CN104294924A - Solar energy and phase-change energy storage material integrated energy self-maintaining building - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy self-sustaining building integrated with solar energy and phase-change energy storage materials, including a phase-change house and a solar system on the roof. The concrete floor of the phase-change house is embedded with a phase-change casing, and a phase-change material is arranged inside the phase-change casing, and a plurality of phase-change casings are arranged horizontally to form a phase-change material layer, and the phase-change material is an inorganic phase-change material, an organic Eutectic mixture of phase change materials or organic phase change materials; a ventilation layer is set between the cement floor and the ground, the ventilation layer is the same as the outdoor air through the ventilation window, and the holes set on the cement floor communicate with the ventilation layer. The solar collector forms a complete solar water heating system circulation loop through the pipeline and the phase change sleeve. The invention can be used across seasons, heats the house through the solar system in winter, cools the house through natural ventilation in summer, stabilizes the indoor thermal environment through the phase change material, utilizes renewable energy to the greatest extent, and reduces building energy consumption.

Description

Energy self-sustaining buildings integrated with solar energy and phase change energy storage materials

technical field

The invention relates to a residential house, in particular to a house that realizes self-sustaining heating energy through the integrated design and application of solar photothermal technology and phase change energy storage materials. It belongs to the field of green building and renewable energy utilization.

Background technique

In recent years, the whole society has paid more and more attention to ecology and energy conservation, and the state has successively introduced a series of policies and regulations to guide energy conservation work. One of the key points is building energy conservation. my country has a large population and various forms of living. Although my country's urbanization has been proceeding at a relatively rapid pace in recent years, and most urban and urban residents have entered residential quarters, they still live in vast rural areas and some urban areas. There are a large number of detached houses with relatively simple forms and high energy consumption levels. In order to alleviate the energy problem, the country promulgated the "Renewable Energy Law" in 2006 to promote the use of renewable energy. However, these regulations and policies have had little effect in the field of independent housing, whether it is rural or urban. How to improve the field of independent housing Increasing the proportion of renewable energy in the energy structure of China is a subject worth noting and researching.

Renewable energy includes solar energy, wind energy, hydraulic energy, tidal energy, etc. Compared with my country, the utilization of solar energy has a greater advantage. First of all, my country has a vast territory and diverse climates and environments. Solar energy has no geographical restrictions. It can be used everywhere no matter on land, ocean or alpine islands, and can be directly used without mining and transportation. Secondly, solar energy is one of the cleanest energy sources. Clean energy is extremely valuable in today's increasingly prominent environmental problems. Thirdly, the energy stored in the sun is huge. The total amount of solar energy reaching the earth in one year is equivalent to about 189.2×101.6 billion tons of standard coal, which can be said to be inexhaustible.

my country is rich in solar energy resources, but the utilization form is relatively single, especially in the vast rural areas and independent buildings in some urban areas, the main way of utilization is still to use solar water heaters to provide domestic hot water. With the increasing improvement of solar energy utilization technology and building integration technology, the application of solar collectors is not limited to the single function of providing domestic hot water, but also in heating, cooling, drying and other industrial applications. Great utilization potential.

Solar energy is widely distributed, but limited by natural factors such as day and night, seasons, and geographical latitude, and affected by random factors such as sunny, cloudy, rainy, and even haze, solar energy is extremely unstable. In order to make solar energy a continuous and stable energy source, various energy storage technologies are the preferred solutions, and among them, phase change material energy storage technology has the most advantages in the utilization of solar energy in buildings, which are mainly reflected in the following points: First, each Phase change-like materials will absorb or release latent heat of phase change during the phase change process, and its heat is much larger than the sensible heat. For housing, this can save construction space and reduce costs. Secondly, the temperature of the material itself remains almost constant or changes slightly during the phase transition process, forming a wide temperature platform, which is of great significance for maintaining a constant temperature. Thirdly, there are many kinds of phase change materials, and different materials have different physical properties, which can be selected for a certain type of house according to its function and requirements. Finally, phase change material is a material with strong heat storage capacity and high thermal inertia. It is used as a building material in the building enclosure structure, and it has a significant effect on stabilizing the indoor temperature. On the basis of energy saving, it can also improve the indoor thermal environment. Buildings are more livable.

