformers, in particular to an AC current transformer.
背景技术Background technique
交流电流互感器是电测量仪表中的关键部件之一，其精度直接影响仪表整体的技术指标，因此要求交流电流互感器具有稳定性高、误差小等特点。传统的电子补偿式零磁通电流互感器，其原理框图如图1所示。电子补偿式零磁通电流互感器包括多绕组互感器1、高增益电子电路放大单元2以及负载电阻3。多绕组互感器1包括初级绕组N1、第一次级绕组N3以及第二次级绕组N2。其中，LS为初级绕组N1的等效励磁电感。高增益电子电路放大单元2的放大倍数为A，负载电阻3用于对二次电流进行采样，其电阻值为RL。I为被测初级电流，IS为励磁电流，I0为采样电流。The AC current transformer is one of the key components in the electrical measuring instrument, and its accuracy directly affects the overall technical indicators of the instrument. Therefore, the AC current transformer is required to have the characteristics of high stability and small error. The block diagram of the traditional electronically compensated zero-flux current transformer is shown in Figure 1. The electronically compensated zero-flux current transformer includes a multi-winding transformer 1 , a high-gain electronic circuit amplification unit 2 and a load resistor 3 . The multi-winding transformer 1 includes a primary winding N1, a first secondary winding N3 and a second secondary winding N2. Among them, L S is the equivalent excitation inductance of the primary winding N1. The amplification factor of the high-gain electronic circuit amplifying unit 2 is A, and the load resistor 3 is used for sampling the secondary current, and its resistance value is RL . I is the measured primary current, I S is the excitation current, and I 0 is the sampling current.
图2为图1中的电子补偿式零磁通电流互感器的磁感应强度B、互感器磁芯磁导率μ与磁场强度H的关系曲线图。传统的电子补偿式零磁通电流互感器工作在图2的1区域(零磁通)，其转换误差ε与负载电阻RL、放大倍数A及初级励磁电感LS等因素相关，可用式(1)、(2)表示：FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the magnetic induction B, the magnetic permeability μ of the magnetic core of the transformer, and the magnetic field intensity H of the electronically compensated zero-flux current transformer in FIG. 1 . The traditional electronically compensated zero-flux current transformer works in area 1 (zero flux) in Figure 2, and its conversion error ε is related to factors such as load resistance RL , magnification factor A, and primary excitation inductance LS . The available formula ( 1), (2) means:
式(2)中，Ae为互感器磁芯截面积，Le为互感器磁芯磁路长度。In formula (2), A e is the cross-sectional area of the transformer core, and L e is the length of the magnetic circuit of the transformer core.
由公式(1)可知，电子补偿式零磁通电流互感器的转换误差ε与负载电阻RL成正比，与放大倍数A、励磁电感LS成反比。为提高电流互感器的采样精度，传统电子补偿方式均是通过减小负载电阻RL以及提高放大倍数A来让互感器接近零磁通工作，即互感器工作区域由图2中的1向2转变。当互感器磁芯接近零磁通工作时，根据图2中磁导率μ与磁场强度H的关系曲线图可知，磁导率μ也随之降低。根据公式(2)可知，磁导率μ降低，励磁电感LS减小，转换误差增大，精度降低，这与减小负载电阻RL、提高增益放大倍数A采取措施形成矛盾关系。并且，出于对电子电路的稳定性以及取样信号信噪比的考虑，增益放大倍数A的提高及负载电阻RL的减小非常有限，故传统的基于电子补偿式的零磁通电流互感器仍存在较大转换误差，精度较低，使得采用这种方式的电流互感器在更高精度电测量领域应用受限。It can be seen from formula (1) that the conversion error ε of the electronically compensated zero-flux current transformer is proportional to the load resistance RL , and inversely proportional to the amplification factor A and the excitation inductance LS . In order to improve the sampling accuracy of the current transformer, the traditional electronic compensation method is to make the transformer work close to zero magnetic flux by reducing the load resistance RL and increasing the amplification factor A, that is, the working area of the transformer is from 1 to 2 in Figure 2 change. When the transformer core works close to zero magnetic flux, according to the relationship curve between the magnetic permeability μ and the magnetic field strength H in Figure 2, it can be seen that the magnetic permeability μ also decreases. According to the formula (2), it can be seen that the magnetic permeability μ decreases, the excitation inductance L S decreases, the conversion error increases, and the accuracy decreases, which forms a contradictory relationship with the measures taken to reduce the load resistance RL and increase the gain amplification factor A. Moreover, due to the consideration of the stability of the electronic circuit and the signal-to-noise ratio of the sampling signal, the improvement of the gain amplification factor A and the reduction of the load resistance RL are very limited, so the traditional zero-flux current transformer based on electronic compensation There are still large conversion errors and low precision, which limits the application of current transformers using this method in the field of higher precision electrical measurement.
