CN104475496B - The aligning method of a kind of thick axle part and equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and equipment for straightening thick shaft parts, the method mainly uses a chuck to apply an axial load force to the straightened shaft during the straightening process of the thick shaft parts, and is clamped during the clamping process of the chuck The bending deformation of the holding end is straightened; under the action of the axial load force, the straightening load force is applied to the split reverse bending straightening die through the hydraulic cylinder, so that the bending deformation of the shaft body is equal to the axial load force and the straightening load force Straightening under the joint action. The tension reverse bending straightening method and equipment adopted in the present invention reduce the amount of rebound after bending straightening, reduce the straightening force required for reverse bending straightening, and reduce the bending detection system and straightening displacement of the straightening equipment The analysis and calculation control system can realize one-time straightening of multiple bending deformations of the shaft body, the process is simple, and the straightening efficiency is high; it is suitable for the cold and hot straightening process of steps such as train shafts, automobile drive shafts, and thick shaft parts of polished rods .

Description

Alignment method and equipment for thick shaft parts

technical field

The invention relates to a method and equipment for straightening thick shaft parts after forging or heat treatment, especially for cold and hot straightening methods and equipment for thick shaft parts such as train shafts and automobile drive shafts and polished rods.

Background technique

The shaft is an important mechanical part that supports other rotating parts and transmits torque. Its manufacturing precision directly affects the stability of mechanical movement. Shaft parts will be bent and deformed after forging and heat treatment, and the bending and deformation will lead to a large amount of subsequent processing and waste materials. In order to reduce the bending deformation of shaft parts after forging and heat treatment, a straightening process is usually added. The commonly used straightening processes according to the material and deformation characteristics include extension method, stretching method and three-point bending method. The stretching method is often used to level flat parts, the stretching method is mainly used for straightening various profiles and wires, and the three-point bending is mainly used for straightening tubes, rods and shaft parts.

For thick shaft parts, the three-point bending process is usually used for straightening. Before straightening, the bending deformation of the shaft is measured by the detection device to determine the position of the fulcrum and the indenter, and determine the depression of the indenter. The whole straightening process is complicated, the production efficiency is low, and the straightening deformation and springback are large.

