CN104542300B - 紫萁离体培养各阶段的培养基 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种紫萁离体培养各阶段的培养基,各阶段的培养基如下:①诱导孢子萌发较好的培养基为:1/2MS+2‑3%蔗糖琼脂培养基,②原叶体(配子体)增殖培养基配方MS+0.2‑0.6mg/L KT+1.0‑1.5mg/L IBA琼脂培养基。③诱导原叶体受精萌发孢子体配方为:MS液体培养基,④孢子体增殖较好的培养基为:MS+0.2‑0.6mg/L NAA+0.5‑1.0mg/L 6‑BA液体培养基。有益效果:提供繁殖各阶段的培养基配方,有助于提高紫萁的繁殖能力,高效简捷的培养方法有利于实现紫萁的规模化生产,无论对于企业还是农民,都有相当大的经济效益和社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蕨类植物的组织培养技术,尤其涉及紫萁离体培养各阶段的培养基。
背景技术
紫萁(Osmunda japonica Thunb)属于蕨类植物门,真蕨类,原始厚囊蕨纲,紫萁目,紫萁科,紫萁属的一种多年生草本植物,既是一种山野菜又是一种名贵中药材。贵州境内各县都有紫萁(薇菜)分布,老百姓每年春季采摘野生紫萁加工成薇菜干销售或食用,。紫萁中含有黄酮类、内酯类、甾酮类、多糖类、鞣质及氨基酸类成分。薇菜干富含蛋白质、氨基酸、纤维素、碳水化合物,以及钾、硅、镁、磷、铁、锌等营养成分,营养品质优良,可与金菜干、木耳、竹荪等名贵山珍食品媲美,是目前我国主销日本、韩国等地的一种名贵山野菜。紫萁的根茎及叶柄残基能清热解毒,止血杀虫,有小毒。利用紫萁为原材料提取有效成分用于医药用品及开发保健食品,符合当今世界食品营养学和预防医学的发展方向。但由于紫萁自然繁殖力低,大量的采掘野生蕨类资源作为母种,对于水土保持和野生资源的保护是不利的,限制了薇菜的规模化生产,因此,以孢子体为材料进行组织培养在紫萁规模化生产上有很大的发展和应用前景。
紫萁(薇菜),在其生活史中,要经历孢子体和配子体两个世代,其配子体有性生活世代的授精过程中需要水作为介质,用常规的离体培养方法很难获得成功,本发明根据蕨类植物的这一特点,探索出一套紫萁(薇菜)离体培养的组合配方。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种紫萁离体培养各阶段的培养基,以孢子体为材料进行组织培养,克服紫萁自然繁殖力低,限制了薇菜的规模化生产,为紫萁规模化生产提供技术条件。
具体各阶段的培养基如下:
1)诱导孢子体萌发形成原叶体培养基配方:
1/2MS+2-3%蔗糖琼脂培养基。
2)原叶体(配子体)增殖培养基配方:
MS+0.2-0.6mg/L KT+1.0-1.5mg/L IBA 琼脂培养基。
3)诱导原叶体受精萌发孢子体配方:
MS液体培养基。
4 )孢子体增殖培养基配方:
MS+0.2-0.6mg/L NAA+0.5-1.0mg/L 6-BA液体培养基。
本技术方案的有益效果:提供繁殖各阶段的培养基配方,有助于提高紫萁的繁殖能力,高效简捷的培养方法有利于实现紫萁的规模化生产,无论对于企业还是农民,都有相当大的经济效益和社会效益。
具体实施方式
下面由具体实施例说明
采集不同成熟度植株数株,分别剪取不同成熟度的紫萁的孢子囊穗,将其用洗衣粉浸泡5min,洗去表面灰尘,再用自来水冲洗30min,无菌条件下,用75%的酒精消毒60s,无菌水冲洗3次,再用0.1%的升汞溶液灭菌8min,无菌水冲洗4~5次,再用无菌吸水纸吸干表面水分,切成0.5cm长的小段,然后将其接种于孢子萌发培养基中。
诱导孢子体萌发形成原叶体
诱导孢子体萌发形成原叶体的培养基以MS培养基为基本培养基,MS分为1/4、1/2、1三个水平浓度,蔗糖分为2%、3%两个水平(见表1),接种材料紫萁孢子囊穗成熟度分为嫩绿色的幼苗、深绿色的壮苗和褐色的老苗三个水平,分别记为成熟度Ⅰ、成熟度Ⅱ、成熟度Ⅲ,接入1个0.5cm长的孢子囊穗段,放入培养室培养。观察统计存活率,并结合成活率与生长状态,筛选出较好的培养基配方。