Chinese patent No. ZL201210169219.5 discloses a solar energy phase change energy storage composite material composed of palmitic acid, myristic acid and paraffin. The phase change energy storage composite material has no additives, has large phase change latent heat and high heat storage capacity. Its endothermic peak is at 46-50°C, and its exothermic peak is at about 44°C. For floor radiant heating, fill the phase change energy storage composite material in the heat storage tank, install the heat storage tank between the solar water heater and the hot water tank, and the phase change composite material solidifies at night or when the ambient temperature drops Heat release, so as to continue to provide the required hot water of about 40°C to the radiant floor heater to ensure normal heating. The problem with this composite material and its application method is that the phase change temperature is higher than the normal room temperature, and it is completely solidified when the room temperature rises in summer. It is impossible to realize the inter-seasonal application of the phase change material to adjust the indoor temperature, and it can only be carried out in the heating season. use. Secondly, if the temperature of the hot water supplied to the room is too high, extreme problems such as overheating the room and rapid drop of the room temperature after the heating is stopped will appear. Thirdly, placing the phase change material at the hot water tank not only makes the amount of the phase change material smaller and the energy storage capacity lower to a certain extent, but also ignores the important role of the phase change material in maintaining room temperature stability.

The Chinese patent No. ZL201320137266.1 discloses a household central solar heating system, which is used to provide heat for floor heating in the house, including a heat collector, a water tank connected to the heat collector pipeline, and a water tank connected to the water tank pipeline. The floor heating floor, the water tank is connected with a cold water pipe, the floor heating floor is provided with a base layer, an extruded polystyrene board layer, a heat insulation layer, and a floor layer in sequence from bottom to top, and the floor layer and the heat insulation layer are laid at intervals. The water pipes are filled with phase change materials between adjacent water pipes. The underfloor heating floor is filled with phase-change material body. When the underfloor heating floor receives the hot water provided by the water tank, the phase-change material body can absorb the heat in the hot water and store it, and continue to heat the underfloor heating floor at night, thereby improving solar heating. Efficiency, also reduces the capacity of the tank. The problem with this system is that it can only be used in the heating season and cannot be used across seasons. Secondly, through its description, it can be deduced that the phase change material is only used as a heat storage unit in this system, and the role of the phase change material in maintaining room temperature stability is ignored. Thirdly, the phase change material is filled between the water pipes and separated from the water system, which will reduce the heat storage capacity of the phase change material and limit the amount used.

The Chinese patent No. ZL200910310405.4 discloses a solar energy integrated house. There is a pebble heat storage layer under the indoor floor, and a grid hole plate is placed under the pebble heat storage layer. A pebble layer air duct is laid between the grid hole plate and the ground. One side of the pebble layer air duct is connected to the air inlet at the root of the house wall, the other side of the pebble layer air duct is connected to the air outlet at the root of the other wall of the house, the air inlet has louvers that can be closed, and the air outlet There is an exhaust fan; the air outlet of the solar air collector is connected with the air duct of the pebble layer through the air supply pipe, the air inlet of the solar air collector is connected with the air outlet pipe, and the upper ends of the air supply pipe and the air outlet pipe protrude On the roof, the lower end of the air outlet pipe extends to the interior of the house. Although the design of the house can be used across seasons, there are problems. First, it uses pebbles for sensible heat storage, and its heat storage is bound to be small; And there is the bigger defect of loss.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to solve the problems of high energy consumption of single buildings and low utilization rate of renewable energy. Provide a house that integrates solar thermal technology and phase change energy storage technology, so as to realize the efficient and multiple utilization of solar energy in single houses in winter, while maintaining the comfort and stability of the indoor thermal environment in other seasons,

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions.