发明内容Contents of the invention
基于此，有必要针对上述问题，提供一种高精度的交流电流互感器。Based on this, it is necessary to provide a high-precision AC current transformer to address the above problems.
一种交流电流互感器，包括磁芯、初级绕组、第一次级绕组、第二次级绕组、增益放大单元、负载元件以及辅助直流激励电路；所述初级绕组、所述第一次级绕组以及所述第二次级绕组分别设置于所述磁芯上；所述初级绕组用于与被测电路连接；所述第一次级绕组串联所述增益放大单元后与所述第二次级绕组串联；所述第二次级绕组还与所述负载元件串联；所述辅助直流激励电路用于提供直流激励电流；所述直流激励电流用于产生磁场使得所述磁芯的工作磁感应强度在所述磁芯的饱和磁感应强度的五分之一至五分之四之间。An AC current transformer, comprising a magnetic core, a primary winding, a first secondary winding, a second secondary winding, a gain amplification unit, a load element and an auxiliary DC excitation circuit; the primary winding, the first secondary winding And the second secondary winding is arranged on the magnetic core respectively; the primary winding is used to connect with the circuit under test; the first secondary winding is connected with the second secondary The windings are connected in series; the second secondary winding is also connected in series with the load element; the auxiliary DC excitation circuit is used to provide a DC excitation current; the DC excitation current is used to generate a magnetic field so that the working magnetic induction of the magnetic core is at Between one-fifth and four-fifths of the saturation magnetic induction of the magnetic core.
在其中一个实施例中，所述辅助电流激励电路包括直流激励源以及辅助绕组；所述直流激励源与所述辅助绕组形成回路；所述辅助绕组设置于所述磁芯上。In one of the embodiments, the auxiliary current excitation circuit includes a DC excitation source and an auxiliary winding; the DC excitation source and the auxiliary winding form a loop; and the auxiliary winding is arranged on the magnetic core.
在其中一个实施例中，所述直流激励源为直流恒流激励源。In one of the embodiments, the DC excitation source is a DC constant current excitation source.
在其中一个实施例中，所述辅助电流激励电路包括直流激励源；所述直流激励源与所述第一次级绕组并联。In one of the embodiments, the auxiliary current excitation circuit includes a DC excitation source; the DC excitation source is connected in parallel with the first secondary winding.
在其中一个实施例中，所述直流激励源为直流恒流激励源。In one of the embodiments, the DC excitation source is a DC constant current excitation source.
在其中一个实施例中，所述负载元件为负载电阻。In one of the embodiments, the load element is a load resistor.
在其中一个实施例中，所述增益放大单元的输入端与所述第一次级绕组连接，所述增益放大单元的输出端与所述第二次级绕组连接。In one embodiment, the input end of the gain amplification unit is connected to the first secondary winding, and the output end of the gain amplification unit is connected to the second secondary winding.
在其中一个实施例中，所述直流激励电流用于产生磁场使得所述磁芯工作在磁导率最大的位置处。In one of the embodiments, the direct current excitation current is used to generate a magnetic field so that the magnetic core works at a position with a maximum magnetic permeability.
