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CN104328313B - A kind of deformation Zn-base alloy of high intensity - Google Patents

A kind of deformation Zn-base alloy of high intensity Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104328313B
CN104328313B CN201410596824.XA CN201410596824A CN104328313B CN 104328313 B CN104328313 B CN 104328313B CN 201410596824 A CN201410596824 A CN 201410596824A CN 104328313 B CN104328313 B CN 104328313B
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base alloy
deformation
alloy
content
high intensity
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CN104328313A (en
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孙文声
王丽强
陈永力
吴凤
吴一凤
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Ningbo Powerway Alloy Material Co Ltd
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Ningbo Powerway Alloy Material Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C18/00Alloys based on zinc
    • C22C18/02Alloys based on zinc with copper as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C18/00Alloys based on zinc
    • C22C18/04Alloys based on zinc with aluminium as the next major constituent

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

The percentage by weight composition of the deformation Zn-base alloy of high intensity disclosed by the invention includes: Cu:5 ~ 15 wt%, Al:7 ~ 20 wt%, Mg:0.01 ~ 1.5 wt%, Cr:0.01 ~ 2.0 wt%, surplus is Zn and inevitable impurity, and the microstructure of this Zn-base alloy contains tiny eutectoid structure and the Zn Al Cu ternary eutectic tissue of zinc-rich of the Al Zn Cu ternary composition of tiny and equally distributed primary phase ε, rich aluminum.The tensile strength of alloy material of the present invention in more than 500MPa, HV hardness more than 120, elongation percentage more than 10%, conductivity is at more than 26%IACS, there is good machinability simultaneously, can be applied in the industries such as attaching plug, electronic and electrical equipment and communications connectors as the succedaneum of traditional copper alloy especially tradition ledrite.