表1 诱导孢子体萌发的培养基配方
将孢子萌发形成的原叶体接种于MS+0.5mg/L KT+1.5mg/L IBA的培养基中,放入培养室进行原叶体增殖培养。
原叶体诱导受精萌发孢子体
将已增殖的原叶体取出放入装有MS液体培养基的无菌三角瓶中,在摇床上分别振荡5min、10min、30min,然后分别取适量的原叶体接入装有棉花的无菌培养瓶中,再倒入20ml的MS液体培养基于无菌培养瓶中,放入培养室培养。每个处理接种20瓶,共三次重复。在一个半月和三个半月时分别记录每个培养瓶中配子体的诱导与发育情况,以筛选出诱导原叶体受精萌发孢子体的最佳振荡时间与培养时间。
孢子体的增殖
孢子体增殖的培养基配方为MS+NAA+6-BA,NAA分为0mg/L、0.1mg/L、0.5mg/L三个水平,6-BA分为0.1mg/L、0.5mg/L、1.0mg/L三个水平,共9个处理(见表2),每个处理15瓶,每瓶4株苗,三次重复。放入培养室培养。观察统计,计算成活率、出苗数,结合生长状态,筛选出孢子体增殖较好的培养基配方。
表2 孢子体增殖过程的培养基配方
培养条件
培养室温度控制在25±1℃,光照时间为12h/d,光照强度2500lx。
结论
比较不同配比的MS培养基、不同蔗糖浓度、激素浓度对紫萁离体培养的影响情况,以筛选出适合紫萁苗增殖扩繁的各阶段的培养基配方。结果表明:诱导孢子萌发较好的培养基为: 1/2MS+2-3%蔗糖琼脂培养基,糖浓度对孢子萌发影响较大,在2%~3%范围内较合适,低于2%和高出4%,孢子萌发率明显降低。有研究表明,在紫萁配子体的诱导培养实验中,常规是将增殖后的原叶体取出, 置于烧杯中捣碎加水搅拌, 再均匀地接种于继代培养基(固体培养基)上, 捣碎的原叶体切口处又可长出新的原叶体。本实验使用的是液体培养基,其操作流程较固体培养基而言要更简捷一些。孢子体增殖较好的培养基为:MS+0.2-0.6mg/L NAA+0.5-1.0mg/L 6-BA液体培养基。另有相关文献记载:培养基1/8MS、1/2MS、MS+1.0mg/L NAA+0.5mg/L 6-BA,可促进孢子体生根。这一结论与本发明的结果一同证实,NAA/6-BA为一定比值时,对植物生长是有利的, NAA/6-BA的值为1/2时,最有利于配子体增殖;NAA/6-BA的值为2时,最有利于孢子体生根。
Claims (1)
1.一种紫萁离体培养各阶段的培养基,其特征在于,具体各阶段的培养基如下:
1)诱导孢子体萌发形成原叶体培养基配方:
1/2MS +2-3%蔗糖琼脂培养基;
2)原叶体即配子体增殖培养基配方:
MS+0.2-0.6mg/L KT+1.0-1.5mg/L IBA 琼脂培养基;
3)诱导原叶体受精萌发孢子体配方:
MS液体培养基;
4 )孢子体增殖培养基配方:
MS+0.2-0.6mg/L NAA+0.5-1.0mg/L 6-BA液体培养基。
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CN1413452A (zh) * | 2002-09-11 | 2003-04-30 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | 紫萁的快速繁殖方法 |
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CN101133704A (zh) * | 2007-09-28 | 2008-03-05 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | 鹿角蕨的无菌孢子萌发和试管育苗方法 |
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