CN104533520A - Tunnel arch crown settlement and peripheral convergence monitoring method - Google Patents
Tunnel arch crown settlement and peripheral convergence monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104533520A CN104533520A CN201410717505.XA CN201410717505A CN104533520A CN 104533520 A CN104533520 A CN 104533520A CN 201410717505 A CN201410717505 A CN 201410717505A CN 104533520 A CN104533520 A CN 104533520A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000013102 re-test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C7/00—Tracing profiles
- G01C7/06—Tracing profiles of cavities, e.g. tunnels
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种监控隧道拱顶沉降和周边收敛的方法，通过安装无弹性变形的绳索，一端固定于隧道断面一端拱脚、另一端系于标定后的电子弹簧秤上，该弹簧秤位于隧道断面另一端拱脚上，中间部分绳索穿过隧道圆拱；在监控开始时，首先预加一个初始力、使得电子弹簧秤上的读书有一个初始读数，拉动绳索，使得弹簧秤上的初始读数趋于稳定，并做记录，重复上述步骤，在多个断面布设相同方式监控措施，在隧道施工时，持续观测电子弹簧秤的读书，如有读数发生变化，暂停施工，再利用全钻仪或者3D激光扫描仪对隧道截面进行复测，发现问题及时处理。本发明装置简单、免模型预测、计算量小、无技术难度、便于工人及时发现危险状况。
The invention provides a method for monitoring tunnel vault settlement and peripheral convergence. By installing a non-elastically deformable rope, one end is fixed to the arch foot at one end of the tunnel section, and the other end is tied to a calibrated electronic spring balance. The spring balance is located at the tunnel section. On the arch foot at the other end, the middle part of the rope passes through the tunnel arch; at the beginning of monitoring, first pre-apply an initial force to make the reading on the electronic spring scale have an initial reading, and pull the rope to make the initial reading on the spring scale tend to be stable , and make records, repeat the above steps, and deploy the same monitoring measures in multiple sections. During tunnel construction, continuously observe the readings of the electronic spring scale. If the readings change, suspend the construction, and then use the full drilling instrument or 3D laser scanner Retest the tunnel section, and deal with any problems found in time. The invention has the advantages of simple device, free model prediction, small amount of calculation, no technical difficulty, and is convenient for workers to discover dangerous conditions in time.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于监控量测领域，尤其涉及一种监控隧道拱顶沉降和周边收敛的方法。The invention belongs to the field of monitoring and measuring, in particular to a method for monitoring tunnel vault settlement and peripheral convergence.
背景技术Background technique
隧道等地下工程施工由于其隐蔽性、不确定性和多变化性等特点，施工难度大，易造成各种各样的工程质量事故，严重地影响了工程施工进度和工程质量，施工监控量测目的是及时监测掌握工程结构的应力应变情况，进行信息化处理，指导工程施工，确保施工安全及结构的长期稳定性，验证支护结构效果，积累量测数据，为信息化设计与施工提供依据。Due to the characteristics of concealment, uncertainty and variability, the construction of underground projects such as tunnels is difficult to construct, and it is easy to cause various engineering quality accidents, which seriously affects the construction progress and quality of the project. Construction monitoring and measurement The purpose is to monitor and grasp the stress and strain of the engineering structure in a timely manner, carry out information processing, guide the construction of the project, ensure construction safety and long-term stability of the structure, verify the effect of the support structure, accumulate measurement data, and provide a basis for information design and construction .
在隧道施工中，监控量测最重要的任务就是及时、准确地监测围岩的变形财情况，进行监控量测数据分析，提早做出预警预报，尽早采取必要措施，避免事故的发生。In tunnel construction, the most important task of monitoring measurement is to timely and accurately monitor the deformation of the surrounding rock, analyze the monitoring measurement data, make early warnings and forecasts, and take necessary measures as soon as possible to avoid accidents.