Description

A kind of deformation Zn-base alloy of high intensity
Technical field
The present invention relates to Zn-base alloy and application thereof, be specifically related to the deformation Zn-base alloy of a kind of high intensity, should Alloy material can be applicable to electronics, electric utility.
Background technology
All the time, the research and development of zinc-containing alloy are focused mostly at casting field by people, the most high-strength to deformation zinc alloy The deformation zinc alloy research of degree is the fewest, but the problem that the kirsite including cast zinc alloy generally exists low strength, it is impossible to Meeting Current electronic, the field demand to high intensity (more than 500MPa) such as electrically, and plasticity is poor, machinability is difficult to Meet requirement.
Traditional zinc die casting alloys is based on Zn-Cu or Zn-Al bianry alloy and Zn-Al-Cu system, but its intensity generally exists 200~400MPa, hardness is generally 60~100HV, the problem that there is intensity and lower hardness, and uses casting, it is impossible to Meet the machining requirement of current machining industry.As a example by ZA-12 cast zinc alloy, the tension of its sand casting product is strong Degree between 276~317MPa, the tensile strength of permanent mold casting product between 310~345MPa, compression casting product anti- Though tensile strength increases, but also can only achieve about 404MPa.
The U.S. zinc die casting alloys trade mark ZA-12:10.8~11.5%Al, 0.5~1.2%Cu, 0.020~0.030%Mg, Fe≤0.065%, Pb≤0.005%, Cd≤0.005%, Sn≤0.002%, remaining is Zn.The tensile strength of this alloy at about 400MPa, Elongation percentage 4~7%, HV:95~115.This trade mark zinc die casting alloys and conventional cast kirsite (sand casting, metal casting) Compare, have been carried out higher intensity, but tensile strength is still unable to reach more than 450MPa, and machining can not be used, Greatly limit the application in terms of substituting copper alloy.
The U.S. zinc die casting alloys trade mark ZA-27:25~28%Al, 2.0~2.5%Cu, 0.012~0.020%Mg, Fe≤0.072%, Pb≤0.005%, Cd≤0.005%, Sn≤0.002%, remaining is Zn.The tensile strength of this alloy is about 420MPa, prolongs Rate of stretching 1~3%, HV:105~125.Along with the raising of Al and Cu content, the deformation zinc alloy produced by pressure casting method is being carried High-tensile aspect does not has great raising.
The most in the industry deformation zinc alloy is researched and developed, has been improved by suitable composition adjustment, extruding or drawing process, To meet machinability requirement, but various types of deformation zinc alloy yet suffers from asking of intensity relatively low (general < 450MPa) Topic, the tensile strength of the deformation zinc alloy ZnAl10-5 of such as As-extruded is only 343.4~441.5MPa, it is impossible to meet high intensity The demand of field alloy, limits the kirsite replacement to traditional copper alloy.
The deformation zinc alloy trade mark ZnAl10-2:9~11%Al, 1.5~2.5%Cu, 0.02~0.05%Mg, remaining is Zn.This conjunction The tensile strength of gold As-extruded is 343.4~451.3MPa, elongation percentage 15~20%, hardness HV95-100.Although this alloy is also Deformation zinc alloy, but tensile strength is still far below 500MPa.
The deformation zinc alloy trade mark ZnAl10-5:9~11%Al, 4.5~5.5%Cu, 0.02~0.05%Mg, remaining is Zn.This conjunction The tensile strength of gold As-extruded is 343.4~441.5MPa, elongation percentage 12~18%, hardness HV90~100.Although this alloy is right Cu content is improved, but tensile strength does not improve compared with ZnAl10-2.
Along with household electrical appliance environmental-protecting performance requirement is improved constantly, the harmful elements such as the lead in material, cadmium be it is also proposed more High requirement, and these elements be not kirsite must added elements, therefore kirsite has environment-friendly advantage.China's zinc resource storage The 1st, the Liang Ju world, and copper resource is the deficientest, therefore carries out the research and development of high-performance deformation zinc alloy material, replacement portion Dividing Cu alloy material, for saving China's copper resource in short supply, comprehensive high-efficiency utilizes zinc resource, alleviates China's copper resource increasingly Serious bottleneck problem is extremely urgent.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is, the intensity generally existed for existing Zn-base alloy is low, plasticity is poor Problem, by the means of alloying, it is achieved kirsite tissue uniformly with refinement, it is provided that a kind of intensity be up to more than 500MPa, There is the deformation Zn-base alloy of the high intensity of good plasticity.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that above-mentioned technical problem used: the deformation Zn-base alloy of a kind of high intensity, this zinc The percentage by weight composition of base alloy material includes: Cu:5~15wt%, Al:7~20wt%, Mg:0.01~1.5wt%, Cr: 0.01~2.0wt%, surplus is Zn and inevitable impurity, and the microstructure of this Zn-base alloy contains tiny and uniformly divides Primary phase ε of cloth, the tiny eutectoid structure of Al-Zn-Cu ternary composition of rich aluminum and the Zn-Al-Cu ternary eutectic tissue of zinc-rich.
