CN104343454B - A kind of mechanization point pillar house column mining method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanized point-and-pillar room-and-pillar mining method, which includes stope layout, mining sequence, mining and cutting, mining, rock drilling, roof management, mining, and ventilation. The invention effectively solves the problem of mutual influence and mutual restriction between the upper and lower layers in the mining process of the multi-layer ore body, the operation interference between the upper and lower layers is small, the loss and dilution is effectively controlled, and the production cost is greatly reduced.

Description

A mechanized point-and-pillar room-and-pillar mining method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and in particular relates to a mechanized point-and-pillar room-and-pillar mining method.

Background technique

The mining of gently-inclined thin-medium-thick ore bodies has always been a difficult problem in the mining industry, and the mining of multi-layered gently-inclined thin-medium-thick ore bodies is the most difficult. The traditional mining methods for this type of ore body mainly include two forms of separate mining and joint mining, but the effect has not been very satisfactory. It cannot achieve intensive and efficient production space, and cannot achieve the goal of safe, efficient and low-cost mining. The production practice of many domestic mines shows that these methods have problems to varying degrees. The outstanding problem of the former is that there is a lot of interference between the upper and lower layers of the mining operation, and most of them are mined in the downward mining mode, the ground pressure management is difficult, the mining and cutting project is large, and the loss is high; the main problem of the joint mining is to control the stope. The roof is difficult, the safety is poor, the ore depletion increases, and the economic benefit is poor.

Contents of the invention

The first object of the present invention is to provide a mechanized point-and-pillar room-and-pillar mining method.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved in this way, comprising the following steps: stope layout, mining sequence, mining cutting, mining, rock drilling, roof management, mining, ventilation, specifically:

Step 1: Stope layout: panel and stope layout and constituent elements: panel is arranged along the strike, the length of the panel along the strike is 180~220m, and the oblique length of the inclination is controlled according to the section height of 18~22m. The strike length is 45~55m, which is divided into 4 stopes; between the stopes and panel intervals, there are inter-columns along the inclination, and the width of the inter-columns is 3-4m. In the stope, regular point columns are reserved according to the stability of the roof, and at the same time, 8-12m top columns are reserved. ;

Step 2: Mining sequence: multi-layer ore bodies can be mined at the same time to ensure that the columns and point columns between the upper and lower ore bodies are aligned vertically;

Step 3: Mining and cutting: use the layout of the footwall outside the vein; arrange segmental roadways along the vein along the footwall of the lower ore body along the strike, and set up the vein-piercing and out-of-mine joint to facilitate the scraper to enter the stratified mining work surface; in the middle of the panel area, an out-of-vein chute is arranged to access the horizontal ore loading through the vein; along the trend of the ore body, the return air is arranged on the footwall of the segmented roadway every 480-530m to slope up the mountain, and the upper return air level road is connected; The middle part between the two adjacent return air uphills is segmented from bottom to top to form the inlet and uphill, and the two cooperate to form the inlet and return air passages in the mining area. When excavating the ore joint road for the first time in each section, excavate downwards at a slope of 15% to 18% to the bottom plate of the ore body, and then excavate horizontally to the roof of the upper ore body, and then follow the decline of the mining layer. The ore joint road is topped to form the ore exit channel of the next layer; the ore exit route is excavated in the ore body floor vein of each layer to cut the horizontal roadway to the end of the stope, and then excavate the stope return air along the ore body inclination direction. Go up the mountain to the level of the upper section, and then excavate the air return road to connect with the main line along the upper section;

The fourth step: Mining: 4 stopes in the panel area are arranged according to the technical links of rock drilling and ore extraction. Rock drilling, blasting, and roof management are carried out in 2 stopes; 1 stope is used for ore extraction; 1 stope According to the calculation of the standard panel area, the cycle of rock drilling, ore extraction and layer filling is 28~35 days. The mining operation is carried out by the first layer cutting and level roadway, and the layer mining height is 4.8~5.2m;

Step 5: Rock Drilling: Drill a horizontal hole along the direction of the ore body with a tunneling jumbo, the hole diameter is φ56mm, the hole depth is 3m, W=1.0m~1.2m, a=1.2m~1.4m; BQF~100 chargeer is used Equipped with a mobile platform loaded with 2# rock ammonium nitrate explosives, non-electric detonation detonator detonation; thin ore bodies and residue collection using yt28 rock drill;

Step 6: Roof management: After blasting and ventilation, perform roof care. Firstly, use the prying anchor trolley to clean the pumice and turquoise on the roof. Then, depending on the roof condition, use the anchor trolley to reinforce the roof. Use the pipe seam anchor Reinforce the roof, the distance between anchor rods is 1.0×1.0m, the length is greater than 1.5m, and the broken section is reinforced with anchor net;

