CN104373241B - Cylinder head of internal combustion engine and method for manufacturing cylinder head of internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Cylinder head of internal combustion engine and method for manufacturing cylinder head of internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104373241B CN104373241B CN201410401566.5A CN201410401566A CN104373241B CN 104373241 B CN104373241 B CN 104373241B CN 201410401566 A CN201410401566 A CN 201410401566A CN 104373241 B CN104373241 B CN 104373241B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder head
- sheet metal
- exhaust
- metal casing
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003279 ceramming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002106 crystalline ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011222 crystalline ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F1/243—Cylinder heads and inlet or exhaust manifolds integrally cast together
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
- F02F1/4285—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of both intake and exhaust channel
- F02F1/4292—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of both intake and exhaust channel with liners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F2200/00—Manufacturing
- F02F2200/06—Casting
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及内燃机的气缸盖和用于制造内燃机的气缸盖的方法，具体而言，涉及一种内燃机的气缸盖，该气缸盖带有至少一个排放通道(4)，其通过金属板罩壳(1)形成，围绕该金属板罩壳(1)铸造气缸盖。根据本发明设置成，所有的排气通道(4)和排气歧管(5)通过以铸造的方式位于气缸盖中的金属板罩壳(1)形成。此外本发明涉及一种用于制造内燃机的气缸盖的方法，在该方法中单件式金属板罩壳(1)或者金属板罩壳的单个的罩壳部件(2,3)首先至少部分区段地设有覆层(8)和/或者一定结构，然后插入到铸模中并且最后由铸造材料以围绕单件式金属板罩壳(1)或者金属板罩壳的单个的罩壳部件(2,3)铸造的方式形成气缸盖。
The present invention relates to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine and a method for producing a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, in particular to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with at least one discharge channel (4), which passes through a sheet metal casing ( 1) Forming, casting the cylinder head around the sheet metal casing (1). According to the invention it is provided that all exhaust ducts (4) and exhaust manifolds (5) are formed by a sheet metal casing (1) which is cast in the cylinder head. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, in which method a single-piece sheet metal housing ( 1 ) or individual housing parts ( 2 , 3 ) of a sheet metal housing is first at least partially subdivided The coating ( 8 ) and/or structures are provided in sections, then inserted into the casting mould and finally made of casting material to surround the one-piece sheet metal casing ( 1 ) or the individual casing parts ( 2 of the sheet metal casing) , 3) The way of casting to form the cylinder head.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, comprising at least one exhaust duct, which is formed by a sheet metal casing (Blechmantel), wherein the cylinder head is cast (umgiessen) around the sheet metal casing.
The invention further relates to a method for producing a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, in which method a one-piece sheet metal jacket or a single jacket part of a sheet metal jacket is integrated into the cylinder head.
Background
A device of the above-mentioned type is known from the publication DE 3315988 a 1. This publication describes a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine with at least one discharge channel formed by a sheet metal casing inserted (eingissen) in the cylinder head in a cast manner. An insulating layer is provided between the sheet metal casing inserted in the cast manner and the cast body of the cylinder head. The insulating layer can be formed by applying a ceramic material to the sheet metal housing prior to casting, for example by spraying.
A method of the above-mentioned type is known from the publication document DD 290705 a 5. This publication describes a ceramic lining (Auskleidung) for a gas conducting channel of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. The ceramic lining gives rise to good thermal insulation of the exhaust gases flowing through the exhaust pipe. The lining is produced in that the lining is additionally inserted into the cast cylinder head. The lining is fixed to the casting material of the cylinder head by means of a high-temperature-stable adhesive material.
The use of pre-ceramicizing (prekeramisch) polymers is also known from the publications DE 102009046003 a1 and DE 102007034609 a1 and DE 102006008010 a 1. The pre-ceramming polymer is applied to the workpiece and converted by heating into an amorphous or crystalline ceramic.
The exhaust manifold is a component of an exhaust apparatus of an internal combustion engine. The exhaust manifold is usually connected directly to the engine, in particular to the cylinder head of the engine. The exhaust manifold serves as a collecting main and combines the individual exhaust channels of the engine combustion chambers into a common exhaust pipe. The intensive cooling required for the cylinder head when the exhaust manifold is integrated in the cylinder head also acts on the exhaust duct and in particular on the exhaust manifold. Since the exhaust gas stays longer in the cylinder head when the exhaust manifold is integrated in the cylinder head, the exhaust gas is cooled accordingly. However, high exhaust gas temperatures are advantageous for the operation of a catalytic converter and/or a turbocharger arranged in the exhaust gas line between the exhaust manifold and the exhaust system (ausfuff).
