CN104543324A - Comprehensive utilization method of large yellow croaker roes - Google Patents
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- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N eicosapentaenoic acid Natural products CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种大黄鱼鱼卵的综合利用方法，属于水产品副产物高值化利用领域。该方法将大黄鱼鱼卵经均质冻干，采用超临界CO2萃取技术制备鱼卵鱼油，再采用超声波辅助手段从萃余物中提取高纯度磷脂，离心过滤得到的残渣，干燥制备得到高蛋白鱼蛋白粉产品。发明针对于大黄鱼鱼卵的综合利用问题，提供了一种大黄鱼鱼卵综合利用方法，得到高纯度的大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂和鱼卵蛋白粉，对提升大黄鱼鱼卵资源的高值化具有重要的经济效益。发明所用的基料是大黄鱼加工后的副产物―大黄鱼鱼卵，以它作原料来提取制备鱼油和磷脂，提高了大黄鱼资源的利用率，减少了对环境的污染，开拓了大黄鱼加工“零废弃”的途经。The invention relates to a method for comprehensive utilization of large yellow croaker roe, which belongs to the field of high-value utilization of by-products of aquatic products. In this method, large yellow croaker roe is homogeneously freeze-dried, and supercritical CO 2 extraction technology is used to prepare fish roe and fish oil, and then ultrasonic-assisted means is used to extract high-purity phospholipids from the raffinate, and the residue obtained by centrifugal filtration is dried to prepare high-purity phospholipids. Protein fish protein powder product. The invention aims at the problem of comprehensive utilization of large yellow croaker roe, and provides a method for comprehensive utilization of large yellow croaker roe to obtain high-purity large yellow croaker lecithin and fish roe protein powder, which is helpful for improving the high value of large yellow croaker roe resources have important economic benefits. The base material used in the invention is large yellow croaker roe, a by-product of large yellow croaker processing, which is used as a raw material to extract and prepare fish oil and phospholipids, which improves the utilization rate of large yellow croaker resources, reduces environmental pollution, and develops large yellow croaker. Process "zero waste" approach.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种大黄鱼鱼卵的综合利用方法，属于水产品副产物高值化利用领域。 The invention relates to a comprehensive utilization method of large yellow croaker roe, which belongs to the field of high-value utilization of by-products of aquatic products.
背景技术 Background technique
鱼卵是鱼类水产品加工过程中的主要副产物之一，约占鱼体总质量的10%-30%，主要的加工方式为制作成动物饲料或肥料，其他大部分直接丢弃，存在资源浪费、附加值低以及污染环境等问题。近几年来研究发现鱼卵富含蛋白质、必需氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、磷脂等多种有益营养物质，因此，如何充分有效利用鱼卵资源逐渐引起了人们的关注。利用鱼卵资源，不仅能够为消费者提供天然的营养成分，同时还能减少对环境的污染，最终提高企业的经济效益。 Fish roe is one of the main by-products in the processing of fish and aquatic products, accounting for about 10%-30% of the total mass of fish. The main processing method is to make animal feed or fertilizer, and most of the others are directly discarded. There are resources waste, low added value, and environmental pollution. In recent years, studies have found that fish eggs are rich in protein, essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids and other beneficial nutrients. Therefore, how to make full and effective use of fish eggs resources has gradually attracted people's attention. The use of fish roe resources can not only provide consumers with natural nutrients, but also reduce environmental pollution and ultimately improve the economic benefits of enterprises.
大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea）属鲈形目，石首鱼科，黄鱼属，俗名黄花鱼、黄瓜鱼、黄鱼等。作为我国八大优势出口养殖水产品之一，大黄鱼不仅肉质细嫩洁白、营养丰富，而且养殖区较集中。除在我国的浙江、广东等省有部分养殖外，大部分集中在福建的宁德和福州沿海地区，仅福建宁德地区年养殖产量就达6-7万t。目前，大黄鱼作为宁德地区主要创汇经济鱼类，除新鲜食用外，大部分采用干燥、腌渍、调味或冷冻等初加工制成产品，远销海内外。而大黄鱼生产加工副产物鱼卵目前尚未得到良好的开发和利用。因此，如何综合利用大黄鱼鱼卵已成为大黄鱼加工中一个关键技术环节，也是闽东地区大黄鱼加工行业函待解决的技术难题。 Large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) belongs to the order Perciformes, the family Scrotoaceae, and the genus Yellow croaker. Its common names are yellow croaker, cucumber fish, yellow croaker, etc. As one of my country's eight advantageous export farmed aquatic products, large yellow croaker is not only tender and white, rich in nutrition, but also has concentrated breeding areas. Except for some aquaculture in Zhejiang, Guangdong and other provinces in my country, most of them are concentrated in Ningde and Fuzhou coastal areas in Fujian. The annual aquaculture output in Ningde, Fujian alone reaches 60,000-70,000 tons. At present, large yellow croaker is the main foreign exchange-earning economic fish in the Ningde region. In addition to being eaten fresh, most of the large yellow croakers are processed into products such as drying, pickling, seasoning or freezing, and are sold at home and abroad. However, large yellow croaker production and processing by-product fish roe has not yet been well developed and utilized. Therefore, how to comprehensively utilize large yellow croaker roe has become a key technical link in large yellow croaker processing, and it is also a technical problem to be solved in the large yellow croaker processing industry in eastern Fujian.