上述交流电流互感器设置有辅助直流激励电路，辅助直流激励电路会提供直流激励电流。该直流激励电流会激励产生磁场从而使得磁芯的工作磁感应强度在磁芯饱和磁感应强度的五分之一至五分之四之间，使得磁芯的磁导率升高，降低了交流电流互感器的转换误差，提高了交流电流互感器的精度。The above-mentioned AC current transformer is provided with an auxiliary DC excitation circuit, and the auxiliary DC excitation circuit will provide a DC excitation current. The DC excitation current will excite and generate a magnetic field so that the working magnetic induction of the magnetic core is between one-fifth and four-fifths of the saturation magnetic induction of the magnetic core, which increases the magnetic permeability of the magnetic core and reduces the mutual inductance of the AC current. The conversion error of the transformer improves the accuracy of the AC current transformer.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为传统的电子补偿式零磁通电流互感器的原理框图；Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a traditional electronically compensated zero-flux current transformer;
图2为图1所示实施例中的电子补偿式零磁通电流互感器的磁感应强度B、磁芯磁导率μ与磁场强度H的关系曲线图；Fig. 2 is the graph of the relationship between magnetic induction B, magnetic core permeability μ and magnetic field strength H of the electronically compensated zero-flux current transformer in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1;
图3为一实施例中的交流电流互感器的原理框图；Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of an AC current transformer in an embodiment;
图4为另一实施例中的交流电流互感器的原理框图；Fig. 4 is the functional block diagram of the AC current transformer in another embodiment;
图5为一实施例中的交流电流互感器的磁感应强度B、磁芯磁导率μ与磁场强度H的关系曲线图。FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the magnetic induction B, the magnetic core permeability μ and the magnetic field H of an AC current transformer in an embodiment.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
一种交流电流互感器，包括磁芯、初级绕组、第一次级绕组、第二次级绕组、增益放大单元、负载元件以及辅助直流激励电路。初级绕组、第一次级绕组以及第二次级绕组分别设置于磁芯上。初级绕组用于与被测电路连接；第一次级绕组串联放大单元后与第二次级绕组串联。第二次级绕组还与负载元件串联。辅助直流激励电路用于提供直流激励电流。直流激励电流用于产生磁场使得磁芯的工作磁感应强度在磁芯的饱和磁感应强度的五分之一至五分之四之间。优选的，直流激励电流产生的磁场能够使得工作过程的磁芯获得最大的磁导率。An AC current transformer includes a magnetic core, a primary winding, a first secondary winding, a second secondary winding, a gain amplification unit, a load element and an auxiliary direct current excitation circuit. The primary winding, the first secondary winding and the second secondary winding are respectively arranged on the magnetic core. The primary winding is used to connect with the circuit under test; the first secondary winding is connected in series with the amplification unit and then connected in series with the second secondary winding. The second secondary winding is also connected in series with the load element. The auxiliary DC excitation circuit is used to provide DC excitation current. The DC excitation current is used to generate a magnetic field so that the working magnetic induction of the magnetic core is between one-fifth and four-fifths of the saturation magnetic induction of the magnetic core. Preferably, the magnetic field generated by the DC excitation current can make the magnetic core obtain the maximum magnetic permeability during the working process.
上述交流电流互感器在原有的电子补偿式零磁通电流互感器的基础上设置有辅助直流激励电路，辅助直流激励电路会提供直流激励电流。该直流激励电流会激励产生磁场从而使得磁芯的工作磁感应强度在磁芯饱和磁感应强度的五分之一至五分之四之间，从而使得磁芯的磁导率升高，降低了交流电流互感器的转换误差，提高了交流电流互感器的精度。The aforementioned AC current transformer is provided with an auxiliary DC excitation circuit on the basis of the original electronically compensated zero-flux current transformer, and the auxiliary DC excitation circuit will provide a DC excitation current. The DC excitation current will excite and generate a magnetic field so that the working magnetic induction of the magnetic core is between one-fifth and four-fifths of the saturation magnetic induction of the magnetic core, thereby increasing the magnetic permeability of the magnetic core and reducing the AC current. The conversion error of the transformer improves the accuracy of the AC current transformer.
图3为一实施例中的交流电流互感器，其包括磁芯210、初级绕组N1、第一次级绕组N3、第二次级绕组N2、增益放大单元220、负载元件230以及辅助直流激励电路240。3 is an AC current transformer in an embodiment, which includes a magnetic core 210, a primary winding N1, a first secondary winding N3, a second secondary winding N2, a gain amplification unit 220, a load element 230 and an auxiliary DC excitation circuit 240.