The existing straightening equipment for shaft parts is basically based on the three-point bending process. Straightening equipment usually includes bending detection device, straightening device, straightening control platform and transmission device, etc. The alignment accuracy depends on the detection accuracy of the detection device and the control accuracy of the alignment control system.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a straightening method and equipment for thick-shaft parts with simple process, small straightening springback and high straightening efficiency. The invention mainly adopts a tension reverse bending straightening method, and designs a tension reverse bending straightening device based on the method.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The straightening device of the present invention mainly includes a frame, a clamping mechanism, a rotation positioning mechanism, a straightening mechanism, a hydraulic pressure and a control system. The rack mainly includes a base, a bracket, and a guide rail. The base is fixed on the ground through anchor bolts, the guide rails are laid on both sides of the upper surface of the base, the brackets on both sides are installed on the base through the guide rails, and the brackets on both sides are connected with the clamping mechanism. The clamping mechanism mainly includes an annular oil cylinder, chucks and movable wedges, which are respectively fixed on the two side brackets on the guide rail. The chuck is a cylinder with a cavity inside, and a tapered through hole corresponding to the guide rail is provided on the cylinder, and the small diameter holes of the two chucks are installed opposite to each other, and the outer surface of the two chucks is axially opposite. Lugs. In the tapered cavity of the chuck, there is a slope corresponding to the outer side and a movable wedge corresponding to the shoulder of the shaft end to be aligned on the inner side. The movable wedge is connected to the outer end of the piston of the annular oil cylinder through a hinge. The movable wedge is replaced only in diameter according to the shape of the clamping end of the shaft to be straightened, and the inner end of the piston of the annular oil cylinder is located in the rodless annular groove of the annular oil cylinder. The side walls of the annular groove are respectively provided with oil inlet and outlet holes on both sides of the opening and the bottom. The annular oil cylinders are respectively fixed on the corresponding chucks through flanges. The rotary positioning mechanism mainly includes: hydraulic top, rotary mechanism and spring. A hydraulic top is provided in the center slot of the above-mentioned annular oil cylinder, and a slider corresponding to the cross section of the center slot is arranged in the middle, and a coaxial top column is vertically fixed on one end surface of the slider. There is a thimble, a spring is set outside the top column, and a spring cover is provided on the opening of the central slot hole; the other end surface of the slider is connected to one end of the connecting rod, and the connecting rod passes through the central through hole at the bottom of the groove and is located outside the annular oil cylinder. The other end of the tank is connected with the rotating mechanism, and an oil inlet and outlet connected with the oil inlet and outlet pipes are also provided at the center of the bottom of the tank. A straightening mold mechanism is arranged between the two chucks, which mainly includes: a straightening mold, a connecting rod, a hydraulic cylinder A and a hydraulic cylinder B. The hydraulic cylinder A is respectively connected to the outer lugs of the chucks on both sides. The straightening mold is two split reverse bending straightening molds symmetrical to the axis. The cavity of the straightening mold is an arc surface, and the radius of curvature of the arc surface is It is equal to the standard radius of the shaft to be straightened. The split reverse bending straightening mold is replaced according to the difference of the shaft to be straightened. Each of them is hinged with one end of the connecting rod through a pin shaft, and the other end of the two connecting rods is connected with the same hydraulic cylinder B. The two ends are connected, and the hydraulic cylinder B is fixed on the frame. A fulcrum is respectively arranged in the middle part of the above-mentioned two connecting rods, and the fulcrum is fixed on the frame through lugs. The control transmission system mainly includes a hydraulic transmission system and an electrical control system. The hydraulic transmission system mainly consists of a pump station, a fuel tank, a valve group, and pipelines. The pump station is connected to the hydraulic cylinder A, hydraulic cylinder B and The oil inlet and outlet holes of the annular oil cylinder are connected to each other respectively.

The method of the present invention is mainly to apply an axial load to the shaft to be aligned, and at the same time apply a reverse bending straightening force to the body of the shaft to be aligned, so as to straighten the bending deformation of the shaft to be aligned.

Specific steps are as follows:

1. Start the hydraulic cylinder A to push the chuck, the annular oil cylinder, the movable wedge, and the hydraulic tip located in the annular oil cylinder, the rotating mechanism and the spring to move to both sides on the base along the guide rail until the distance between the two chucks on the left and right is greater than that to be aligned The shaft length stops; the shaft to be straightened (hereinafter referred to as the shaft) is sent between the left and right chucks of the straightening equipment (hereinafter referred to as the equipment), and at the same time, oil is supplied to the hydraulic top slider through the oil inlet and outlet holes of the annular oil cylinder. The spring is compressed under pressure, securing the shaft between the two hydraulic tips.

2. The hydraulic cylinder A drives the chuck, the annular oil cylinder, and the movable wedge to move toward each other along the guide rail to the set position and stops, and the two ends of the shaft are included in the movable wedge in the hydraulic chuck, and the oil is discharged from the oil hole of the annular oil cylinder. Go, the hydraulic top 9 returns under the action of the spring 11.

3. Supply oil to the oil inlet of the rodless annular groove of the annular oil cylinder, and the annular oil cylinder exerts a force F ₁ on the piston, and pushes the movable wedge to move inwardly along the inner surface of the chuck through the hinge, so the shaft is clamped by the movable wedge. At the same time, the bending deformation of the clamping end is corrected.

4. The hydraulic cylinder A exerts an outward axial force F ₂ on the chuck. Under the action of this force, the chuck applies an axial load F ₂ to the shaft through the movable wedge, so that a force less than the yield stress is generated in the longitudinal section of the shaft. tensile stress.