尽管隧道施工监控量测工作在我国开展有一些年了，但是总体而言，在具体施工中其实施与应用都还很不完善。监控量测工作的发展主要表现在监测仪器与监测方法的不断更新进步。当前应用于监控量测的主要仪器包括：水准仪、全站仪、钢挂尺、收敛计和适应于不同材料的压力盒、应变应力计等等。这些仪器的应用在硬件条件上就保证了监控量测工作的准确性，提高了监控量测的可操作性、适应性、稳定性和精度。但是水准仪、钢挂尺、收敛计都由于测量精度不高，受隧道施工影响较大，涉及器材较多，易对隧道造成施工阻碍，且数据存储、传输、处理、分析等工作量大，工程应用不便。Although tunnel construction monitoring and measurement work has been carried out in our country for some years, in general, its implementation and application in specific construction are still far from perfect. The development of monitoring and measurement work is mainly reflected in the continuous updating and progress of monitoring instruments and monitoring methods. The main instruments currently used in monitoring and measurement include: levels, total stations, steel hanging rulers, extensometers, pressure cells adapted to different materials, strain gauges, etc. The application of these instruments guarantees the accuracy of monitoring and measurement work in terms of hardware conditions, and improves the operability, adaptability, stability and precision of monitoring and measurement. However, due to the low measurement accuracy of level gauges, steel hanging rulers, and convergence gauges, they are greatly affected by tunnel construction and involve many equipment, which are likely to cause obstacles to tunnel construction, and the workload of data storage, transmission, processing, and analysis is heavy. Inconvenient application.
目前在大多数的隧道施工监控量测中技术人员都采用全站仪进行。相比其他三种仪器，全站仪具有精度高、施测方便、数据传输方便等优点。并且全站仪可以直接与计算机连接，在友好的计算机操作系统中，可以实现监测数据的自动传输、处理、分析。全站仪的应用使得隧道监控量测工作迈上了一个新台阶，另外国内率先应用了3D激光扫描仪进行监控量测工作，在监控量测仪器的更新发展上做出了新的探索。但无论是采用全钻仪还是3D激光扫描仪都存在仪器设备昂贵、监控速度慢，监控滞后等缺点。At present, technicians use total stations in most tunnel construction monitoring and measurement. Compared with the other three instruments, the total station has the advantages of high precision, convenient measurement, and convenient data transmission. And the total station can be directly connected with the computer, and in the friendly computer operating system, the automatic transmission, processing and analysis of monitoring data can be realized. The application of the total station has brought the tunnel monitoring and measurement work to a new level. In addition, the first application of 3D laser scanners for monitoring and measurement in China has made new explorations in the update and development of monitoring and measuring instruments. However, no matter whether the full drilling instrument or the 3D laser scanner is used, there are disadvantages such as expensive equipment, slow monitoring speed, and monitoring lag.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提出了一种监控隧道拱顶沉降和周边收敛的方法，目的是找到一种简便、经济、有效、能够及时监控隧道拱顶和周边瞬间变换的监控方法。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a method for monitoring tunnel vault settlement and surrounding convergence. The purpose is to find a monitoring method that is simple, economical, effective, and capable of timely monitoring tunnel vault and surrounding instantaneous changes.
本发明是这样实现的，一种监控隧道拱顶沉降和周边收敛的方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention is achieved in this way, a method for monitoring tunnel vault settlement and peripheral convergence, comprising the following steps:
(1)将无弹性变形的绳索一端固定于隧道断面一端拱脚、另一端系于标定后的电子弹簧秤上，该弹簧秤位于隧道断面另一端拱脚上；所述绳索中间部分穿过悬挂钉于隧道圆拱的圆环上；(1) One end of the non-elastically deformable rope is fixed to the arch foot at one end of the tunnel section, and the other end is tied to the calibrated electronic spring scale, which is located on the arch foot at the other end of the tunnel section; the middle part of the rope passes through the hanging nail on the On the rings of the tunnel arches;
(2)在监控开始时，首先对绳索预加一个初始力使得电子弹簧秤上的读数有一个初始读数，然后拉动绳索，使得弹簧秤上的初始读数趋于稳定，并做记录；(2) At the beginning of monitoring, first pre-add an initial force to the rope so that the reading on the electronic spring scale has an initial reading, then pull the rope to make the initial reading on the spring scale tend to be stable, and make a record;
(3)在隧道纵向的多个断面上分别重复实施上述步骤(1)和(2)；(3) repeatedly implement above-mentioned steps (1) and (2) respectively on multiple longitudinal sections of the tunnel;
(4)在隧道施工时，持续观测电子弹簧秤的读书，如有读数发生变化，暂停施工，再利用全钻仪或者3D激光扫描仪对隧道截面进行复测，及时发现问题并处理。(4) During tunnel construction, continuously observe the reading of the electronic spring scale. If the reading changes, suspend the construction, and then use the full drilling instrument or 3D laser scanner to re-test the tunnel section to find and deal with problems in time.