An energy self-sustaining building integrated with solar energy and phase change energy storage materials, including a phase change house and a solar energy system, characterized in that the north wall of the phase change house 1 is provided with an outer door 23, and the south wall is provided with an outer window 24; phase change sleeves 2 are buried in the cement floor 29, and each phase change sleeve 2 is provided with a phase change material, and a plurality of phase change sleeves 2 are arranged horizontally to form a phase change material layer; between the cement floor 29 and the ground 28 There is a ventilation layer 4 in between, and the ventilation layer 4 is a space, which is separated into an approximate air duct by two staggered masonry structures 34 inside, and the masonry structure 34 is also used as a load-bearing structure to support the cement floor 29; The south wall vents 25 are arranged at 4 places near the ventilation layer in the lower part of the wall, and the north wall vents 26 are arranged at 4 places near the ventilation layer at the lower part of the north wall; holes 27 are arranged on the cement floor 29 near the east wall or west wall of the phase change house 1 , the hole 27 communicates with the ventilation layer 4;

The roof of the phase-change house 1 is provided with a solar system, and the solar system includes a solar collector 3, and the solar collector 3 forms a complete integrated system with the phase-change casing 2 through the hot water supply pipeline 6 and the hot water return pipeline 7. Circulation circuit of the solar water heating system; the solar heat collector 3 is composed of a heat collection unit A17 and a heat collection unit B33, which are respectively arranged on angle steel brackets with a slope of 45 degrees and arranged in the order of up and down; the heat collection unit A17 and the heat collection unit The top of unit B33 is provided with collector water tank A16 and collector water tank B32; The collector water tank B33 is connected in series through pipelines; the hot water return pipeline 7 is provided with a water pump 5, a replenishment tank 11, a solenoid valve 12 and a water collector 9; the hot water supply pipeline 6 is provided with a heat meter 10, The water container 8 is also provided with a bottom automatic exhaust valve 15, a middle automatic exhaust valve 14 and a top automatic exhaust valve 13;

The phase change sleeve 2 is composed of two layers of steel pipes inside and outside, an inner tube 19 is arranged at the concentric position of the outer tube 18 in the longitudinal direction, and a circular fin 20 for enhancing heat transfer is arranged between the inner tube 19 and the tube wall of the outer tube 18 The inner pipe 19 is a water pipeline, and its two ends are respectively provided with an interface A30 and an interface B31, which are respectively used as a water inlet and a water outlet; the two ends of the outer pipe 18 are closed, and there are interface A and interface B; the inner pipe 19 Between the outer tube 18 and the ribs 20, it is divided into a phase change material filling cavity 22, and a phase change material is provided in the phase change material filling cavity 22; an interface 21 is provided on the side of one end of the outer tube 18, as a phase change material filling hole and The interface of the automatic exhaust valve; the inner pipe 19 is connected with the hot water return pipeline 7 through the water collector 9 , and is connected with the hot water supply pipeline 6 through the water distributor 8 .

The phase change house 1 has a length of 3m-10m, a width of 2m-5m, and a height of 3-4.5m. The wall is made of solid brick wall, hollow brick wall or concrete wall with a thickness of 240mm-370mm, and an insulation material with a thickness of 20mm-60mm is installed on the outside; The roof is a cast-in-place concrete roof or a prefabricated slab roof, with a thickness of 150mm to 300mm, and externally installed 20mm to 60mm thick insulation material; the heat transfer coefficient of the wall is less than 0.55W/m ² .K, and the heat transfer coefficient of the roof is less than 0.6W/m ^2.K.

The outer door 23 set on the north wall is 1.8m-2.2m high and 0.8m-1.2m wide; the outer window 24 set on the south wall is 1.2m-1.8m high and 1.2m-1.5m wide; the door and window frame material is plastic steel Or broken bridge aluminum alloy.

Both the south wall vent 25 and the north wall vent 26 can be opened and closed, and the hole 27 is provided with a cover plate to control the air flow in the building.