Al forms primary α dendrite and eutectic α phase with the α-Al solid solution thereof rich in aluminum, and a small amount of Al is solid-solution in η-Zn solid solution In body, acting primarily as invigoration effect in the alloy, along with the raising of Al content, the intensity of alloy, hardness improve, but plasticity reduces. Suitable Al content can also improve the mobility of alloy casting, anti-oxidation, and improves pressure machining characteristics, but works as Al When content is higher than 7%, although the intensity of kirsite and hardness increase, but plasticity declines to a great extent, and processing characteristics the most substantially deteriorates, Easily ftracture when drawing or punch process.Alloy of the present invention adds the Cu of Al, 5~the 15wt% of 7~20wt%, is a kind of The deformation Zn-base alloy of high alumina high-copper, high alumina and high-copper each play the effect of strengthening matrix, the Al-Zn-Cu of the rich aluminum of formation The tiny eutectoid structure of ternary composition and the Zn-Al-Cu ternary eutectic tissue also lifting to intensity of zinc-rich serve important work With, experiment finds, while these tlv triple are woven in lifting intensity, the plasticity of alloy is had castering action equally, namely Saying, the present invention deforms Zn-base alloy and is capable of the combination of high intensity and high-ductility, and this goes back in conventional kirsite research Do not find.
In the strengthening mechanism of alloy of the present invention, the solution strengthening effect played in Zn except Al and the Al-Zn-Cu ternary of rich aluminum Outside eutectoid structure, the Zn-Al-Cu ternary eutectic tissue of zinc-rich, second-phase strength effect equal for ε, also include refined crystalline strengthening, Refined crystalline strengthening also has important effect to intensity and the plasticity raising of alloy of the present invention.ε phase and ternary tissue present tiny and equal Even distribution, each self strengthening mechanism comprehensive function so that material is capable of high intensity and high plasticity.
But the content of Al and Cu is the highest more good, the present inventor is by the cast zinc alloy of different Al, Cu content and change Discovery compared by shape kirsite, improves the content of both elements, and intensity does not significantly improve, and declines the most on the contrary.When Al content During more than 20wt%, when Cu content is more than 15wt%, the intensity of material occurs declining on the contrary, processing characteristics severe exacerbation, no It is capable of desired properties, therefore Cu content is controlled 5~15wt%, Al content is controlled 7~20wt%.The present invention is led to Cross the alloying mechanism of research Al, Cu base kirsite, arranged in pairs or groups by both suitable ratios, and by other alloy elements, Work out high intensity, high-ductility, free machining deformation zinc alloy.
Cu has little solid solubility, a part of Cu to be solid-solution in the matrix of zinc in Zn-base alloy, and more mainly with Presented in intermetallic compound CuZn5 (ε) phase, the content of this intermetallic compound improves with the increase of copper content, The raising of intensity can be caused, reduce its plasticity simultaneously.The alloy of the present invention by realize equally distributed crystal grain refinement tissue, This for improve intensity, improve plasticity and play critical effect, this be due to containing high-copper, high alumina zinc-containing alloy in four The generation of phase in version, eliminates the thick of as-cast structure and non-uniform phenomenon, thus realizes the refinement of tissue, and this is for improving machine Tool performance and processing characteristics play facilitation, are capable of high-strength when therefore being controlled in the range of 5~15wt% by Cu content Degree and the perfect adaptation of high-ductility.
A small amount of magnesium plays purification crystal boundary in the alloy of zinc-aluminium base, stops zinc-aluminium element due to electrochemical factors generation intercrystalline corrosion Danger, the most appropriate magnesium and the element such as zinc, aluminum the most easily form tiny Second Phase Particle, in material loading procedure Dislocation motion produces pinning effect, thus improves the intensity of material.And the magnesium of excess to make Zn-base alloy occur serious crisp Change, therefore Mg content is controlled 0.01~1.5wt%.
Chromium primarily forms fusing point height and the tiny intermetallic compound being distributed in matrix in the alloy, plays raising intensity with hard The effect of degree.But the content of chromium is too low, strengthen DeGrain;Chromium too high levels, is easily formed and is mingled with and improves cost of material. Therefore, the content of chromium is controlled 0.01~2.0wt% by the present invention.
The average particle size particle size of described primary phase ε is less than 10 microns, and described primary phase ε is at the microcosmic of this Zn-base alloy Volume fraction in tissue is 30~90%.From stereoscan photograph it can be seen that alloy grain degree is less than 10um, ε phase and three Unit's tissue presents tiny and is uniformly distributed, and the ratio of ε phase accounts for 30~90%, and therefore comprehensive function allows the material to realize height Intensity and high plasticity.
Described primary phase ε volume fraction in the microstructure of this Zn-base alloy is 60~80%.
Above-mentioned deformation Zn-base alloy may also include X:0.001~0.7wt%, described X be Mn, Zr, Ti, Ni, V, At least one in RE and Si.