5. Keep the axial load F ₂ , start the hydraulic cylinder B to push the split-flap reverse bending and straightening mold to move through the connecting rod. The reverse bending straightening die clamps the shaft under the action of the hydraulic cylinder B, and applies a reverse bending straightening force F ₃ to the shaft body to correct the bending deformation of the shaft body.

6. When the force F ₂ and F ₃ are removed, the hydraulic cylinder B drives the reverse bending straightening mold back through the connecting rod, and supplies oil to the hydraulic top through the oil inlet and outlet holes of the annular oil cylinder. The hydraulic top compresses the spring under the action of the liquid pressure and fixes the shaft on the Between the hydraulic tops on both sides of the equipment; oil is supplied to the oil inlet hole of the annular groove of the ring cylinder, which drives the movable wedge to move to both sides and loosen the clamping end of the shaft; the rotary mechanism drives the shaft to rotate 90° through the hydraulic top , repeat the above steps 1-5 to straighten the bending deformation of the shaft in each plane along the axial direction.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. In this invention, during the straightening process of thick shaft parts, the axial tension is pre-applied to the straightening shaft through the hydraulic chuck, and the straightening shaft is once aligned through the straightening mold under the action of tension. During the straightening process, the axial tension is applied to the straightening shaft, which greatly reduces the straightening force required in the bending straightening process, and can effectively reduce the springback after bending straightening. The straightening mold is used to clamp the shaft to be straightened, omitting the complex detection and analysis control system of the three-point bending straightening process, which can realize the straightening of multi-bending shafts at one time and improve the straightening efficiency.

2. The tension reverse bending straightening method and equipment described in the present invention do not require the bending detection system required by the straightening equipment and the displacement analysis and control system of the straightening head, which reduces the cost of the equipment; by replacing the movable wedge and split The reverse bending straightening mold can realize the straightening process of multi-standard shaft parts, and the compatibility of equipment is good. One-time straightening of multi-bending shafts is realized, the process is simple, and the straightening efficiency is high. It is suitable for cold and hot automatic straightening of steps, polished rods and thick shaft parts.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional front view of steps 1, 2, and 3 of processing step shafts according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the A-A view of Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional front view of steps 4 and 5 of processing the step shaft in the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a C-C view of Fig. 3 .

Fig. 5 is a front view sectional schematic diagram of step 6 of processing step shaft in the present invention

Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional front view of steps 1, 2, and 3 of processing the polished rod shaft according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional front view of steps 4 and 5 of processing the polished rod shaft according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1 base, 2 guide rail, 3 annular oil cylinder, 4 movable wedge, 5 chuck, 6 hydraulic cylinder A, 7 straightening mold, 8 shaft to be straightened, 9 hydraulic top, 10 rotating mechanism, 11 spring, 12 Connecting rod, 13 hydraulic cylinder B, 14 support, 15 oil tank, 16 oil pipe.