The phase change material filled in the phase change material filling cavity 19 has a phase change temperature close to the indoor temperature, between 16-28°C, and can be an inorganic phase change material, an organic phase change material or an organic phase change material. eutectic mixture.

The eutectic mixture of the organic phase change material is a mixture of fatty acids and higher alcohols, the fatty acid is n-capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid; the higher alcohols are lauryl alcohol, decanol Tetrol, cetyl alcohol or stearyl alcohol; the mass ratio of fatty acid to higher alcohol is 46.4-97.5:2.5-53.6; the melting points of the fatty acid and higher alcohol are less than 80°C.

The water inlet of the phase change sleeve 2 is connected to the water separator 8, and the water outlet is connected to the water collector 9; the hot water generated by the solar collector 3 flows into the water separator 8 through the pipeline, and then flows into each The phase change sleeve conducts heat exchange, and then flows into the water collector 9, and finally flows back to the solar heat collector 3 through the pipeline to complete the cycle.

The solar hot water circulation system is the same program hot water heating system.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The house structure and the solar system are combined through the phase change casing, and the average energy utilization rate of solar heating can reach 49.6%, which is higher than the average level.

2. The phase change temperature of the selected phase change material is close to the indoor temperature, between 19-28°C, which can prevent indoor overheating and large fluctuations. The phase change latent heat of phase change materials is much larger than the sensible heat, which can fully meet the indoor heat demand at night.

3. The phase change material is laid on the floor, and there is a ventilation layer under it, which can realize inter-seasonal room temperature regulation; heat storage in winter and cold storage in summer.

4. The solar energy system uses hot water as the cooling and heating medium, which increases the cold and heat transmission capacity and improves the energy utilization rate.

5. The power consumption part of the whole house design is only the power consumption of the heating water pump in winter, and the average power consumption is only 1.3kWh per day, and there is no power consumption in the transition season and summer. The invention greatly saves conventional energy and reduces the discharge of carbon dioxide.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an energy self-sustaining building integrated with solar energy and phase change energy storage materials of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a top view of a house structure of an energy self-sustaining building integrated with solar energy and phase change energy storage materials of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the south wall and the north wall of an energy self-sustaining building integrated with solar energy and phase change energy storage materials of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the ventilation layer structure of the energy self-sustaining building integrated with solar energy and phase change energy storage materials of the present invention (A-A sectional view of Fig. 1);

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar energy system of an energy self-sustaining building integrated with solar energy and phase change energy storage materials of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the phase change sleeve structure of the energy self-sustaining building integrated with solar energy and phase change energy storage materials of the present invention;

The reference signs of the present invention are as follows:

1——phase change house 2——phase change casing

3——solar collector 4——ventilation layer

5——Water pump 6——Hot water supply pipeline

7——Hot water return pipeline 8——Water separator

9——Water collector 10——Heat meter

11——Water supply tank 12——Solenoid valve

13——Top automatic exhaust valve 14———Middle automatic exhaust valve

15———bottom automatic exhaust valve 16———collector water tank A

17——Heat collector unit A 18——Outer tube

19——Inner tube 20——Ribs

21——Interface 22——phase change material filling cavity

23——outer door 24——outer window

25——South wall vent 26——North wall vent

27——holes 28——ground

29——Concrete floor 30——Interface A

31———Interface B 32———Collector tank B

33——heat collection unit B 34——masonry structure

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.

The energy self-sustaining house designed by the present invention mainly includes two parts of a phase change house and a solar energy system.