Step 7: Mining: 3m ³ diesel scraper is used for mining, the average distance is 145-155m, and the efficiency of scraper is 700t/d~800t/d; thin ore body and debris are collected by 2m ³ scraper ;

Step 8: Ventilation: The fresh air enters the mining operation face of the stope from the segmented roadway along the vein, and the dirty air is returned from the return air set at the end of the stope up the mountain, enters the upper section trunk line, and enters the mining area through the return air connection road. The return air in the area goes up the mountain, and then enters the mine return air system. In the stope, JK55~No4 local fans are installed on the upper return air uphill connection road to assist the stope ventilation. After the mining of each layer is completed, it enters the next mining cycle.

The invention effectively solves the problem of mutual influence and mutual restriction between the upper and lower layers in the mining process of the multi-layer ore body, the operation interference between the upper and lower layers is small, the loss and dilution is effectively controlled, and the production cost is greatly reduced.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a sectional layout drawing of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan layout diagram of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-Waste rock chute, 2-Cutting horizontal road, 3-Outgoing ore passage, 4-Ore chute, 5-Point column, 6-Return wind uphill from mining area, 7-Return wind uphill, 8-Transportation in the middle section Lane, 9-segment along the trunk line.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples, but the present invention should not be limited in any way, and any changes or improvements made based on the teaching of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in the accompanying drawings and embodiments: the present invention comprises the following steps: stope layout, mining sequence, mining cutting, mining, rock drilling, roof management, mining, ventilation, specifically:

Step 1: Stope layout: panel and stope layout and constituent elements: panel is arranged along the strike, the length of the panel along the strike is 180~220m, and the oblique length of the inclination is controlled according to the section height of 18~22m. The strike length is 45~55m, which is divided into 4 stopes; between the stopes and panel intervals, there are inter-columns along the inclination, and the width of the inter-columns is 3-4m. In the stope, regular point columns are reserved according to the stability of the roof, and at the same time, 8-12m top columns are reserved. ;

Step 2: Mining sequence: multi-layer ore bodies can be mined at the same time to ensure that the columns and point columns between the upper and lower ore bodies are aligned vertically;

Step 3: Mining and cutting: use the layout of the footwall outside the vein; arrange segmental roadways along the vein along the footwall of the lower ore body along the strike, and set up the vein-piercing and out-of-mine joint to facilitate the scraper to enter the stratified mining work surface; in the middle of the panel area, an out-of-vein chute is arranged to access the horizontal ore loading through the vein; along the trend of the ore body, the return air is arranged on the footwall of the segmented roadway every 480-530m to slope up the mountain, and the upper return air level road is connected; The middle part between the two adjacent return air uphills is segmented from bottom to top to form the inlet and uphill, and the two cooperate to form the inlet and return air passages in the mining area. When excavating the ore joint road for the first time in each section, excavate downwards at a slope of 15% to 18% to the bottom plate of the ore body, and then excavate horizontally to the roof of the upper ore body, and then follow the decline of the mining layer. The ore joint road is topped to form the ore exit channel of the next layer; the ore exit route is excavated in the ore body floor vein of each layer to cut the horizontal roadway to the end of the stope, and then excavate the stope return air along the ore body inclination direction. Go up the mountain to the level of the upper section, and then excavate the air return road to connect with the main line along the upper section;

The fourth step: Mining: 4 stopes in the panel area are arranged according to the technical links of rock drilling and ore extraction. Rock drilling, blasting, and roof management are carried out in 2 stopes; 1 stope is used for ore extraction; 1 stope According to the calculation of the standard panel area, the cycle of rock drilling, ore extraction and layer filling is 28~35 days. The mining operation is carried out by the first layer cutting and level roadway, and the layer mining height is 4.8~5.2m;

Step 5: Rock Drilling: Drill a horizontal hole along the direction of the ore body with a tunneling jumbo, the hole diameter is φ56mm, the hole depth is 3m, W=1.0m~1.2m, a=1.2m~1.4m; BQF~100 chargeer is used Equipped with a mobile platform loaded with 2# rock ammonium nitrate explosives, non-electric detonation detonator detonation; thin ore bodies and residue collection using yt28 rock drill;

Step 6: Roof management: After blasting and ventilation, perform roof care. Firstly, use the prying anchor trolley to clean the pumice and turquoise on the roof. Then, depending on the roof condition, use the anchor trolley to reinforce the roof. Use the pipe seam anchor Reinforce the roof, the distance between anchor rods is 1.0×1.0m, the length is greater than 1.5m, and the broken section is reinforced with anchor net;