在本实施例中，初级绕组N1、第一次级绕组N3、第二次级绕组N2均设置于磁芯210上。第一次级绕组N3依次串联增益放大单元220、第二次级绕组N2后与负载元件230连接。增益放大单元220的输入端与第一次级绕组N3连接，增益放大单元220的输出端则与第二次级绕组N2连接。在本实施例中，负载元件230为负载电阻，其阻值为RL。增益放大单元220采用高增益电子电路放大单元，其放大倍数为A。增益放大单元220的放大倍数可以根据具体的工作电路以及精度要求进行设定。In this embodiment, the primary winding N1 , the first secondary winding N3 , and the second secondary winding N2 are all disposed on the magnetic core 210 . The first secondary winding N3 is connected in series with the gain amplifier unit 220 and the second secondary winding N2 in sequence, and then connected to the load element 230 . The input terminal of the gain amplification unit 220 is connected to the first secondary winding N3, and the output terminal of the gain amplification unit 220 is connected to the second secondary winding N2. In this embodiment, the load element 230 is a load resistor whose resistance is RL . The gain amplification unit 220 adopts a high-gain electronic circuit amplification unit, and its amplification factor is A. The amplification factor of the gain amplification unit 220 can be set according to specific working circuits and precision requirements.
辅助电流激励电路240包括直流激励源242以及辅助绕组N4。其中，直流激励源242为直流恒流激励源，用于提供恒定的直流激励电流Idc。辅助绕组N4设置于磁芯210上。直流激励电流Idc能够激励产生磁场从而使磁芯的工作磁感应强度B在磁芯饱和磁感应强度Bs(饱和磁感应强度又称饱和磁通密度，是指磁体被磁化到饱和状态时的磁感应强度)的1/5～4/5之间，此时磁芯工作在3区域。优选的，直流激励电流Idc能够激励产生磁场Hdc使得磁芯工作在磁导率最大的位置μm处，如图5所示。磁感应强度B在磁芯饱和磁感应强度Bs的1/5～4/5之间时，对应的磁芯的磁导率μ较高。而磁导率μ与转换误差ε之间的关系可以通过式(1)(2)进行表示：The auxiliary current excitation circuit 240 includes a DC excitation source 242 and an auxiliary winding N4. Wherein, the DC excitation source 242 is a DC constant current excitation source for providing a constant DC excitation current I dc . The auxiliary winding N4 is disposed on the magnetic core 210 . The DC excitation current I dc can excite and generate a magnetic field so that the working magnetic induction intensity B of the magnetic core is at the saturation magnetic induction intensity B s of the magnetic core (the saturation magnetic induction intensity is also called the saturation magnetic flux density, which refers to the magnetic induction intensity when the magnet is magnetized to a saturated state) Between 1/5 and 4/5 of , the magnetic core works in the 3 area at this time. Preferably, the DC excitation current Idc can excite and generate a magnetic field Hdc so that the magnetic core works at the position μm where the magnetic permeability is maximum, as shown in FIG. 5 . When the magnetic induction intensity B is between 1/5 and 4/5 of the saturation magnetic induction intensity B s of the magnetic core, the magnetic permeability μ of the corresponding magnetic core is relatively high. The relationship between the magnetic permeability μ and the conversion error ε can be expressed by formula (1) (2):
因此，当磁导率μ提高，对应的初级励磁电感LS提高，而初级励磁电感LS与转换误差ε呈反比，从而使得转换误差ε降低，提高了交流电流互感器的精度。Therefore, when the magnetic permeability μ increases, the corresponding primary excitation inductance L S increases, and the primary excitation inductance L S is inversely proportional to the conversion error ε, thereby reducing the conversion error ε and improving the accuracy of the AC current transformer.