The relevant structures of the phase change house 1 are shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. The external dimensions of the phase change house 1 are 3m×3m×3m, and a 1.8m× A 0.8m plastic-steel door 23, and a 1.2m×1.2m plastic-steel exterior window 24 is set on the south wall. The wall is made of 240mm slag hollow brick wall, and a 45mm thick polystyrene insulation board is installed on the outside; the roof is cast-in-place concrete roof, with a thickness of 150mm, and a 60mm thick polystyrene insulation board is installed on the outside. The phase change casing 2 for encapsulating the phase change material is embedded in the cement floor 29 to form a phase change material layer. The solar collector 3 is placed on the roof of the phase-change house 1, set on an angle steel support with a slope of 45 degrees, and forms a complete integrated system with the phase-change casing 2 through the hot water supply pipeline 6 and the hot water return pipeline 7. Solar water heating system circulation loop. Between the cement floor 29 and the ground 28, a ventilation layer 4 is arranged, and a 45mm thick polystyrene insulation board is pasted on the ground 28. The ventilation layer 4 is a space, and there are two staggered masonry structures 34 inside to divide the space into an approximate air duct shape (see FIG. 4 ). The masonry structures 34 also serve as load-bearing structures to support the concrete floor 29 . Ventilation layer 4 is provided with two vents 25 at the contact with the south wall, and one vent 26 at the contact with the north wall; the vents 25 of the south wall and the vents 26 of the north wall can be opened and closed to control the building. Internal air flow. A hole 27 is arranged on the floor of the phase change house 1 adjacent to the east wall or the west wall, and the hole 27 communicates with the ventilation layer 4; the hole 27 is provided with a cover plate that can be opened and closed (see FIG. 2 ).

The detailed structure of the solar system is shown in Figure 5. The solar collector is composed of a heat collection unit A17 and a heat collection unit B33, which are respectively installed on an angle steel welded bracket with a slope of 45 degrees, arranged in the order of up and down; the heat collection unit A17 and the heat collection unit The top of the heat unit B33 is equipped with a collector water tank A16 and a heat collector water tank B32; the collector water tank A16 is connected with the heat collection unit A17, the heat collector water tank B32 is connected with the heat A16 and collector water tank B33 are connected in series through pipelines.

A plurality of phase change casings 2 buried in parallel in the cement floor 29 are composed of two layers of steel pipes inside and outside (see Figure 6). The inner pipe 19 is arranged at the concentric position of the outer pipe 18 in the longitudinal direction, and the pipe walls of the inner pipe 19 and the outer pipe 18 are Circular fins 20 for enhanced heat transfer are arranged between them; the inner pipe 19 is a water pipeline, and its two ends are respectively provided with an interface A30 and an interface B31, which are respectively used as a water inlet and a water outlet; the two ends of the outer pipe 18 are closed , and interface A and interface B are left; the inner tube 19 and the outer tube 18 are divided into a phase change material filling cavity 19 by ribs 20, and a phase change material is arranged in the phase change material filling cavity 19; one end of the outer tube 18 The side is provided with an interface 21, which is used as the interface of the phase change material filling hole and the automatic exhaust valve. The phase change temperature of the phase change material is close to the room temperature, between 16-28°C, and may be an inorganic phase change material, an organic phase change material or a eutectic mixture of organic phase change materials. In this embodiment, a eutectic mixture of n-decanoic acid and cetyl alcohol is used, the mass ratio of which is 62.5:37.5, the melting temperature is 22.5°C, and the solidification temperature is 20.6°C.