Step 7: Mining: 3m ³ diesel scraper is used for mining, the average distance is 145-155m, and the efficiency of scraper is 700t/d~800t/d; thin ore body and debris are collected by 2m ³ scraper ;

Step 8: Ventilation: The fresh air enters the mining operation face of the stope from the segmented roadway along the vein, and the dirty air is returned from the return air set at the end of the stope up the mountain, enters the upper section trunk line, and enters the mining area through the return air connection road. The return air in the area goes up the mountain, and then enters the mine return air system. In the stope, JK55~No4 local fans are installed on the upper return air uphill connection road to assist the stope ventilation. After the mining of each layer is completed, it enters the next mining cycle.

The multi-layered ore bodies are three-layer medium-thick ore bodies with a layer of stone interposed between two layers.

The specification of point columns is 3×3m, and the distance between point columns is 10-13m.

The boring jumbo is Boomer281 or AXERAD05.

In the first step, the panel area is 200m long along the strike, and the oblique length of the dip is controlled according to the segmental height of 20m. The panel area is divided into 4 stopes according to the strike length of 50m; The width is 3~4m, regular point pillars are left in the stope according to the stability of the roof, and 10m top pillars are reserved at the same time.

In the third step, along the trend of the ore body, return winds are arranged on the footwall of the segmented roadway every 500m to slope up the mountain.

In the fourth step, the stratified mining height is 5m.

Example 1

The panel area is arranged along the strike. The length of the panel area along the strike is 180m, and the oblique length of the inclination is controlled by the segmental height of 18m. The panel area is divided into 4 stopes according to the strike length of 45m. Columns are reserved along the inclination between the stopes and the panel intervals. The width of the inter-pillars is 3-4m. According to the stability of the roof, regular point columns and 8m top columns are left in the stope; multi-layer ore bodies can be mined at the same time to ensure that the inter-pillars and point columns of the upper and lower ore bodies are aligned vertically; The layout of the outer footwall is standard; the footwall of the lower ore body is arranged along the direction of the segmented roadway along the vein, and the ore-piercing and out-of-the-vein joint road is set up to facilitate the scraper to enter the layered mining face; the outer vein is arranged in the middle of the panel The chute is connected to the horizontal ore loading and piercing veins for transportation; along the ore body trend, the return wind is arranged on the footwall of the segmented roadway every 480m, and the upper return air level road is connected; correspondingly, the middle part between the adjacent two return air uphill The upper and lower sections form the air intake and uphill, and the two cooperate to form the intake and return air passages of the mining area. In the middle of the stope, the ore exit road is excavated from the segmented trunk line to enter the stope, and the ore exit road is excavated for the first time in each section. At the same time, excavate downward according to the slope of 15% to the bottom of the ore body, and then excavate horizontally to the roof of the upper ore body. Afterwards, with the decline of the mining layer, the roof is pressed along the ore outlet to form the ore outlet of the next layer. ; Excavate the cutting roadway in the ore body floor veins of each layer to the end of the stope from the ore exit road, and then excavate the return air from the stope uphill to the level of the upper section along the inclined direction of the ore body, and then excavate the return air passage and the upper section Segments are connected along the arterial main line; 4 stopes in the panel area are arranged according to the technical links such as rock drilling and mining, and rock drilling, blasting and roof management are carried out in 2 stopes; 1 stope is used for mining operations; 1 According to the calculation of the standard panel, the period of rock drilling, ore extraction and layer filling is 28 days. The mining operation is carried out by cutting the level roadway in the first layer, and the layer mining height is 4.8m; the excavation jumbo is used Boomer281 drills horizontal holes along the direction of the ore body, the hole diameter is φ50mm, the hole depth is 3m, W=1.0m-1.2m, a=1.2m-1.4m; BQF-100 chargeer and mobile platform are used to install 2# rock ammonium nitrate Explosives and non-conductive detonators are detonated; YT-28 rock drills are used for thin ore bodies and residues; after blasting and ventilation, the roof care work is carried out. The pole trolley is used to reinforce the roof, and the roof is reinforced with pipe-slotted bolts. The distance between the bolts is 1.0 ^× 1.0m, and the length is greater than 1.5m. At 145m, the efficiency of the scraper is 700t/d-800t/d; the thin ore body and the residue are collected by a 2m ³ scraper; The return air at the end of the yard goes up the mountain and exits, enters the upper section of the main line, enters the mining area from the return air connection road to the return air up the mountain, and then enters the mine return air system. JK55-No4 local fans are installed on the upper return air uphill connection road in the stope , as stope auxiliary ventilation, each layer of mining is completed, that is to enter the next mining cycle.