The content of described Mn is 0.001~0.1wt%, and the content of Zr is 0.001~0.1wt%, and the content of described Ti is 0.001~0.1wt%, the content of described Ni is 0.001~0.1wt%, and the content of described V is 0.001~0.1wt%, described The content of RE be 0.001~0.1wt%, the content of described Si is 0.001~0.05wt%.
Mn, Zr, Ti, Ni, V, RE, Si are present in the matrix of zinc with a small amount of intermetallic compound phase form respectively, rise Effect to strengthening.In kirsite, add Mn can refine kirsite tissue, improve comprehensive mechanical property.Experiment shows, In kirsite, add appropriate Mn, intensity and the hardness of alloy in the case of not affecting elongation percentage, can be improved.Additionally, Mn can generate dystectic zinc-manganese compound (ξ phase) on the matrix crystal boundary of zinc, it is possible to increases the diffusion activation energy on crystal boundary, Reduce the diffusion velocity of atom, thus put forward heavy alloyed tensile strength.Tested by substantial amounts of alloying, the Mn finally determined Suitable addition in kirsite is 0.001~0.1wt%.Zirconium has crystal grain thinning and prevents the effect of segregation, and rare earth metal has There is the effect of crystal grain thinning and deoxygenation.If the content of Mn, Zr, Ti, Ni, V, RE, Si and total amount are less than 0.001wt%, Then do not have invigoration effect, otherwise if more than 0.7wt%, then the plastic deformation ability of alloy can be made to be remarkably decreased, cause processing Existing difficulty, in alloy the most of the present invention, controls for 0.001~0.1wt% respectively by the content of Mn, Zr, Ti, Ni, V, RE, The content of Si controls 0.001~0.05wt%.
Tensile strength >=the 500MPa of above-mentioned deformation Zn-base alloy, elongation percentage >=10%.
The application in attaching plug, communications connectors and electronic and electrical equipment of the above-mentioned deformation Zn-base alloy.
The production procedure of alloy of the present invention mainly includes founding, extrudes, stretches and anneal.Founding can use vertical semicontinuous Casting or hot top casting, it would however also be possible to employ horizontal continuous-casting technique or permanent casting technique.Owing to the fusing point of zinc-containing alloy compares Low, therefore its mode of heating can be varied, and reverberatory furnace, main frequency furnace, induction heater, resistance furnace etc. can use. Extruding uses horizontal extruder forward or backwards.According to practical situation, after taking different annealings, use broaching machine or connection Close drawbench and make the final products of various sizes.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that: cannot realize high-strength based on conventional cast kirsite and deformation zinc alloy Degree, the present situation of high-ductility, the microstructure of the deformation Zn-base alloy of the high intensity that the present invention obtains contains tiny and uniformly divides Primary phase ε of cloth, the tiny eutectoid structure of Al-Zn-Cu ternary composition of rich aluminum and the Zn-Al-Cu ternary eutectic tissue of zinc-rich, Its tensile strength in more than 500MPa, HV hardness more than 120, elongation percentage more than 10%, conductivity is at 26%IACS Above, having good machinability, compared with existing cast zinc alloy and deformation zinc alloy, tool increases significantly simultaneously, Attaching plug, electronic and electrical equipment and communication can be applied to connect as the succedaneum of traditional copper alloy especially tradition ledrite In the industries such as device.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is copper-rich phase equally distributed embodiment 1 high-strength deformation zinc-containing alloy stereoscan photograph;
Fig. 2 is the stereoscan photograph of the fine tissue in the zinc-rich region of the 2-in-1 gold of embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the EDAX results in Fig. 2 at A;
Fig. 4 is the stereoscan photograph of the tiny alloy structure of the rich aluminium zones of embodiment 3 alloy;
Fig. 5 is the EDAX results in Fig. 4 at B;
Fig. 6 is the stereoscan photograph of the pattern of the primary phase of embodiment 4 alloy;
Fig. 7 is the EDAX results in Fig. 6 at C.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Have chosen 25 embodiment alloys and 2 comparative example alloys, use induction melting or gas heating master alloy melting, then The method using casting or diecasting continuously makes the strand of diameter 170mm, is hot extruded into diameter at a temperature of 180~380 DEG C The bar of 13mm, eventually passes the cold drawn finished product being processed into Ф 12mm.
Tensile test at room temperature exists according to " GB/T228.1-2010 metal material stretching test part 1: room temperature test method " Carrying out on electronic universal testing machine for mechanical properties, sample adoption rate coefficient is the circular section proportional test bar of 12mm, draw speed For 5mm/min.
Embodiment, the composition of comparative example and the performance test results are shown in Table 1.
As seen from Table 1, the tensile strength of alloy material embodiment of the present invention is 515~580MPa, and HV hardness is 120~161, Elongation percentage is 10.1~19.8%, and the volume fraction of ε phase is 68~90%.
After testing, the conductivity of each embodiment is all at more than 26%IACS.