The hot water supply pipeline 6 is provided with a water separator 8, and the hot water return pipeline 7 is provided with a water collector 9; The water inlet of the pipe 19 is connected, and the water separator 8 is connected with the hot water supply pipeline 6; the water collector 9 is also provided with a plurality of interfaces, which are respectively connected to the outlets of the inner pipes 19 of the multiple phase change sleeves 2. The water outlets are connected, and the water collector 9 is connected with the hot water return pipeline 7 . The upper end of the hot water supply pipeline 6 is connected with the collector water tank A16, and the lower end is connected with the top interface of the water distributor 7. The hot water supply pipeline 6 is also installed with top automatic exhaust valve 13, middle automatic exhaust valve 14, bottom automatic exhaust valve 15 and heat meter 10 successively from top to bottom, and it is wrapped with insulation material layer and Electric heating cable. The upper end of the hot water return pipeline 7 is connected with the heat collector water tank B32, and the lower end is connected with the bottom end interface of the water collector 9, forming the same program system with the hot water supply pipeline 6. The water separator 8 and the water collector 9 are on the same plane as the phase-change casing 2, and are buried in the cement floor 29 together with some pipelines. The whole has a slight slope, and a tee is provided at the downward point along the slope. One of them extends to the outside as a drainage pipe. The hot water return pipeline 7 is also equipped with a water pump 5, a replenishing water tank 11, a solenoid valve 12 and other valves, etc. sequentially from top to bottom. The hot water generated by the solar collector 3 flows into the water separator 8 through the pipeline, and then flows into each phase change sleeve through the water separator 8 for heat exchange, and then flows into the water collector 9, and finally flows back to the solar heat collector through the pipeline device 3 to complete the cycle.

Working process of the present invention is as follows:

Heating process in winter: the water pump 5 and solenoid valve 11 are controlled by the intelligent power control box, and three temperature probes are drawn from the control box and arranged in the collector water tank, water collector and indoor respectively. When the water temperature in the collector water tank reaches 30°C, And when the temperature of the water collector is lower than 18°C, the circulating water pump and the solenoid valve are turned on; when the temperature difference between the two temperature probes is less than 5°C, the water pump and the solenoid valve are turned off, and the system stops circulation; when the indoor temperature reaches or exceeds At 28°C, the water pump and solenoid valve will also be closed. During the whole winter operation, all the vents of the ventilation layer 4 are all closed, and the holes 27 are also closed.

Transition season process: all the vents of the ventilation layer 4 in the whole transition season are all closed, and the holes 23 are also closed. Solar system does not work. In the transition season, it completely relies on the natural regulation of the building itself, and does not involve human control.

Summer process: all the vents of the ventilation layer 4 are open. When the outdoor temperature is high during the day, the holes 27 are closed to prevent the outdoor air from entering the room and bring heat into the building. At the same time, it directly enters the room through heat transfer and sunlight. The excess heat is absorbed and stored by the phase change material; when the outdoor temperature is low at night and lower than the indoor temperature, the outer window 24 is opened, and the hole 27 is also in an open state, and the excess heat in the room and the phase change are released by natural ventilation. The heat stored during the day released by the solidification of the material is taken away. During the summer, the solar system does not operate.

Claims (8)