Disclosure of Invention
Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to improve a device and a method of the type mentioned at the outset.
This object is solved with a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine. The cylinder head is provided with a plurality of discharge passages and an exhaust manifold integrated in the cylinder head, the discharge passages being formed by exactly one sheet metal shell, wherein the cylinder head is cast around the sheet metal casing, characterized in that all discharge channels are at least partly sectioned and the exhaust manifold is formed by the one sheet metal casing located in the cylinder head in a cast manner, wherein the exhaust manifold serves as a collecting main and combines the individual exhaust passages of the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine into a common exhaust pipe, wherein the sheet metal housing is assembled from a plurality of housing parts, wherein one housing part is an upper half shell of the sheet metal housing and the other housing part is a lower half shell of the sheet metal housing, and wherein each half-shell is associated with the other half of the cross-section of the exhaust channel or exhaust manifold.
According to the invention, a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine is therefore provided for which all the outlet channels are formed at least in sections and the exhaust manifold by a sheet metal casing, around which the cylinder head is cast. Hereby it is achieved that the exhaust gas channel formed by the discharge channel and the exhaust manifold is created with a material having a smaller heat transfer capacity and a high stability with respect to aggressive exhaust gases.
In one embodiment of the invention, the sheet metal housing is designed in such a way that all the outlet channels are completely lined with the sheet metal housing, in particular from the valve seat up to the exhaust manifold. In an alternative, production-technically simpler and therefore preferred embodiment, the sheet metal housing extends from the exhaust manifold over only a partial length section of the discharge channel. For example, the sheet metal jacket extends from the exhaust manifold only up to the beginning of a sharp bend in the central section of the exhaust gas duct, so that the sheet metal jacket has an approximately flat geometry over its entire extent.
It has proven advantageous to embody the sheet metal housing as a single piece. This allows, on the one hand, a rapid and precise loading of the casting mould and, on the other hand, the geometry of the exhaust duct can be precisely predefined by the sheet metal jacket and can be individualized independently of the casting mould. Furthermore, the one-piece sheet metal housing has only a small number of joining areas and connecting interfaces, which reduces the outlay for producing a guide channel for the exhaust gas seal.
It has proven practical for the sheet metal cover shell to be filled with sand cores, which are removed only after casting. It is hereby simpler and more reliable to handle thin-walled and therefore sensitive sheet metal enclosures.
However, it may also be advantageous if the sheet metal housing is assembled from a plurality of housing parts, preferably from two housing parts. This makes it easier to handle the sheet metal housing, in particular during its production, during transport, storage and during further processing (for example insertion into a casting mold). The sheet metal housing can be easily deformed due to its small wall thickness and thus become unusable.
A casting mold typically comprises two mold halves. Since the two mold halves are also provided for casting independently of one another, it is advantageous if one housing part is an upper half shell of the sheet metal housing and the other housing part is a lower half shell of the sheet metal housing. Each half shell is associated here with the other half of the cross section of the exhaust channel or exhaust manifold. The half-shells are inserted into the respective mould halves before the casting mould is closed.
It is particularly desirable for the sheet metal housing to be oriented partially perpendicular to the envelope curve of the exhaust duct and/or the exhaust manifold in the region of the joint between two adjacent housing parts. In this way, it is possible to achieve a high level of tightness against the exhaust gas if the sheet metal housing is multi-part. The edge sections of the two housing parts oriented perpendicularly to the envelope curve bear against one another and are connected in a force-fitting and/or material-fitting manner during the casting process. This makes it impossible for exhaust gas to flow behind the sheet metal casing, in particular to be squeezed between the sheet metal casing and the cylinder head. This serves to protect the cylinder head and also the insulating layer which may be provided between the sheet metal cover shell and the cylinder head.
It has proven to be highly possible for the sheet metal housing to have a coating at least in sections at the outer face facing the cylinder head and/or at the inner face facing the exhaust gas duct. The coating is formed from a ceramic material and/or from an enamel material and/or from a pre-cerammed polymer, wherein the coating is applied to the sheet metal casing prior to casting of the cylinder head. The application of the coating is preferably carried out by means of thermal application, spraying and/or dipping. Here, a plurality of layers of different materials is possible. Zirconia and alumina have proven to be particularly useful as ceramic materials.
The exhaust passage is a passage structure that includes an exhaust passage and an exhaust manifold between the combustion chamber and an exhaust pipe coupled to the cylinder head and that guides exhaust gas.