优选地，所述隧道圆拱包括拱顶、隧道周围围堰以及衬砌。Preferably, the tunnel arch includes a vault, a cofferdam around the tunnel and a lining.
优选地，在步骤(4)中，所述施工包括隧道开挖、拱顶注浆、衬砌修补。Preferably, in step (4), the construction includes tunnel excavation, vault grouting, and lining repair.
相比于现有技术的缺点和不足，本发明具有以下有益效果：本发明装置简单、免模型预测、计算量小、无技术难度、便于工人及时发现危险状况。Compared with the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention has a simple device, avoids model prediction, has a small amount of calculation, has no technical difficulty, and is convenient for workers to discover dangerous situations in time.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明监控隧道拱顶沉降和周边收敛的方法的原理结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of the method for monitoring tunnel vault settlement and peripheral convergence according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
一种监控隧道拱顶沉降和周边收敛的方法，如图1所示，包括以下步骤：A method for monitoring tunnel vault settlement and perimeter convergence, as shown in Figure 1, comprising the following steps:
(1)将无弹性变形的绳索一端固定于隧道断面一端拱脚监控点A，另一端系于标定后的电子弹簧秤上，该弹簧秤位于隧道断面另一端拱脚监控点E；所述绳索中间部分穿过悬挂钉于拱顶监控点C和隧道周围围堰监控点B、D(或衬砌)上的圆环上，上述中间部分监控点可以根据现场情况进行加密布设；(1) One end of the rope without elastic deformation is fixed on the monitoring point A of the arch foot at one end of the tunnel section, and the other end is tied to the calibrated electronic spring balance, which is located at the monitoring point E of the arch foot at the other end of the tunnel section; the middle part of the rope Pass through the hanging nails on the rings on the monitoring point C of the vault and the monitoring points B and D (or lining) of the cofferdam around the tunnel. The above-mentioned monitoring points in the middle part can be densely arranged according to the site conditions;
(2)在监控开始时，首先对绳索预加一个初始力使得电子弹簧秤上的读数有一个初始读数，然后拉动绳索，使得弹簧秤上的初始读数趋于稳定，并记录初始读数；(2) At the beginning of monitoring, first pre-add an initial force to the rope so that the reading on the electronic spring scale has an initial reading, then pull the rope to make the initial reading on the spring scale tend to be stable, and record the initial reading;
(3)在隧道纵向的多个断面上分别重复实施上述步骤(1)和(2)，布设多道监控装置，间隔间距可以根据现场情况设置为2～4米；(3) Repeat the above steps (1) and (2) on multiple sections in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and deploy multiple monitoring devices, and the intervals can be set to 2 to 4 meters according to the site conditions;
(4)在隧道进行开挖、拱顶注浆、衬砌修补等施工时，持续观测电子弹簧秤的读数，如有读数发生变化，暂停施工，再利用全钻仪或者3D激光扫描仪对隧道截面进行复测，及时发现问题并处理。(4) During tunnel excavation, vault grouting, lining repair, etc., continuously observe the readings of the electronic spring scale. If the readings change, suspend the construction, and then use the full drilling instrument or 3D laser scanner to carry out the tunnel section inspection. Retest, find problems and deal with them in time.
本发明利用隧道拱顶沉降和周边收敛时隧道截面的几何形状会发生改变这一事实为基础，通过将简单几何原理应用到隧道施工过程中进行监控隧道拱顶沉降和周边收敛中来，设计巧妙、装置简单、免模型预测、计算量小、无技术难度、便于工人及时发现危险状况。The present invention utilizes the fact that the geometric shape of the tunnel section will change when the tunnel vault settles and the perimeter converges, and applies simple geometric principles to monitor the tunnel vault settlement and perimeter convergence during tunnel construction. The design is ingenious , The device is simple, free of model prediction, small amount of calculation, no technical difficulty, convenient for workers to find dangerous situations in time.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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| CN109489623A (en) * | 2018-11-24 | 2019-03-19 | 上海勘察设计研究院(集团)有限公司 | A method of using three-dimensional laser scanner measurement bridge approach differential settlement |
| CN109505658A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-22 | 云南航天工程物探检测股份有限公司 | Tunnel monitoring and pre-warning system and method based on vault sinking and perimeter convergence |
| CN109882242A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-06-14 | 青岛理工大学 | Traffic tunnel vault collapse rapid identification method |
| CN112539733A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-23 | 沈阳达能电安全高新产业技术研究院有限公司 | Tunnel settlement monitoring device and tunnel settlement monitoring method |
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