Claims (7)

1. the deformation Zn-base alloy of a high intensity, it is characterized in that, the percentage by weight composition of this Zn-base alloy includes: Cu:5 ~ 15 wt%, Al:7 ~ 20 wt%, Mg:0.01 ~ 1.5 wt%, Cr:0.01 ~ 2.0 wt%, surplus is Zn and inevitable impurity, and the microstructure of this Zn-base alloy contains tiny eutectoid structure and the Zn-Al-Cu ternary eutectic tissue of zinc-rich of the Al-Zn-Cu ternary composition of tiny and equally distributed primary phase ε, rich aluminum.
The deformation Zn-base alloy of a kind of high intensity the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the average particle size particle size of described primary phase ε is less than 10 microns, and described primary phase ε volume fraction in the microstructure of this Zn-base alloy is 30 ~ 90%.
The deformation Zn-base alloy of a kind of high intensity the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described primary phase ε volume fraction in the microstructure of this Zn-base alloy is 60 ~ 80%.
4. according to the deformation Zn-base alloy of a kind of high intensity according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that also include that X:0.001 ~ 0.7 wt%, described X are at least one in Mn, Zr, Ti, Ni, V, RE and Si.
The deformation Zn-base alloy of a kind of high intensity the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the content of described Mn is 0.001 ~ 0.1 wt%, the content of Zr is 0.001 ~ 0.1 wt%, and the content of described Ti is 0.001 ~ 0.1 Wt%, the content of described Ni is 0.001 ~ 0.1 wt%, and the content of described V is 0.001 ~ 0.1 wt%, and the content of described RE is 0.001 ~ 0.1 Wt%, the content of described Si is 0.001 ~ 0.05 wt%.
6. according to the deformation Zn-base alloy of a kind of high intensity according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that the tensile strength >=500MPa of this Zn-base alloy, elongation percentage >=10%.
7. the deformation Zn-base alloy application in attaching plug, communications connectors and electronic and electrical equipment of a kind of high intensity according to any one of claim 1-3.
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PCT/CN2014/001014 WO2016065498A1 (en) 2014-10-29 2014-11-13 High-strength deformable zinc-based alloy material

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CN105506380A (en) * 2015-11-10 2016-04-20 太仓捷公精密金属材料有限公司 Corrosion-resistant zinc-aluminium alloy
CN106521241B (en) * 2016-10-21 2018-03-27 宁波博威合金材料股份有限公司 It is a kind of can cold-heading deformation zinc alloy and its application
CN107022697B (en) * 2017-04-27 2018-10-26 中南大学 High-strength creep-resistant zinc-aluminum alloy
CN107177755B (en) * 2017-07-24 2018-09-21 烟台市睿丰新材料科技有限公司 High-strength, high-anti-friction zinc-containing alloy, its casting preparation method and dedicated unit
CN111621672B (en) * 2020-07-03 2021-08-06 广东省材料与加工研究所 A kind of zinc alloy and preparation method thereof

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