The heat transfer between the sheet metal jacket and the cylinder head made of aluminum is greater than in the case of a cladding inserted in the middle and/or a sheet metal jacket with a certain structure (strukturring). The coating or a certain structure applied on the outer face of the sheet metal housing is protected from the exhaust gas. The coating has a thickness of 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably 0.5 mm. The sheet metal housing has a thickness of 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably 0.5 mm. According to a particular embodiment, the sheet metal housing and the coating have the same thickness.
The heat insulation of the sheet metal cover with respect to the cylinder head is also achieved according to the invention in that the sheet metal cover has a structure at least in sections at the outer face facing the cylinder head. The certain structure can be formed by an application and/or a recess on the outer face. The gap for isolation is provided between the sheet metal housing and the cylinder head by the certain structure.
Furthermore, by thermally isolating the exhaust gas from the cylinder head, the thermal load on the cylinder head and thus the cooling requirement can be reduced.
This object is also solved with a method for manufacturing the cylinder head. In the method for producing the cylinder head, the individual shell parts of the sheet metal shell are first coated at least in sections by means of a thermal coating method, then inserted into a casting mold and finally the cylinder head is formed from a casting material by casting around the individual shell parts of the sheet metal shell.
According to the invention, a method is therefore provided for producing a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, in which method the individual shell parts of the one-piece sheet metal shell or the multi-piece sheet metal shell are first provided at least in sections with a coating and/or a structure. The individual housing parts of the one-piece sheet metal housing or of the multi-piece sheet metal housing are then inserted into the casting mold and the casting mold is closed. Finally, the cylinder head is formed from a casting material by casting around a sheet metal casing. The coating of the sheet metal housing is effected by means of a thermal coating process, for example flame spraying, and/or by means of spraying and/or by means of dipping. The metal sheet housing is structured by means of sand blasting and/or by means of chemical reaction and/or by means of a laser beam.
In the case of a preceraming polymer as a coating, the preceraming polymer transforms into a ceramic material above a certain temperature. This conversion is effected during casting or during the operation of the internal combustion engine.
Drawings
The invention allows many embodiments. For further explanation of its basic principle, one of many embodiments is shown in the drawings and described below, wherein:
fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a sheet metal housing of an exhaust gas channel;
fig. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a section of a cylinder head.
Reference chart
1 sheet metal housing
2 housing parts
3 housing parts
4 discharge channel
5 exhaust manifold
6 outer face
7 inner side
8 coating
9 exhaust channel
10 cylinder head
11 area of joint
12 edge segment
13 thickness.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a two-part sheet metal housing 1. The sheet metal casing 1 comprises two casing parts 2,3, wherein one casing part 2 is an upper half of the sheet metal casing 1 and the other casing part 3 is a lower half of the sheet metal casing 1, the casing parts 2,3 being assembled together to form the sheet metal casing 1. An exhaust gas duct 9 is formed by the sheet metal housing 1, which comprises the exhaust gas duct 4 and the exhaust manifold 5, the sheet metal housing 1 having an outer face 6 and an inner face 7. The sheet metal housing 1 has a coating 8 at the outer face 6.
Fig. 2 shows a section of a cylinder head 10 with at least one exhaust channel 4 of an internal combustion engine not described further here. The exhaust gas duct 9, which comprises all the exhaust gas ducts 4 and the exhaust manifold 5 of the internal combustion engine described briefly in fig. 1, is formed by a sheet metal housing 1 inserted in a cast manner into a cylinder head 10. The sheet metal housing 1 is assembled from two housing parts 2, 3. The sheet metal housing 1 has an edge section 12 in the joint region 11. The edge section 12 is oriented partially perpendicular to the envelope curve of the exhaust duct 9. The edge sections 12 of adjacent housing parts 2,3 bear against one another. The sheet metal jacket 1 has a coating 8 at its outer face 6 facing the cylinder head 10 in sections. The thickness 13 of the cladding 8 and the sheet metal housing 1 is 0.5 mm each.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013216294.4A DE102013216294A1 (en) | 2013-08-16 | 2013-08-16 | Cylinder head of an internal combustion engine and method for producing a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine |
| DE102013216294.4 | 2013-08-16 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104373241A CN104373241A (en) | 2015-02-25 |
| CN104373241B true CN104373241B (en) | 2021-07-20 |
Family
ID=51205228
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410401566.5A Expired - Fee Related CN104373241B (en) | 2013-08-16 | 2014-08-15 | Cylinder head of internal combustion engine and method for manufacturing cylinder head of internal combustion engine |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2837809B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104373241B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102013216294A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014100568A1 (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2015-07-23 | Tenedora Nemak, S.A. De C.V. | Casting and insert for such a casting |