大黄鱼鱼卵中鱼油占总质量的25%-30%，鱼油富含二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），是一种极具利用价值的天然-3脂肪酸来源产品。此外，大黄鱼鱼卵富含磷脂，而且其结构中含丰富的DHA或EPA等n-3多不饱和脂肪酸，生物活性较鱼油更有效，可减少冠心病、自身免疫病、高血压、恶性肿瘤、糖尿病和阿尔茨海默氏病等的发病率，提高婴幼儿大脑和视力等，并且生物利用率较高，能更好的被组织吸收。 Fish oil in large yellow croaker eggs accounts for 25%-30% of the total mass. Fish oil is rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It is a natural- 3 Fatty acid source products. In addition, large yellow croaker eggs are rich in phospholipids, and its structure is rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA or EPA. Its biological activity is more effective than that of fish oil, and it can reduce coronary heart disease, autoimmune disease, hypertension, and malignant tumors. , the incidence of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, etc., improve the brain and vision of infants, etc., and have a high bioavailability and can be better absorbed by tissues.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明针对大黄鱼鱼卵的综合利用问题，提供了一种大黄鱼鱼卵综合利用方法，得到鱼卵鱼油以及大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂和鱼卵蛋白粉，对提升大黄鱼鱼卵资源的高值化具有重要的经济效益。 Aiming at the problem of comprehensive utilization of large yellow croaker eggs, the present invention provides a method for comprehensive utilization of large yellow croaker eggs, and obtains fish egg oil, large yellow croaker lecithin and fish egg protein powder, which is helpful for improving the high value of large yellow croaker fish eggs resources has important economic benefits.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下： In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:
大黄鱼鱼卵经均质冻干，采用超临界CO2萃取技术制备鱼卵鱼油，再采用超声波辅助手段从萃余物中提取磷脂，离心得到的残渣，干燥制备得到鱼卵蛋白粉产品。 The large yellow croaker roe is homogeneously freeze-dried, the roe fish oil is prepared by supercritical CO 2 extraction technology, and the phospholipids are extracted from the raffinate by ultrasonic-assisted means, and the residue obtained by centrifugation is dried to prepare the roe protein powder product.
具体步骤如下： Specific steps are as follows:
（1）超临界CO2萃取鱼油： (1) Supercritical CO2 extraction of fish oil:
以均质冻干过筛后的大黄鱼鱼卵粉为原料，在温度35℃-45℃，压力25 MPa -35MPa，二氧化碳流量15L/h-30L/h的条件下萃取80min -100min，得到大黄鱼鱼油； Using homogeneous freeze-dried and sieved large yellow croaker roe powder as raw material, extracting for 80min-100min under the conditions of temperature 35°C-45°C, pressure 25MPa-35MPa, carbon dioxide flow rate 15L/h-30L/h, to obtain large yellow croaker fish oil;
（2）超声逆流提取： (2) Ultrasonic countercurrent extraction:
以超临界CO2萃余物为原料，加入90-95%乙醇，在超声功率为180W-250W、温度为35℃-50℃条件下超声逆流提取15min -35min； Using supercritical CO2 raffinate as raw material, add 90-95% ethanol, and conduct ultrasonic countercurrent extraction for 15min-35min under the condition of ultrasonic power of 180W-250W and temperature of 35°C-50°C;
（3）制备鱼卵蛋白粉和鱼卵磷脂 (3) Preparation of fish egg protein powder and fish lecithin
超声逆流提取后采用离心分离方法，得到的残渣经干燥得到鱼卵蛋白粉；上清液采用减压浓缩，得到鱼卵磷脂。 After the ultrasonic countercurrent extraction, centrifugation is adopted, and the obtained residue is dried to obtain fish egg protein powder; the supernatant is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain fish egg phospholipids.
本发明的特点：Features of the present invention:
本发明所用的基料是大黄鱼加工后的副产物―大黄鱼鱼卵，以它作原料来提取制备鱼油和磷脂，并最后得到鱼蛋白等营养价值高的产品，这些技术提高了大黄鱼资源的利用率，减少了对环境的污染，开拓了大黄鱼加工“零废弃”的途经。 The base material used in the present invention is large yellow croaker roe, a by-product of large yellow croaker processing, which is used as a raw material to extract and prepare fish oil and phospholipids, and finally obtain products with high nutritional value such as fish protein. These technologies have improved large yellow croaker resources. The utilization rate of large yellow croaker has been reduced, the pollution to the environment has been reduced, and the way of "zero waste" for large yellow croaker processing has been opened up.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
实施例1Example 1
以均质冻干过筛后的大黄鱼鱼卵粉为原料，在温度35℃，压力25MPa，二氧化碳流量15L/h的条件下萃取80min来制备大黄鱼鱼油产品，其得率为24.4%；以超临界二氧化碳萃取技术制备鱼油所得的萃余物为原料，采用超声波辅助提取其中的磷脂。在超声功率为180W、乙醇含水量为5%、超声温度为35℃下超声逆流提取15 min，提取液经离心分离，上清液减压浓缩制备大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂，其得率达10.5%。将离心得到的残渣，于50℃真空干燥，制备得产率为62.1%的高蛋白产品。 The homogeneous freeze-dried and sieved large yellow croaker roe powder was used as raw material, extracted for 80 minutes under the conditions of temperature 35°C, pressure 25MPa, and carbon dioxide flow rate 15L/h to prepare large yellow croaker fish oil, and the yield was 24.4%. The raffinate obtained from the preparation of fish oil by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology is used as raw material, and the phospholipids in it are extracted with the aid of ultrasonic waves. Ultrasonic countercurrent extraction was performed at 180W ultrasonic power, 5% ethanol water content, and 35°C ultrasonic temperature for 15 minutes. The extract was centrifuged, and the supernatant was concentrated under reduced pressure to prepare large yellow croaker lecithin, with a yield of 10.5%. . The centrifuged residue was vacuum-dried at 50°C to prepare a high-protein product with a yield of 62.1%.