detailed description

Example 1

In Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 6, Fig. 7, in the schematic cross-sectional front view of a straightening device for thick shaft parts, the frame mainly includes a base 1, a bracket 14, and a guide rail 2. The base is fixed on the ground through anchor bolts, the guide rails are laid on both sides of the upper surface of the base, the brackets on both sides are installed on the base through the guide rails, and the brackets on both sides are connected with the clamping mechanism. The clamping mechanism mainly includes an annular oil cylinder 3, a chuck 5 and a movable wedge 4, which are respectively fixed on the two side supports on the guide rail. The chuck is a cylinder with a cavity inside, and a tapered through hole corresponding to the guide rail is provided on the cylinder, and the small diameter holes of the two chucks are installed opposite to each other, and the outer surface of the two chucks is axially opposite. Lugs. In the tapered cavity of the chuck, there is a slope corresponding to the outer side and a movable wedge corresponding to the shoulder of the shaft end to be aligned on the inner side. The movable wedge is connected to the outer end of the piston of the annular oil cylinder through a hinge. The movable wedge is replaced according to the difference of the shaft to be straightened, and the inner end of the piston of the annular oil cylinder is located in the rodless annular groove of the annular oil cylinder. The side walls of the annular groove are respectively provided with oil inlet and outlet holes on both sides of the opening and the bottom. The annular oil cylinders are respectively fixed on the corresponding chucks through flanges. The rotary positioning mechanism mainly includes: a hydraulic tip 9 , a rotary mechanism 10 and a spring 11 . A hydraulic top is provided in the center slot of the above-mentioned annular oil cylinder, and a slider corresponding to the cross section of the center slot is arranged in the middle, and a coaxial top column is vertically fixed on one end surface of the slider. There is a thimble, a spring is set outside the top column, and a spring cover is provided on the opening of the central slot hole; the other end surface of the slider is connected to one end of the connecting rod, and the connecting rod passes through the central through hole at the bottom of the groove and is located outside the annular oil cylinder. The other end of the tank is connected with the rotating mechanism, and an oil inlet and outlet connected with the oil inlet and outlet pipes are also provided at the center of the bottom of the tank. A straightening mold mechanism is arranged between the two chucks, which mainly includes: a straightening mold 7, a connecting rod 12, a hydraulic cylinder A6 and a hydraulic cylinder B13. The hydraulic cylinder A is respectively connected to the outer lugs of the chucks on both sides. The straightening mold is two split reverse bending straightening molds symmetrical to the axis. The cavity of the straightening mold is an arc surface, and the radius of curvature of the arc surface is Equal to the standard radius of the shaft to be aligned. Each of them is hinged with one end of the connecting rod through a pin shaft, and the other end of the two connecting rods is connected with the two ends of the same hydraulic cylinder B13, and the hydraulic cylinder B13 is fixed on the frame. A fulcrum is respectively arranged in the middle part of the above-mentioned two connecting rods, and the fulcrum is fixed on the frame through lugs. The control transmission system mainly includes a hydraulic transmission system and an electrical control system. The hydraulic transmission system mainly consists of a pump station, a fuel tank, a valve group, and pipelines. The pump station is connected to the hydraulic cylinder A, hydraulic cylinder B and The oil inlet and outlet holes of the annular oil cylinder are connected to each other respectively.

Example 2

Take a train axle as an example and describe it in detail with the accompanying drawings: Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, and according to the specifications of the train axle 8 to be straightened, select the movable wedge 4 and the diameter of the axle body corresponding to the axle head and axle seat of the train axle Equal flaps and anti-bending straightening molds 7; adjust the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder A6, so that the moving distance of the chuck 5 meets the length requirements of the train axle 8. Open the hydraulic cylinder A6 to push the chuck 5, the annular oil cylinder 3, the movable wedge 4 and the hydraulic top 9 located in the annular oil cylinder, the rotating mechanism 10 and the spring 11 to move to both sides on the base 1 along the guide rail 2; the train axle 8 passes through The feeding device is sent between the left and right chucks of the straightening equipment, and at the same time, oil is supplied to the hydraulic top slider through the oil inlet and outlet holes of the annular oil cylinder. The hydraulic top 9 compresses the spring 11 under the action of high-pressure oil, and the train axle 8 is fixed on the two hydraulic tops. between. The hydraulic cylinder A6 drives the chuck 5, the annular oil cylinder 3, and the movable wedge 4 to move inwardly along the guide rail 2 to the set position and stop, and the axle head and the axle seat at both ends of the train axle 8 are included in the movable wedge in the hydraulic chuck 5 In the block 4, the oil is discharged through the oil hole of the annular oil cylinder, and the hydraulic top 9 returns under the action of the spring 11. Supply oil to the oil inlet hole of the rodless annular groove of the annular oil cylinder, and the annular oil cylinder 3 exerts a force F ₁ on the piston, and pushes the movable wedge 4 to move inwardly along the inner surface of the chuck 5 through the hinge, so that the shaft head of the train shaft 8 and the shaft Seat is clamped by movable wedge 4. Now the bending deformation of the shaft seat and the shaft head of the train axle 8 is corrected during the clamping process of the movable wedge 4, and the coaxiality of the shaft seat and the shaft head is guaranteed simultaneously.

Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4, the hydraulic cylinder A6 exerts an outward axial force F ₂ on the chuck 5, and the chuck 5 exerts an axial force on the train shaft 8 through the movable wedge 5 under the action of the axial force F ₂ . Load F ₂ , start the hydraulic cylinder B13 to push the split reverse bending straightening mold 7 through the connecting rod 12, and the reverse bending straightening mold 7 clamps the axle body of the train axle 8 under the action of the force F ₃ exerted by the hydraulic cylinder B13, and the train All bending deformations of the shaft body of the shaft 8 in the wrapping plane of the anti-bending straightening mold 7 are corrected.

Please refer to Figure 5, remove the force F ₃ , F ₂ , the hydraulic cylinder B13 drives the reverse bending straightening die 7 to retreat through the connecting rod 12, and supplies oil to the hydraulic tip cavity through the oil inlet and outlet holes of the annular oil cylinder, and the hydraulic tip 9 is under the action of the liquid pressure Compress the spring to fix the train shaft 8 between the hydraulic tops on both sides of the equipment; supply oil to the oil hole in the rod cavity on the annular oil cylinder 3, and then drive the movable wedge 4 to return, and loosen the shaft seat and shaft head of the train shaft 8 Start the rotating mechanism 10 to drive the train shaft 8 to rotate 90° through the hydraulic top 9, repeat the above steps, and all the bending deformations of the train shaft 8 in each plane along the axial direction are straightened. Remove the force F ₃ , F ₂ , the reverse bending straightening mold 7 retreats; the top 9 protrudes under the action of liquid pressure, fixes the train shaft 8, loosens the movable wedge 4, and the chuck 5 retreats to the left and right sides, and the train is unloaded Axle 8, alignment of train axle 8 is complete.

Example 3

Please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7, taking a polished rod shaft as an example, according to the specifications of the polished rod shaft to be straightened, select the movable wedge 4 with the same diameter as the clamping end of the polished rod shaft and the shaft body with the same diameter as split-flap reverse bending alignment Die 7; adjust the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder A6, so that the moving distance of the chuck 5 meets the length of the shaft. After the adjustment, the straightening method of the polished rod shaft is the same as the straightening method of the train shaft in embodiment 2, please refer to embodiment 2.

Claims (2)

1. the aligning method of a thick axle part, it is characterised in that: treat alignment axle and apply axial load, axle body is applied straightening power simultaneously, make to treat to specifically comprise the following steps that the flexural deformation alignment of alignment axle

1) start hydraulic cylinder A promote dop, annular cylinder, movable wedge and be arranged in that the hydraulic pressure of annular cylinder is top, rotating mechanism and spring along guide rail on base to two lateral movements, until 2, left and right dop spacing is more than treating that alignment shaft length stops；To treat that alignment axle is sent between straightening equipment left and right dop, simultaneously by annular cylinder turnover oilhole to the top slide block fuel feeding of hydraulic pressure, hydraulic pressure is top compresses spring under fluid pressure effect, will treat alignment axle be fixed on two hydraulic pressure top between；

2) hydraulic cylinder A drives dop, annular cylinder, movable wedge to stop to setting position along guide rail to move toward one another, to treat that alignment axle two ends are included in the movable wedge in hydraulic clamp, oil is drained by annular cylinder turnover oilhole, and hydraulic pressure is top to be return under the action of the spring；

3) to annular cylinder without bar cannelure oil-in fuel feeding, piston is then applied power F by annular cylinder₁, to be moved to the inside along the inner surface of dop by hinge promotion movable wedge, then treat that alignment axle is clamped by movable wedge, the flexural deformation of bare terminal end simultaneously is corrected；