| DE102017205853A1 (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2018-10-11 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | core package |
| US20190376465A1 (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2019-12-12 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Insulating sleeve having an insulating-gap for a cast cylinder head |
| DE102020103164A1 (en) | 2020-02-07 | 2021-08-12 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Partially coated coolant-cooled exhaust manifold for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4077458A (en) * | 1975-08-08 | 1978-03-07 | Nissan Motor Company, Limited | Core and method for casting cylinder head with exhaust port |
| GB2119843A (en) * | 1982-05-07 | 1983-11-23 | Chicago Bridge & Iron Co | Liquid storage tanks |
| DE3815406A1 (en) * | 1987-05-14 | 1988-11-24 | Steyr Daimler Puch Ag | Exhaust device for multi-cylinder internal combustion engines |
| CN2260172Y (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 1997-08-20 | 大连理工大学 | Ceramic-coated steel shell ported cylinder head |
| DE102006008010A1 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2007-08-23 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Piston for internal combustion engine, is made entirely from ceramic composite material including low-cost natural graphite and silicon carbide |
| DE102009046003A1 (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2011-04-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for producing a component with a ceramic first area and a metallic second area, comprises applying the ceramic material in a first tool area by first injection molding step and applying the metallic material in a second tool area |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5338727Y2 (en) * | 1974-10-25 | 1978-09-20 | ||
| DE3915988A1 (en) | 1988-05-31 | 1989-12-14 | Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech | Cylinder head of an internal combustion engine |
| DE3940946A1 (en) * | 1989-12-12 | 1990-11-08 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Cylinder head for IC engine - is made of one-piece light alloy casting with inlet and exhaust manifolds |
| DD290705A5 (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1991-06-06 | Veb Keramische Werke Hermsdoff,De | CERAMIC GAS CHANNEL EQUIPMENT FOR CYLINDER COILS OF COMBUSTION ENGINES |
| DE4310247C2 (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 1995-07-20 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of light, bending and torsionally rigid workpieces by composite casting |
| JPH08121158A (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 1996-05-14 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Double exhaust pipe for internal combustion engine and its manufacture |
| DE10357125A1 (en) * | 2003-12-06 | 2005-07-07 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Manifold for exhaust has sheet metal inner wall and outer wall formed by cast structure over spacers which after casting are removed to produce air gap |
| DE102007034609A1 (en) | 2007-07-25 | 2009-01-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Joining process and composite of at least two joining partners |
| CN201218146Y (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2009-04-08 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Integral cylinder cap of supercharged engine |
| EP2497931B1 (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2014-11-12 | Fiat Powertrain Technologies S.p.A. | Cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, with integrated exhaust manifold and subgroups of exhaust conduits merging into manifold portions which are superimposed and spaced apart from each other |
| DE102011114771A1 (en) * | 2011-10-01 | 2013-04-04 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Cylinder head with an integrated exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine and method for producing a cast component, in particular a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine |
| CN202273741U (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2012-06-13 | 浙江摩多巴克斯汽配有限公司 | Stainless steel exhaust manifold structure |
-
2013
- 2013-08-16 DE DE102013216294.4A patent/DE102013216294A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-07-15 EP EP14176991.9A patent/EP2837809B1/en active Active
- 2014-08-15 CN CN201410401566.5A patent/CN104373241B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4077458A (en) * | 1975-08-08 | 1978-03-07 | Nissan Motor Company, Limited | Core and method for casting cylinder head with exhaust port |
| GB2119843A (en) * | 1982-05-07 | 1983-11-23 | Chicago Bridge & Iron Co | Liquid storage tanks |
| DE3815406A1 (en) * | 1987-05-14 | 1988-11-24 | Steyr Daimler Puch Ag | Exhaust device for multi-cylinder internal combustion engines |
| CN2260172Y (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 1997-08-20 | 大连理工大学 | Ceramic-coated steel shell ported cylinder head |
| DE102006008010A1 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2007-08-23 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Piston for internal combustion engine, is made entirely from ceramic composite material including low-cost natural graphite and silicon carbide |
| DE102009046003A1 (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2011-04-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for producing a component with a ceramic first area and a metallic second area, comprises applying the ceramic material in a first tool area by first injection molding step and applying the metallic material in a second tool area |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2837809A1 (en) | 2015-02-18 |
| EP2837809B1 (en) | 2020-06-10 |
| DE102013216294A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
| CN104373241A (en) | 2015-02-25 |
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