此时，再通过减小负载电阻的阻值RL、提高增益放大单元220的放大倍数A来增加采样精度时，磁芯的工作区域由原来的3区域转向4区域，磁导率μ也随之提高，初级励磁电感LS提高，从而使得转换误差ε降低，进一步提高了交流电流互感器的精度，从而解决了传统电子补偿式零磁通电流互感器存在的减小负载电阻的阻值RL、提高放大倍数A时会引起磁导率μ降低的问题(图5中1区域和2区域为传统的电子补偿式零磁通电流互感器的工作区域)。At this time, when the sampling accuracy is increased by reducing the resistance value RL of the load resistor and increasing the amplification factor A of the gain amplification unit 220, the working area of the magnetic core changes from the original 3 areas to 4 areas, and the magnetic permeability μ also changes with the As a result, the primary excitation inductance L S increases, which reduces the conversion error ε, further improves the accuracy of the AC current transformer, and solves the problem of reducing the load resistance R of the traditional electronically compensated zero-flux current transformer. L. Increasing the magnification A will cause the problem that the magnetic permeability μ will decrease (areas 1 and 2 in Figure 5 are the working areas of the traditional electronically compensated zero-flux current transformer).
图4为另一实施例中的交流电流互感器的原理框图，包括磁芯310、初级绕组N1、第一次级绕组N3、第二次级绕组N2、增益放大单元320、负载元件330以及辅助直流激励电路340。4 is a functional block diagram of an AC current transformer in another embodiment, including a magnetic core 310, a primary winding N1, a first secondary winding N3, a second secondary winding N2, a gain amplification unit 320, a load element 330 and an auxiliary DC excitation circuit 340 .
在本实施例中，辅助直流激励电路340包括直流激励源。直流激励源与第一次级绕组N3并联。直流激励源为直流恒流激励源，用于提供恒定的直流激励电流Idc。直流激励电流Idc能够激励产生磁场从而使磁芯的工作磁感应强度B在磁芯饱和磁感应强度Bs的1/5～4/5之间，此时磁芯工作在3区域。优选的，直流激励电流Idc能够激励产生磁场Hdc使得磁芯工作在磁导率最大的位置μm处。In this embodiment, the auxiliary DC excitation circuit 340 includes a DC excitation source. The DC excitation source is connected in parallel with the first secondary winding N3. The DC excitation source is a DC constant current excitation source for providing a constant DC excitation current I dc . The DC excitation current I dc can excite and generate a magnetic field so that the working magnetic induction B of the magnetic core is between 1/5 and 4/5 of the saturation magnetic induction B s of the magnetic core. At this time, the magnetic core works in the 3 area. Preferably, the DC excitation current Idc can excite and generate a magnetic field Hdc so that the magnetic core works at the position μm where the magnetic permeability is maximum.
磁感应强度B在磁芯饱和磁感应强度Bs的1/5～4/5之间时，对应的磁芯的磁导率μ较高。当磁导率μ提高，对应的初级励磁电感LS提高，而初级励磁电感LS与转换误差ε呈反比，从而使得转换误差ε降低，提高了交流电流互感器的精度。此时，再通过减小负载电阻的阻值RL、提高增益放大单元220的放大倍数A来增加采样精度时，磁芯的工作区域由原来的3区域转向4区域，磁导率μ也随之提高，初级励磁电感LS随之提高，从而使得转换误差ε降低，进一步提高了交流电流互感器的精度，从而解决了传统电子补偿式零磁通电流互感器存在的减小负载电阻的阻值RL、提高放大倍数A时会引起磁导率μ降低的问题。When the magnetic induction intensity B is between 1/5 and 4/5 of the saturation magnetic induction intensity B s of the magnetic core, the magnetic permeability μ of the corresponding magnetic core is relatively high. When the magnetic permeability μ increases, the corresponding primary excitation inductance L S increases, and the primary excitation inductance L S is inversely proportional to the conversion error ε, thereby reducing the conversion error ε and improving the accuracy of the AC current transformer. At this time, when the sampling accuracy is increased by reducing the resistance value RL of the load resistor and increasing the amplification factor A of the gain amplification unit 220, the working area of the magnetic core changes from the original 3 areas to 4 areas, and the magnetic permeability μ also changes with the The improvement of the primary excitation inductance L S increases accordingly, which reduces the conversion error ε and further improves the accuracy of the AC current transformer, thus solving the problem of reducing the load resistance existing in the traditional electronically compensated zero-flux current transformer. When the value RL is increased and the magnification A is increased, the magnetic permeability μ will decrease.
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are not described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, should be considered as within the scope of this specification.
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the invention. It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent for the present invention should be based on the appended claims.
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