实施例2Example 2
以均质冻干过筛后的大黄鱼鱼卵粉为原料，在温度40℃，压力30MPa，二氧化碳流量20L/h的条件下萃取90min，来制备大黄鱼鱼油产品，其得率为25.9%；以超临界二氧化碳萃取技术制备鱼油所得的萃余物为原料，采用超声波辅助提取其中的磷脂。在超声功率为210W、乙醇含水量为7%、超声温度为40℃下超声逆流提取20 min，提取液经离心分离，上清液减压浓缩制备大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂，其得率达9.7%；将离心得到的残渣，于50℃真空干燥，制备得产率为63.3%高蛋白产品。 Using homogeneous freeze-dried and sieved large yellow croaker roe powder as raw material, extracting for 90 minutes under the conditions of temperature 40°C, pressure 30MPa, and carbon dioxide flow rate 20L/h, to prepare large yellow croaker fish oil product, the yield rate is 25.9%; The raffinate obtained from fish oil prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology is used as raw material, and the phospholipids are extracted with the aid of ultrasonic waves. Ultrasonic countercurrent extraction was carried out under ultrasonic power of 210W, ethanol water content of 7%, and ultrasonic temperature of 40°C for 20 minutes. The extract was centrifuged, and the supernatant was concentrated under reduced pressure to prepare large yellow croaker lecithin, with a yield of 9.7%. ; The residue obtained by centrifugation was vacuum-dried at 50° C., and a high-protein product with a yield of 63.3% was prepared.
实施例3Example 3
以均质冻干过筛后的大黄鱼鱼卵粉为原料，在温度45℃，压力30MPa，二氧化碳流量20L/h的条件下萃取100min，来制备大黄鱼鱼油产品，其得率为23.4%；以超临界二氧化碳萃取技术制备鱼油所得的萃余物为原料，采用超声波辅助提取其中的磷脂。在超声功率为240W、乙醇含水量为8%、超声温度为50℃下超声逆流提取25 min，提取液经离心分离，上清液减压浓缩制备大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂，其得率达10.9%；将离心得到的残渣，于50℃真空干燥，制备得产率为63.1%高蛋白产品。 Using homogeneous freeze-dried and sieved large yellow croaker roe powder as raw material, extracting for 100 minutes under the conditions of temperature 45°C, pressure 30MPa, and carbon dioxide flow rate 20L/h, to prepare large yellow croaker fish oil product, the yield rate is 23.4%; The raffinate obtained from fish oil prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology is used as raw material, and the phospholipids are extracted with the aid of ultrasonic waves. Ultrasonic countercurrent extraction was performed at 240W ultrasonic power, 8% ethanol water content, and 50°C ultrasonic temperature for 25 minutes. The extract was centrifuged, and the supernatant was concentrated under reduced pressure to prepare large yellow croaker lecithin, with a yield of 10.9%. ; The residue obtained by centrifugation was vacuum-dried at 50°C to prepare a high-protein product with a yield of 63.1%.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104814384A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-05 | 福建岳海水产食品有限公司 | Rice flour containing large yellow croaker lecithin and protein and preparation method thereof |
| CN104855832A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-08-26 | 福建农林大学 | Larimichthys crocea roe protein-containing nutrition-intensified oatmeal food and preparation method thereof |
| CN106632459A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-05-10 | 山东省科学院生物研究所 | Method for preparing high-purity marine polyunsaturated fatty acid phospholipid by virtue of codfish viscera |
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| CN106632459B (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-06-01 | 山东省科学院生物研究所 | The method that high-purity marine products polyunsaturated fatty acid phosphatide is prepared using gadus internal organ |
| CN108440640A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-08-24 | 天津国际生物医药联合研究院 | A method of extraction sturgeon egg protein |
| CN108976295A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-12-11 | 大连工业大学 | A method of extracting livetin and grease simultaneously from rheum officinale fish-egg |
| CN108976295B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2023-06-06 | 大连工业大学 | Method for simultaneously extracting vitellin and grease from rheum officinale roe |
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