1. An energy self-sustaining building for the integrated application of solar energy and phase-change energy storage materials, comprising a phase-change house and a solar energy system, characterized in that, the north wall of the phase-change house (1) is provided with an outer door (23), The south wall is provided with an outer window (24); phase change sleeves (2) are buried in the cement floor (29), and each phase change sleeve (2) is provided with a phase change material, and a plurality of phase change sleeves (2 ) are arranged horizontally to form a phase change material layer; a ventilation layer (4) is arranged between the cement floor (29) and the ground (28). (34) divide it into an approximate air duct shape, and the masonry structure (34) supports the concrete floor (29) as a load-bearing structure at the same time; The north wall vent (26) is arranged near the ventilation layer (4) at the bottom of the wall; the phase change house (1) is provided with holes (27) on the cement floor (29) near the east wall or west wall, and the holes (27) and The ventilation layer (4) is connected; The roof of the phase-change house (1) is provided with a solar system, the solar system includes a solar collector (3), and the solar collector (3) passes through a hot water supply pipeline (6) and a hot water return pipeline (7) A complete solar water heating system circulation loop is formed with the phase change sleeve (2); the solar heat collector (3) is composed of a heat collection unit A (17) and a heat collection unit B (33), which are respectively arranged on a slope On the angle steel support of 45 degrees, they are arranged in the order of top and bottom; the top of the heat collection unit A (17) and the heat collection unit B (33) is provided with a heat collector water tank A (16) and a heat collector water tank B (32); The collector water tank A (16) is connected with the heat collecting unit A (17), the heat collector water tank B (32) is connected with the heat collecting unit B (33), and the heat collector water tank A (16) is connected with the heat collector The water tank B (33) is connected in series through pipelines; the hot water return pipeline (7) is provided with a water pump (5), a water replenishment tank (11), a solenoid valve (12) and a water collector (9); the hot water supply pipe The road (6) is provided with a heat meter (10), a water separator (8), and a bottom automatic exhaust valve (15), a middle automatic exhaust valve (14) and a top automatic exhaust valve (13); The phase change sleeve (2) is composed of two layers of steel pipes inside and outside, an inner pipe (19) is arranged at the concentric position of the outer pipe (18) in the longitudinal direction, and a pipe wall of the inner pipe (19) and the outer pipe (18) is arranged There are circular fins (20) to enhance heat transfer; the inner pipe (19) is a water pipeline, and its two ends are respectively provided with interface A (30) and interface B (31), which are respectively used as water inlet and water outlet; the outer pipe The two ends of (18) are closed, and there are interface A and interface B; the inner tube (19) and the outer tube (18) are divided into phase change material filling cavity (22) by ribs (20). A phase-change material is provided in the cavity (22) filled with a phase-change material; an interface (21) is provided on one side of the outer pipe (18) as the interface of the phase-change material filling hole and the automatic exhaust valve; the inner pipe (19) passes through the collection The water device (9) is connected with the hot water return pipeline (7), and is connected with the hot water supply pipeline (6) through the water divider (8). 2. The energy self-sustaining building integrated with solar energy and phase change energy storage materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase change house (1) is 3m-10m long, 2m-5m wide, and 3-4.5m high. m, the wall is made of 240mm-370mm thick solid brick wall, hollow brick wall or concrete wall, and 20mm-60mm thick insulation material is installed on the outside; 20mm ~ 60mm thick insulation material; the heat transfer coefficient of the wall is less than 0.55W/m2.K, and the heat transfer coefficient of the roof is less than 0.6W/m2.K. 3. The energy self-sustaining building for the integrated application of solar energy and phase change energy storage materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer door (23) set on the north wall is 1.8m-2.2m high and 0.8m-2m wide. 1.2m; the outer window (24) arranged on the south wall is 1.2m-1.8m high and 1.2m-1.5m wide; the outer frame material of the door and window is plastic steel or broken bridge aluminum alloy. 4. The energy self-sustaining building integrated with solar energy and phase change energy storage materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the south wall vent (25) and the north wall vent (26) can be opened and closed , the hole (27) is provided with a cover plate to control the flow of air in the building. 5. The energy self-sustaining building for the integrated application of solar energy and phase-change energy storage materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, the phase-change material filled in the phase-change material filling cavity (19) has a phase-change temperature and The indoor temperature is close, between 16-28°C, it can be inorganic phase change material, organic phase change material or eutectic mixture of organic phase change material. 6. The energy self-sustaining building for the integrated application of solar energy and phase-change energy storage materials according to claim 5, wherein the eutectic mixture of the organic phase-change materials is a mixture of fatty acids and higher alcohols, fatty acids It is n-capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid; the higher alcohol is lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol or stearyl alcohol; the mass ratio of fatty acid to higher alcohol is 46.4 ～97.5: 2.5～53.6; the melting points of the fatty acids and higher alcohols are all less than 80°C. 7. The energy self-sustaining building integrated with solar energy and phase-change energy storage materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the water inlet and water separator (8) of the phase-change sleeve (2), the water outlet and the collector The water heater (9) is connected; the hot water produced by the solar collector (3) flows into the water separator (8) through the pipeline, and then flows into each phase change sleeve through the water separator (8) for heat exchange, and then sinks into the water collector (9), and finally flow back to the solar heat collector (3) through the pipeline to complete the cycle. 8. The energy self-sustaining building integrated with solar energy and phase change energy storage materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar hot water circulation system is a same-program hot water heating system.