Example 2

As in Example 1, in the first step, the panel area is arranged along the strike, and the length of the panel area along the strike is 220m, and the oblique length of the inclination is controlled according to the segmental height of 22m, and the panel area is divided into 4 stopes according to the strike length of 55m; Spacing columns are reserved along the inclination between the intervals and panel intervals, and the width of the interstitial columns is 3-4m. In the stope, regular point columns are reserved according to the stability of the roof, and 12m top columns are reserved at the same time; multi-layer ore bodies can be mined at the same time to ensure that the upper and lower ore bodies Align vertically with the point column; adopt the standard layout of the footwall outside the vein; arrange segmental roadways along the vein along the strike of the footwall of the lower ore body, and set up the vein-crossing and out-of-mine joint road, which is convenient for the scraper to enter the stratified mining work surface; in the middle of the panel area, an out-of-vein chute is arranged to access the horizontal ore loading and passing through the vein; along the ore body trend, the return air is arranged on the footwall of the segmented roadway every 530m to slope up the mountain to connect the upper return air level roadway; correspondingly in the adjacent The middle part between the two return wind uphills is segmented from bottom to top to form the uphill wind inlet, and the two cooperate to form the inlet and return air passages in the mining area. When excavating the ore access road for the first time in sections, dig down to the ore body floor with a slope of 18%, and then excavate horizontally to the upper ore body roof, and then carry out roofing along the ore access road as the mining layer descends , to form the ore exit channel of the next layer; from the ore exit route, excavate the cutting level roadway in the vein of the ore body floor of each layer to the end of the stope, and then excavate the stope return air uphill to the upper section along the inclination direction of the ore body Afterwards, the return air passage is excavated to connect with the main line along the vein in the upper section; the 4 stopes in the panel area are arranged according to the technical links such as rock drilling and mining, and rock drilling, blasting and roof management are carried out in the 2 stopes; One stope is used for mining operation; one stope is used for mining standard. According to the standard panel calculation, the cycle of rock drilling, ore extraction and layered filling is 35 days. The layer mining height is 5.2m; AXERAD05 drilling jumbo is used to drill horizontal holes along the direction of the ore body, the hole diameter is φ60mm, the hole depth is 3m, W=1.0m-1.2m, a=1.2m-1.4m; BQF-100 charge is used The mobile platform is equipped with 2# rock ammonium nitrate explosive, and the non-conductive detonator is detonated; the thin ore body and the residue are collected by the YT-28 rock drill; after the blasting and ventilation, the roof care work is carried out. The pine is cleaned, and then depending on the roof condition, the roof is reinforced with an anchor trolley, and the roof is reinforced with a pipe-slotted anchor. The distance between the anchors is 1.0×1.0m, and the length is greater ^than 1.5m. Diesel-scraper excavating the ore, the average distance is 155m, and the efficiency of the scraper is 700t/d-800t/d; the thin ore body and residues are collected by a 2m ³ scraper; the fresh air enters the stope from the segmented roadway along the vein On the mining operation face, the polluted air goes uphill from the return air installed at the end of the stope, enters the upper section of the trunk line, enters the mining area through the return air passage and returns to the mountain, and then enters the mine return air system. The JK55-No4 partial fan is installed on the Fengshangshan Link Road for auxiliary ventilation of the stope. After the mining of each layer is completed, it will enter the next mining cycle.

Example 3

In the first step, the panel area is 200m long along the strike, and the oblique length of the dip is controlled according to the segmental height of 20m. The panel area is divided into 4 stopes according to the strike length of 50m; The width is 3~4m. According to the stability of the roof, regular point pillars and 10m top pillars are left in the stope; in the third step, return air is arranged on the footwall of the segmented roadway along the trend of the ore body every 500m; The cycle of rock formation, ore extraction and stratified filling is 30 days. The mining operation is carried out by the first stratified cutting and level entry, and the stratified mining height is 5.0m. φ56mm. All the other steps are as in Example 1.