4) dop is applied axial force F laterally by hydraulic cylinder A₂, dop under this force, is given by movable wedge and is treated that alignment axle applies axial load F₂, make the tension treating to generate less than yield stress in alignment axle longitudinal section；

5) axial load F is kept₂, starting hydraulic cylinder B and promote a point lobe straightening mold movement by connecting rod, this straightening mould clamps under the effect of hydraulic cylinder B and treats alignment axle, and axle body is applied straightening power F₃The flexural deformation of axle body is corrected；

6) power F is removed₂、F₃Hydraulic cylinder B drives straightening mould to return by connecting rod, oilhole is passed in and out to the top fuel feeding of hydraulic pressure by annular cylinder, hydraulic pressure is top compresses spring under fluid pressure effect, to treat alignment axle be fixed on straightening equipment both sides hydraulic pressure top between, there is bar cannelure fuel feed hole fuel feeding to annular cylinder, just drive movable wedge to two lateral movements, unclamp the pinching end treating alignment axle；Start rotating mechanism and treat alignment axle half-twist by the top drive of hydraulic pressure, repeat above-mentioned 1)-5) step, can by the flexural deformation alignment in axle in the axial direction each plane.

2. straightening equipment used by the aligning method of the thick axle part of claim 1, it is characterized in that: base fixes on the ground, guide rail is laid on the both sides of base upper surface, two side stands pass through guide rails assembling on base, two side stands are connected with clamp system, the annular cylinder of clamp system, dop and movable wedge are separately fixed on two side stands being positioned on guide rail, dop sets the cylinder of cavity in being, the small diameter bore being provided with the conical through-hole corresponding with guide rail and two dops on this cylinder is mounted opposite, two dop side faces are provided with axially opposing evagination journal stirrup, outside it is provided with for corresponding inclined-plane in the conical cavity of this dop, there is the movable wedge corresponding with treating the alignment shaft end shaft shoulder inner side, this movable wedge is connected with annular cylinder piston outer end by hinge, this annular cylinder piston the inner is positioned at the cannelure without bar of annular cylinder, this cannelure sidewall is positioned at opening and two bottom sides set respectively into, oil outlet, this annular cylinder is separately fixed on corresponding dop；It is provided with hydraulic pressure top in the center slotted eye of above-mentioned annular cylinder, the slide block that in the middle part of it, slotted eye cross section, You Yigeyu center is corresponding, one end face of slide block vertically fixes a fore-set being coaxial therewith, the end top of this fore-set is provided with thimble, it is cased with spring outside this fore-set, center slotted eye opening is provided with spring capping, another end face of slide block is connected with connecting rod one end, the other end that this connecting rod is positioned at outside annular cylinder through bottom land central through hole is connected with rotating mechanism, separately also sets at bottom land center and passes in and out the oil inlet and outlet that oil pipe is connected；Straightening mould mechanism it is provided with between two dops, its hydraulic cylinder A is connected with both sides dop evagination journal stirrup respectively, straightening mould is with axis for two points of symmetrical lobe straightening moulds, straightening mould die cavity is arc surface, its arc surface radius of curvature is equal with the standard radius treating alignment axle, it is respectively hinged by bearing pin and connecting rod one end, and the two connecting rod other ends are connected with the two ends of same hydraulic cylinder B, and this hydraulic cylinder B is fixed in frame；A fulcrum is respectively set in the middle part of above-mentioned two connecting rods, this fulcrum is fixed in frame by journal stirrup, control drive system and mainly include Hydraulic Power Transmission System and electrical apparatus control system, Hydraulic Power Transmission System is mainly made up of pumping plant, fuel tank, valve group, pipeline, and pumping plant is respectively connected with hydraulic cylinder A, hydraulic cylinder B and annular cylinder turnover oilhole by the band valve pipeline being connected with fuel tank.