Claims (7)

1. a mechanization point pillar house column mining method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: stope layout, stopping sequence, adopt accurate cutting, back production, rock drilling, roof control, ore removal, ventilation, be specially:

The first step: stope is arranged: panel and stope are arranged and inscape: panel across pitch is arranged, the long 180 ~ 220m of panel across pitch, tendency plagioclase is controlled by 18 ~ 22m height of lift, in panel, is divided into 4 stopes by strike length 45 ~ 55m; Across strike is stayed studding between stope and between panel, and studding width 3 ~ 4m stays regular point post according to steady of roof in stope, stays 8 ~ 12m fore-set simultaneously;

Second step: stopping sequence: multilayer ore body is exploited simultaneously, guarantees levels ore body studding and puts post in vertical non-alignment;

The 3rd step: adopt accurate cutting: adopt arteries and veins external lower disk development layout form; Arrange segmentation drift at lower floor's ore body lower wall across pitch, arrange and wear arteries and veins ore removal connection road, be convenient to scraper and enter slicing working face; Arrange rockhole, sensible transport of water paperback ore deposit Chuan Mai at panel medium position; Tiltedly go up a hill at the every 480 ~ 530m layout of segmentation tunnel lower wall return air along orebody trend, UNICOM's top tailgate; In the middle part of correspondingly between two adjacent return air are gone up a hill, segmentation formation air intake is gone up a hill from bottom to top, both coordinate, and formation exploiting field is entered, return air channel, enter stope at stope middle part by segmentation main line digging ore removal connection road, when ore removal connection road is dug in each segmentation for the first time, dig to ore body base plate by 15% ~ 18% the gradient downwards, level is dug to upper strata ore body roof afterwards, afterwards along with the decline of sublayer, bear down on one along ore removal connection road, form the ore removal passage of next layering; In each layer of ore body base plate arteries and veins, dug cutting gallery by ore removal route to stope end, then along the ore body incline direction digging stope return air top segment level of going up a hill, dig afterwards return air and join road and upper segmentation main line UNICOM along the pulse;

The 4th step: back production: 4 stopes in panel, arrange by rock drilling, ore removal process procedure, in 2 stopes, carry out rock drilling, explosion, roof control; 1 stope carries out ore removal operation; 1 stope is adopted standard, and by standard extent calculation, rock drilling, ore removal and slicing and filling cycle are 28 ~ 35 days, and stoping operation is launched by first layer cutting gallery, slicing height 4.8 ~ 5.2m;

The 5th step: rock drilling: adopt driving chassis along orebody trend Drilling lateral aperture, aperture φ 56mm, hole depth 3m, W=1.0m ~ 1.2m, a=1.2m ~ 1.4m; Adopt BQF ~ 100 explosive loader to join mobile platform dress 2# rock dynamite, the Nonel detonator detonates; Lean ore body and receive residual employing yt28 rock drill and coordinate;

The 6th step: roof control: after explosion is ventilated, carry out top board nursery work, first adopt sled anchor chassis to carry out top board float stone, turquoise cleaning, then look top board situation, adopt rock bolting jumbo to reinforce top board, adopt pipe-seam type anchor rod Strengthening Roof, anchor pole spacing 1.0 × 1.0m, length is greater than 1.5m, and Area cracked adopts anchor net to reinforce;

The 7th step: ore removal: adopt 3m³Diesel LHD ore removal, averge distance carried is at 145 ~ 155m, scraper efficiency 700t/d ~ 800t/d; Lean ore body and receive residual employing 2m³Scraper coordinates;

The 8th step: ventilate: freshly distinguished and admirablely enter stope mining face by segmentation drift, dirty wind is gone up a hill and is returned back out, enters upper segment section main line by the return air that is arranged on stope end, entering exploiting field return air by return air connection road goes up a hill, enter again mine return air system, the return air connection road of going up a hill in the inherent top of stope arranges JK55 ~ No4 portable blower, make stope secondary ventilation, each slicing is complete, enters the circulation of back production next time.

2. mechanization point pillar house column mining method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described multilayer ore body is three layers of middle thickness orebody, accompanies one deck horsestone between any two.

3. mechanization point pillar house column mining method according to claim 1, is characterized in that a post specification is 3 × 3m, some intercolumniation 10～13m.

4. mechanization point pillar house column mining method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described driving chassis is Boomer281 type or AXERAD05 type.

5. mechanization point pillar house column mining method according to claim 1, is characterized in that across pitch long 200m in panel in the first step, and tendency plagioclase is controlled by 20m height of lift, in panel, is divided into 4 stopes by strike length 50m; Across strike is stayed studding between stope and between panel, and studding width 3 ~ 4m stays regular point post according to steady of roof in stope, stays 10m fore-set simultaneously.

6. mechanization point pillar house column mining method according to claim 1, is characterized in that tiltedly going up a hill at the every 500m layout of segmentation tunnel lower wall return air along orebody trend in the 3rd step.

7. mechanization point pillar house column mining method according to claim 1, is characterized in that slicing height 5m in the 4th step.